Breeding Index as an Economic Component of the Basis of Breeding Work in Dairy Cattle Breeding

Author(s):  
E.E. Melnikova ◽  
◽  
S.N. Kharitonov ◽  
I.N. Yanchukov ◽  
L.V. Ionova ◽  
...  
Author(s):  
И.Н. ЯНЧУКОВ ◽  
А.Н. ЕРМИЛОВ ◽  
А.А. ЕРМИЛОВ

Для решения поставленных перед молочным скотоводством задач АО «Московское» по племенной работе» на базе своего обособленного подразделения образовало Сслекционно-репродуктивный центр (СРЦ) «Мосплемэлита» с целью воспроизводства племенного материала мирового класса, а также животных редкой генеалогической принадлежности в условиях нашей страны через использование метода трансплантации эмбрионов. Для его эффективного функционирования на аукционах в Европе были закуплены доноры и реципиенты, не вакцинированные против инфекционного ринотрахеита, вирусной диареи и ряда других болезней и имеющие высокие племенные оценки. Доноры осеменялись спермой выдающихся производителей (1—3 рейтинг в стране происхождения) и быков-улучшателей редкой генеалогической принадлежности. Часть доноров (n=17) после накопления от них установленного запаса эмбрионов отелились и закончили 1 лактацию. В среднем за 305 дней их удой составил 12062 кг, при содержании жира 4,35% и белка — 3,49%. Оценка типа телосложения оказалась равной 86,71 балла, что соответствует категории «отлично». Перерасчет молочной продуктивности коров-доноров по методике, принятой в США (за 365 дней полновозрастной лактации), показал, что в среднем продуктивность этих животных достигнет 18766 кг молока с содержанием жира 4,41% и белка 3,52%. Приведенные параметры значительно выше «Генетического базиса» США (12733 кг — 3,84% — 3,10%) и показателей, установленных «Планом селекционно-племенной работы с крупным рогатым скотом АО «Московское» по племенной работе» на период до 2025 года» для коров селекционной группы «матери быков» (за наивысшую лактацию 14000 кг, 4,40%, 3,40% и 85 баллов за тип телосложения). Воспроизведенные в условиях СРЦ «Мосплемэлита» бычки имели характеристики в том числе по геному (оценка ВИЖ им. Л.К. Эрнста) значительно выше (по продуктивности матерей на 15%, оценке отцов на 111% и геномной оценке пробандов на 61%) аналогичных параметров ремонтных животных, закупленных предприятием на аукционах в Европе в 2020 году по цене 20,0 тыс. евро и выше. Полученные результаты позволяют утверждать, что в условиях нашей страны вполне возможно воспроизводство конкурентоспособного племенного материала. To solve the tasks set for dairy cattle breeding, JSC "Moskovskoye" for breeding work"on the basis of its separate subdivision formed the Breeding and Reproductive Center (BRC) "Mosplemelita" in order to reproduce world-class breeding material, as well as animals of rare genealogical affiliation in our country through using the method of embryo transplantation. For its effective functioning, donors and recipients who had not been vaccinated against infectious rhinotracheitis, viral diarrhea and a number of other diseases and had high breeding scores were purchased at auctions in Europe. Donors were inseminated with sperm of outstanding producers (1—3 rating in the country of origin) and improver bulls of rare genealogical affiliation. Some donors (n=17), after accumulating an established stock of embryos from them, calved ansrcd completed 1 lactation. On average, for 305 days, their milk yield was 12062 kg, with a fat content of 4.35% and protein — 3.49%. The body type score was 86.71 points, which corresponds to the "excellent" category. Recalculation of the milk productivity of donor cows according to the method adopted in the USA (for 365 days of full-age lactation) showed that the average productivity of these animals will reach 18766 kg of milk with a fat content of 4.41% and a protein content of 3.52%. The above parameters are significantly higher than the "Genetic basis" of the United States (12,733 kg — 3.84% — 3.10%) and the indicators established by the "Plan for selection and breeding work with cattle of JSC" Moskovskoye "for breeding work" for the period up to 2025 "For cows of the selection group" mother of bulls "(for the highest lactation 14000 kg, 4.40%, 3.40% and 85 points for the body type). The gobies reproduced in the conditions of the Mosplemelita SEC had characteristics in terms of genome (assessment of the L.K. Ernst VIZH) significantly higher (in terms of maternal productivity by 15%, assessment of fathers by 111% and genomic assessment of probands by 61%) similar parameters of repair animals purchased by the company at auctions in Europe in 2020 at a price of 20.0 thousand euros and more. The results obtained make it possible to assert that in the conditions of our country it is quite possible to reproduce competitive breeding material.


Author(s):  
N. Kostomakhin ◽  
M. Petrova ◽  
Yu. Chernigov ◽  
O. Kurchenkova

Breeding work aimed at improving the body type of cattle is of a big importance for improving the efficiency of dairy cattle breeding, since harmoniously built animals are characterized by high milk productivity, long-term economic use and are in significant demand on the market of breeding products. Linear evaluation of the body type of dairy cattle has become very popular and is widely used to assess the appearance of animals in many countries with highly developed cattle breeding (USA, Canada, Netherlands, Germany, etc.). Many researchers use a linear evaluation method for evaluating the body type of cows of different origins obtained both by crossbreeding with improving breeds, and for evaluating sires on the quality of offspring. In the Omsk region scientific research on the use of linear evaluation of the body type of daughters of sires has been carried out in order to further assess their breeding qualities. The purpose of the research was to study the conformation features of first-calf heifers have been obtained from different sires evaluated using the method of linear evaluation of body type. The experimental part of the work has been carried out in breeding farms in the Omsk region: JSC “Razdolnoe” of the Russian-Polyansky district and JSC “Azovskoye” of the Azov district. It has been established that the sire directly determines the conformation features of the daughters, which in turn affects their milk productivity, health and ease of calving.


