Islamic Psychology and the Call for Islamization of Modern Psychology

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Abbas Abdul Razak And Nik Ahmad Hisham
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Modern Psychology ◽  
Western Psychology ◽  
Islamic Psychology ◽  
Nature Development ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Muslim Scholars

The shifting of paradigms in modern psychology has left modern men in a state of confusion on the issues pertaining to what should be the paramount concern of psychology and in the proper understanding on the topic of human nature. In a contrastive manner Islamic psychology which has been promoted by Muslim scholars alongside with the process of Islamization of knowledge and education, has its roots in the philosophical ideas of early Muslim scholars. Its resurgence, which started some two decades ago, is seen as an initiative to introduce Islamic understanding on man to the conflicting ideas prevalent in modern psychology. Its approach, which is mainly philosophical in nature, goes back to the ideas on man mentioned in the two primary sources of Islam, the Qur’an and ×adÊth. Islamic psychology with its comprehensive ideas on human nature has been seen by Muslim scholars as a new perspective in psychology that can fill in the lacunae present in the modern psychological thoughts on man, and clears the mist that surrounds most Western theories on man. This paper represents an attempt to analyze and also synthesize Western psychology and Islamic psychology in terms of their nature, development, contributions, and problems.

Spiritual and Religious Sources of Indian Psychology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran Kumar Keshavamurthy Salagame
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Transpersonal Psychology ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Spiritual Experiences ◽  
The West ◽  
Indian Psychology ◽  
Spiritual Dimension ◽  
Modern Psychology ◽  
Western Psychology

Indian psychology is a nascent discipline, although it has a history that dates back many millennia. It differs from Western psychology both in its subject matter and its methodology. Whereas Western psychology at present is still anchored in a material worldview and governed by a reductionist paradigm, Indian psychology is founded on the primacy of consciousness as revealed by spiritual experiences and supported by logic and reasoning. Mainstream Western psychology has yet to recognize and accept the spiritual dimension of human nature, though transpersonal psychology emerged in the West fifty years ago. Indian psychology has the potential to enlarge the scope of modern psychology, and Indian psychological thought has universal significance.

scholarly journals Islamization of Psychology

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Louay M. Safi
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Moral Choice ◽  
Islamic Psychology ◽  
Muslim Scholars

This article argues that modern secular psychology with its antireligiousorigins depends on a limited ontology of human nature whichexcludes human volition as well as its transcendental and unchangingelements. This article challenges the negation of human nature bydemonstrating how the metaphysical presuppositions of Freud andSkinner actually assume a specific conception of human nature whiledenying its existence. This conception of human nature undermines thepossibility of human volition, effectively excluding responsibility, selfdetermination,and moral choice as factors that shape human action.This article then turns to the ideas on psychology embedded in theworks of classical Muslim scholars to argue that Islamic psychology isbased on volition and sublimation.

scholarly journals METODOLOGI DALAM KAJIAN PSIKOLOGI ISLAM

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Siti Faridah
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Problem ◽  
Divine Revelation ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Psychology Research ◽  
Muslim Society ◽  
Western Psychology ◽  
Islamic Psychology ◽  
Muslim Scholars

Initially Islamic Psychology studies and development made many Muslim scholars were spellbound by western psychology theories. They used them as a tool to analyze all sorts of phenomenon Muslim society and give the solution. It is important to remember that the Islamic Psychology concept should be built by the Muslim psychologists their selves. However, the western psychology concept is not necessarily suitable with the needs and purposes in Islam area. Because of that, the writer is interested to discuss the Islamic Psychology Methodology. Hopefully, Islamic Psychology can be an alternative way to solve Muslim society psychological problem especially and all of human being in generally. There were three approaches used by classic Muslim scholars to discuss psychic problem. They are skriptualis approach, falsafi/philosophy approach, and tasawwufi/Sufism approach. They are two studies in Islamic Psychology research; they are the theory and the method. Islam puts wahyu (divine revelation) as a religion paradigm which admits the existence of Allah in belief or in the implementation in the construction of science. Acsiologically, Islamic Psychology is built up to get the prosperity for human being. In epistemology, there is a relationship (nisbah) between mind and intuition. In ontology, it is for understanding human being as sunnatullah. Thus, al-Qur’an is the main source. Both of positivism and rationalism ideologies have different perspectives in finding the truth. Positivism believes that there is only one sensory truth. It could be observed and approved by anyone. In other side, Rationalism admits three truths. They are imperi-sensual truth, imperi-logic truth, and imperi-ethic. Both of the ideologies do not admit metaphysical and transcendental matters. As the result, the Islamic Psychology research will come true. Finally, to build up an Islamic Psychology as a branch of science, we still have so many things to do.

