scholarly journals Effect of Placement and Rate of PCNB and PCNB + Ethoprop On The Control Of Southern Stem Rot Of Peanut1

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Hagan ◽  
J. R. Weeks ◽  
K. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Band Width ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Control Disease ◽  
On Farm

Abstract Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) 10G and PCNB + ethoprop 10–3G applied on 10-cm (narrow) and 25-cm (wide) band widths, respectively, were evaluated for the control of southern stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii) and impact on yield of peanut. On-farm evaluations with PCNB were done in 1988 to 1990, while PCNB + ethoprop and diniconazole 25W were tested in 1989 and 1990. Narrow band width (10-cm) applications of the 5.6 kg a.i./ha rate of PCNB significantly reduced disease and increased yield all three years compared to the control; the 11.2 kg a.i./ha rate applied on the wide band width (25-cm) reduced stem rot incidence two of three years. The narrow and wide band width applications of PCNB + ethoprop at 5.6 + 1.7 kg a.i./ha and 11.2 + 3.3 kg a.i./ha resulted in reduced southern stem rot incidence and higher yields than the control. Disease control and yield response with PCNB + ethoprop were similar to those in plots treated with PCNB on the narrow and wide band widths. Diniconazole 25W, which was broadcast twice at 0.28 kg a.i./ha in 1989 and 1990, gave better disease control and higher yields than PCNB and PCNB + ethoprop only one of two years.

Southern Stem Rot Suppression On Peanut With The Insecticide Chlorpyrifos1

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Hagan ◽  
J. R. Weeks ◽  
R. B. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Disease Loci ◽  
One Year ◽  
On Farm

Abstract Chlorpyrifos 15G(2.24 kg a.i./ha), PCNB 10G (11.2 kg a.i./ha), and PCNB 10G + chlorpyrifos 15G(11.2 + 2.24 kg a.i./ha) were compared for the suppression of southern stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. on peanut in on-farm trials on nine farms over three years (1982–1984). Chlorpyrifos, PCNB, and PCNB + chlorpyrifos significantly reduced loci counts all three years. PCNB + chlorpyrifos generally gave the best stem rot suppression and yield response, but there was little difference in disease loci counts between chlorpyrifos and PCNB. PCNB significantly increased yield over the control two years while chlorpyrifos increased yield only one year.

Effects of Application Timing and Method on Control of Southern Stem Rot of Peanut With Foliar-Applied Fungicides1

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Hagan ◽  
J. R. Weeks ◽  
K. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Similar Disease

Abstract Foliar-applied flutolanil, diniconazole, tebuconazole, and propiconazole were compared to granular PCNB for the control of southern stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii) and their effects on yield of peanut in 1988 and 1989 in southeastern Alabama. Numbers of stem rot loci were significantly decreased and yields were increased in plots treated with banded and broadcast applications of flutolanil, diniconazole, and tebucnzole. While yields of flutolanil-, diniconazole-, and tebuconazole-treated plots were significantly higher than the PCNB-treated plots, efficacy of these fungicides in controlling southern stem rot differed only in one of two years. Banded applications of flutolanil gave similar disease control but yielded less than broadcast applications of the same fungicide. Disease control and yield response with propiconazole was comparable to that obtained with PCNB in one of two years and proved far less efficacious against stem rot than the other fungicides evaluated.

scholarly journals Comparison of Soil Insecticides Alone and In Combination With PCNB for Suppression of Southern Stem Rot of Peanut1

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Hagan ◽  
J. R. Weeks ◽  
J. A. McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Control Disease ◽  
Soil Insecticides

Abstract The soil insecticides, chlorpyrifos 15G (2.2 kg a.i./ha), ethoprop 15G (3.3 kg a.i./ha), and fonofos (2.2 kg a.i./ha) were compared with pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) 10G (11.2 kg a.i./ha) and PCNB (11.2 kg a.i./ha) + insecticide combinations for suppression of southern stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii on peanut in a series of field trials in 1985, 1986, and 1987 in southeastern Alabama. Stem rot loci counts were reduced each year by chlorpyrifos and two of three years of ethoprop, and fonofos compared to the non-treated control. Disease suppression with chlorpyrifos and ethoprop was similar all three years and two of three years with fonofos to that with the fungicide PCNB. Significant differences (P = 0.05) in yield were noted only in 1986 between each of the soil insecticides and the non-treated control. PCNB and PCNB + insecticide combinations with the exception of PCNB + ethoprop in 1985 significantly increased yields over the non-treated control each year. PCNB + insecticide combinations generally provided better disease suppression and/or yield response than each insecticide but not PCNB applied alone. When data were pooled for all 3 years, all treatments significantly reduced disease incidence and significantly increased yield except fonofos and ethoprop.