Author(s):  
T. L. Leshchuk ◽  
G. E. Uskov ◽  
A. V. Tsopanova

The purpose of the work was to analyze the state of dairy cattle breeding in the Kurgan region. In the region measures are systematically taken to improve the efficiency of the organization of selection and breeding work, improve reproduction traits, introduce advanced feeding methods, and organize artificial insemination of farm animals. Breeding work with dairy cattle in the region is aimed at creating animals that combine the adaptive properties and valuable features of Black-and-White cattle of the Trans-Urals with high productivity and suitability for intensive technology. It has been established that the average milk yield for 305 days of lactation for the controlled livestock in the region in 2019 was 6558 kg of milk. This was less than in the previous year by 0,73 % or 48 kg. According to the results of 2019 the average milk yield of cows in stud farms was 8098 kg, which was by 6,6 % less than in 2018. Pedigree breeding units worked more successfully where the average milk yield of cows increased by 1,54 % and amounted to 6777 kg. The productivity of cows in stud farms was by 19,5 % higher than in pedigree breeding units. Average age of cow culling in all categories of farms in the region in 2019 amounted to 3,4 calving, which was at the level of previous years. This indicator was slightly higher for pedigree breeding units in 2019, it was 3,9 calving. The main reason for the culling of animals is gynecological diseases for this reason 22,56 % of the cows in the farms in the region were culled, and in pedigree breeding units 30,34 % of cows. Recently, the main focus in the Kurgan region is on obtaining animals with a high proportion of genes for Holstein breed.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (86) ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
A.S. Kharitonova ◽  
◽  
◽  

Dairy cattle breeding is a structure forming branch of agriculture. Increasing the intensity of productivity in the dairy cattle breeding requires improvement of animals, which can be achieved through selection and breeding work. Therefore, one of the most important tasks in dairy cattle breeding is constant work to improve the productive and breeding qualities of breeds, types, lines and crosses of the livestock. Further increase in the productivity of a herd of dairy cows depends largely on improving the genotype of animals, increasing the hereditary potential of dairy productivity of cows. This problem can be solved, first of all, both by intrabreed selection, and on the basis of interbreeding. The aim of the study was to study the productive features of various lines of Holstein cows. The research was conducted on animals in the farm of LLC "Yupiter" in the Bolkhov district of the Orel region. As a result of this study, it was found that the control group Wes Back Ideal 1013415 had the lowest indicators of live weight for all indicators except live weight at birth. Cows of the Wes Back Ideal 1013415 line surpass in milk productivity for 305 days of lactation the first-born cows of other lines by 57,606 and 409,888 kg. The highest indicators of milk and specific fat content coefficients for the first lactation were in cows of the control group of the Wes Back Ideal 1013415 line – 1841,145 and 60.006 kg, respectively.


Author(s):  
K.ZH. ZHUMANOV ◽  
◽  
T.N. KARYMSAKOV ◽  
M.A. KINEEV ◽  
M.V. TAMAROVSKIY ◽  
...  

According to the current “Instruction” used in dairy cattle selection and breeding in the Republic of Kazakhstan, bulls-producers of dairy breeds are assessed according to the their offspring quality based on the principle of “peer daughter”. This means that the phenotypic indicators of the daughters of the tested bulls are compared with the corresponding indicators of their peers. In European countries with developed dairy cattle breeding, as well as in Canada, the USA, etc., to ensure a reliable forecast of the genetic value of individuals (primarily, bulls-producers), use is made of the best linear unbiased forecast method (BLUP method). This method implies that the breeding value of producers is determined by the deviation values of the development of traits of the examined animal from its average values in the population. Especially urgent area is the research aimed at improving breeding programs, including assessing the breeding value of bulls-producers of dairy breeds using BLUP methods based on the productive qualities of the mass of dairy cattle in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The research material included the data on the phenotypic indicators of the milk productivity of first-calf cows (the amount of milk yield, the content of fat and protein in milk, the yield of milk fat and protein) of the Holstein black-motley dairy cattle breed, obtained from the information and analytical database of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2016–2017. It was found that when evaluating according to the official “Instruction”, 16 sires out of 256 bulls (6.2%) got the stud category in 2016, 14 sires (9.2%) out of 152 bulls in 2017, and – 30 sires of 249 bulls (12.0%) over the cumulative period. The results of the conducted research prove that the use of the classic “Instructions” in dairy cattle breeding has lower efficiency (by 42.8–90.0%) as compared with the assessment of the breeding value of bulls based on the BLUP method.The selection of sire bulls into breeding groups based on the “peer daughter” methodology is not reliable enough and rather ineffective. Comparing the results of assessing the breeding qualities of sire bulls, obtianed using two methods in all compared periods (2016, 2017, 2016–2017), the authors established a clear superiority of the BLUP method over the current Instruction used in the Republic of Kazakhstan.


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