Divination and Human Nature

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter T. Struck
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Observable Fact

This book casts a new perspective on the rich tradition of ancient divination—the reading of divine signs in oracles, omens, and dreams. Popular attitudes during classical antiquity saw these readings as signs from the gods while modern scholars have treated such beliefs as primitive superstitions. The book reveals instead that such phenomena provoked an entirely different accounting from the ancient philosophers. These philosophers produced subtle studies into what was an odd but observable fact—that humans could sometimes have uncanny insights—and their work signifies an early chapter in the cognitive history of intuition. Examining the writings of Plato, Aristotle, the Stoics, and the Neoplatonists, the book demonstrates that they all observed how, setting aside the charlatans and swindlers, some people had premonitions defying the typical bounds of rationality. Given the wide differences among these ancient thinkers, the book notes that they converged on seeing this surplus insight as an artifact of human nature, projections produced under specific conditions by our physiology. For the philosophers, such unexplained insights invited a speculative search for an alternative and more naturalistic system of cognition. Recovering a lost piece of an ancient tradition, this book illustrates how philosophers of the classical era interpreted the phenomena of divination as a practice closer to intuition and instinct than magic.

Man and Creativity: A Contrastive Analysis between Western and Islamic Psychologies (Manusia dan kreativiti: analisis kontrastif di antara psikologi Barat dan Islam)

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-248
Author(s):  
Mohd Abbas Abdul Razak ◽  
Muhammad Adil Khan Afridi
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology ◽  
Positive Change ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Freudian Psychoanalysis ◽  
Western Psychology ◽  
Human Creativity ◽  
Islamic Psychology ◽  
Creative Intelligence ◽  
Present World

Abstract Among all creations of God living on this planet, Man is the most intelligent, innovative and creative.  Imbued with these qualities, Man was able to plan, create and recreate new things using the resources available in the environment. Man’s position as God’s best creation and as the recipient of the creative intelligence from his Creator has further advanced him in mastering science and technology. As a result of his advancement in knowledge and science in one way or another has ushered Man into creating great civilizations. While the discussion goes on as to whether Man’s creativity is an inborn or a learned behaviour, this paper intends to explore and analyze some of the existing concepts of human creativity found in Western and Islamic psychologies. Very particularly, the researchers would like to examine the concept of creativity put forward by Freudian Psychoanalysis, Behaviorists, Humanistic and Islamic psychologies. It is expected that the findings of this research can motivate mankind to be more dynamic and productive in bringing the much needed positive change to the present world conditions.   Keywords: Man, Creativity, Contrastive Analysis, Western Psychology, Islamic Psychology.   Abstrak Di antara semua ciptaan Tuhan yang hidup di planet ini, Manusia adalah yang paling pintar, inovatif dan kreatif. Dengan dianugerahi dengan semua kelebihan ini, Manusia dapat merancang, mencipta dan mencipta semula benda baharu dengan menggunakan sumber-sumber yang terdapat di alam sekitar. Kedudukan manusia sebagai makhluk Allah yang terbaik  dan sebagai penerima kecerdasan kreatif daripada Penciptanya telah memberi keupayaan kepadanya untuk semakin maju dalam menguasai sains dan teknologi. Hasil kemajuan dalam ilmu pengetahuan dan sains telah mendorong manusia untuk mewujudkan tamadun yang gilang-gemilang. Dalam suasana perbincangan yang berlansung dewasa ini mengenai; samada kreativiti manusia adalah suatu sifat pembawaan sejak lahir atau suatu yang dapat dipelajari, kajian ini ingin  menoraka konsep kreativiti manusia yang telah diutarakan oleh psikologi Barat dan Islam. Khususnya para penyelidik kajian ini ingin mendalami konsep kreativiti yang telah dikemukakan oleh aliran Freudian Psikoanalisis, Behaviorism, Humanistik psikologi dan psikologi Islam. Diharapkan penemuan penyelidikan ini dapat memotivasi umat manusia agar lebih dinamik dan produktif dalam membawa perubahan positif yang sangat diperlukan untuk merubah keadaan dunia sekarang ini.   Kata Kunci: Manusia, Kreativiti, Analisis Kontrastif, Psikologi Barat, Psikologi Islam.  

Human Nature from a Comparative Psychological Perspective

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 71-95
Author(s):  
Mustapha Achoui
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Psychological Perspective ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Islamic Psychology

This paper seeks to advance an understanding of Human Naturethrough Islamic Sources. The paper also seeks to adopt a self-consciouslycomparative approach to psychology, comparing Islamic perspectivewith Western views. The author explores Islamic views on thethree dimensions of psychology - the spiritual, the physiological andthe behavioral. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for atheoretical basis to define the psychological vision of human nature andto identify the subject matter of psychology within Islamic framework.Psychology cannot be separated from religious, philosophical andmoral issues, the paper insists, therefore it is important that they be integratedin the efforts to articulate Islamic psychology.

After Arminius

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. McCall ◽  
Keith D. Stanglin
Keyword(s):  
Primary Sources ◽  
Reformed Theology ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
System Building ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Modern Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Vision Of God ◽  
Important Position

“Arminianism” was the subject of important theological controversies in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and it maintains an important position within Protestant thought. What became known as “Arminian” theology was held by people across a swath of geographical and ecclesial positions; it developed in European, British, and American contexts, and it engaged with a wide range of intellectual challenges. While standing together in their common rejection of several key planks of Reformed theology, proponents of Arminianism took various positions on other matters. Some were broadly committed to catholic and creedal theology; others were more open to theological revision. Some were concerned primarily with practical concerns; others were engaged in system building as they sought to articulate and defend an overarching vision of God and the world. The story of this development is both complex and important for a proper understanding of the history of Protestant theology. However, this historical development of Arminian theology is not well known. In this book, Thomas H. McCall and Keith D. Stanglin offer a historical introduction to Arminian theology as it developed in modern thought, providing an account that is based upon important primary sources and recent secondary research that will be helpful to scholars of ecclesial history and modern thought as well as comprehensible and relevant for students.

scholarly journals PSIKOLOGI ISLAM BAROMETER TERINTEGRASINYA ILMU DAN IMAN

Al-Risalah ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-75
Author(s):  
Abdul Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Philosophy Of Education ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Western Psychology ◽  
Islamic Countries

Tujuan utama dalam makalah ini untuk mendiskripsikan konsep Islam  mengenai  krakteristik manusia yang diyakini sebagai komponen penting dalam pendidikan dan filosofi pendidikan, dan bahkan hal itu menjadi sumber pokok melalui proses pendidikan untuk mencapai tujuan yang diharapkan, semua filosofi pendidikan yang implementatif tidak  dapat dikonseptualisasikan tanpa diawali dengan konsep yang jelas mengenai dimensi manusia utamanya menyangkut krakter dan tabiat penting lainya.Pendidikan Islam meskipun telah berkembang dengan cepat, namun dalam faktanya disadari atau tidak masih berkiblat pada psikologi Barat dalam menyoal sifat maupun prilaku manusia, dimana pandangan mereka banyak memiliki perbedaan dengan pandangan psikologi Islm. Dengan demikian Institusi pendidikan di Negara-negara Islam pada umumnya. baru saja menghasilkan generasi dengan identitas Islam namun pemikiran dan sikapnya masih cendrung mengadopsi Barat. Dengan cara menerapkan konsep Islam mengenai sifat manusia dalam pendidikan, diharapkan orang tua, guru, masyarakat, pemerintah dapat menyadari dan  mengaktualisasikan sabda nabi: “Bahwa setiap anak dilahirkan dalam sifat primordial kerohanian Tuhan, namun lingkungan pendidikan yang membuatnya menjadi Yahudi, kristiani, dan Majusi. The main aim of this article to explan the concept of human nature which was regarded as an essential part of education and the philosophy of education, it also being the main source to achieve the positive out come through the proses of education, no effective philosophy of education can be conceptualized without clear concept of human nature.Islamic education even though has grow up speedly,but unwittingly still base on Western psychology that huge different of Islmic psychology in human nature approach. So Educational institution in Islamic countries just produced Islamic generation of identity with westen’s  minded and attitude. By applying Islamic concept on human nature in education, parents, teachers, society, government are made to understand that child has born in primordial nature that has God conciusnes, and the educational environment that create them being Judism, Christian,and Magian.

Mind and World in Aristotle's De Anima

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Kelsey
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Specific Function ◽  
De Anima ◽  
Philosophical Account ◽  
The World ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Original Reading ◽  
The Way

Why is the human mind able to perceive and understand the truth about reality; that is, why does it seem to be the mind's specific function to know the world? Sean Kelsey argues that both the question itself and the way Aristotle answers it are key to understanding his work De Anima, a systematic philosophical account of the soul and its powers. In this original reading of a familiar but highly compressed text, Kelsey shows how this question underpins Aristotle's inquiry into the nature of soul, sensibility, and intelligence. He argues that, for Aristotle, the reason why it is in human nature to know beings is that 'the soul in a way is all beings'. This new perspective on the De Anima throws fresh and interesting light on familiar Aristotelian doctrines: for example, that sensibility is a kind of ratio (logos), or that the intellect is simple, separate, and unmixed.

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