2012–2016 On-Farm Evaluation of Fungicide Programs for Peanut Disease Control in Hamilton County, Florida

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith W. Wynn ◽  
Nicholas S. Dufault ◽  
Rebecca L. Barocco
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathology ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Fungal Disease ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Hamilton County

This ten-page fact sheet includes a summary of various fungicide spray programs for fungal disease control of early leaf spot, late leaf spot, and white mold/stem rot of peanut in 2012-2016 on-farm trials in Hamilton County. Written by K.W. Wynn, N.S. Dufault, and R.L. Barocco and published by the Plant Pathology Department.http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pp334

On-Farm Evaluations of Reduced Input Fungicide Programs in Peanut Fields with Low, Moderate, or High Levels of Disease Risk

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Woodward ◽  
T. B. Brenneman ◽  
R. C. Kemerait ◽  
A. K. Culbreath ◽  
N. B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Production Region ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Peanut Production ◽  
On Farm

ABSTRACT In 2003, 2004, and 2005 standard and reduced input fungicide programs were evaluated throughout the peanut production region of Georgia for control of early leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola), late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personatum), and southern stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii). Disease risk was determined for each field based on the cultural practices implemented and ranged from low to high. Six to eight fungicide applications were made in the standard programs, versus three to six applications in reduced programs. Leaf spot ratings were higher for the reduced programs in five of the fourteen trials with substantial defoliation occurring in one trial. Overall, southern stem rot control for the reduced programs was equal to or better than that for the standard program, which could be attributed to the differences in fungicide selection or timing. Pod yields for the reduced programs were equal to or greater than the standard programs in all but one trial. Net returns were higher for the reduced programs in half of the trials; however, the reduced program resulted in lower net returns in one trial in 2004. Our results indicate that reduced input fungicide programs can be used to adequately manage fungal diseases of peanut without compromising yield or profitability, and that the use of cultivars with moderate levels of disease resistance may enhance disease control.

Effects of Application Method and Rate on Control of Sclerotinia Blight of Peanut with Iprodione and Fluazinam1

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Damicone ◽  
K. E. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Sclerotinia Blight ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Yield Responses

Abstract Two trials with iprodione and three trials with fluazinam were conducted to assess the effects of application method and rate on the control of Sclerotinia blight of peanut with fungicide. In order to concentrate the fungicides near the crown area where the disease causes the most damage, applications were made through a canopy opener with a single nozzle centered over the row to achieve a 30.5-cm-wide band (canopy opener), and through a single nozzle centered over the row to achieve a 46-cm-wide band (band). Broadcast applications were compared to these methods at rates of 0, 0.28, 0.56, and 1.12 kg/ha on the susceptible cultivar Okrun. Sclerotinia blight was severe, with > 70% disease incidence and < 2000 kg/ha yield for the untreated controls in each trial. Linear reductions in area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), but not final disease incidence, with iprodione rate were significant (P < 0.05) for all methods of application. However, the rate of decrease did not differ among application methods. Linear increases in yield with rate of iprodione were greater for canopy opener compared to the band or broadcast applications. Only a 50% reduction in AUDPC and a maximum yield of < 2700 kg/ha was achieved with iprodione using the best method. At the maximum rate of 1.12 kg/ha, fluazinam provided > 75% disease control and > 4000 kg/ha yield for all application methods. Differences in disease control and yield among application methods only occurred at the 0.28 and 0.56 kg/ha rates of fluazinam. Reductions in AUDPC with fluazinam rate were quadratic for all application methods, but AUDPC values were less for the canopy opener and band methods at 0.28 and 0.56 kg/ha compared to the broadcast methods. The yield response to rate for broadcast applications of fluazinam was linear. However, predicted yield responses to fluazinam rate were quadratic for the band and canopy opener methods and approached the maximum response at 0.84 kg/ha. Targeting fungicide applications using the band and/or canopy opener methods was beneficial for fluazinam at reduced rates. Disease control with iprodione was not adequate regardless of application method.

scholarly journals Disease and Yield Response of a Stem-rot-resistant and -Susceptible Peanut Cultivar under Varying Fungicide Inputs

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (11) ◽  
pp. 2781-2785
Author(s):  
J. R. Standish ◽  
A. K. Culbreath ◽  
W. D. Branch ◽  
T. B. Brenneman
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Commercial Fungicide ◽  
Similar Yield

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) producers rely on costly fungicide programs to manage stem rot, caused by Sclerotium rolfsii. Planting disease-resistant cultivars could increase profits by allowing for the deployment of less-expensive, lower-input fungicide programs. Field experiments were conducted to characterize stem rot and early and late leaf spot (caused by Passalora arachidicola and Nothopassalora personata, respectively), yield, and overall profitability of cultivars Georgia-06G (stem-rot-susceptible) and Georgia-12Y (stem-rot-resistant) as influenced by seven commercial fungicide programs. Stem rot incidence was consistently lower on Georgia-12Y for all fungicides when compared with Georgia-06G and was lowest for both cultivars in plots treated with prothioconazole plus a tank mixture of penthiopyrad and tebuconazole. Leaf spot severity was similar for both the resistant and susceptible cultivars, and the greatest reduction occurred in plots treated with prothioconazole plus a tank mixture of penthiopyrad and tebuconazole. Fungicide programs gave similar yield and net return on Georgia-12Y; however, plots of Georgia-06G treated with prothioconazole plus a tank mixture of penthiopyrad and tebuconazole had the greatest yield and net return. Yields and economic return from the highest level of fungicide inputs on Georgia-06G were numerically less than those of Georgia-12Y treated with only chlorothalonil. These results show the value of fungicides in peanut disease management with susceptible cultivars, as well as the benefits of planting stem-rot-resistant cultivars in high-risk situations.

scholarly journals Control of Southern Stem Rot of Peanuts With PCNB Plus Fensulfothion1

1978 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel S. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Dead Plant ◽  
One Year

Abstract Previous tests with PCNB for control of Southern stem rot in Georgia have not usually increased peanut yields. Tests were conducted with PCNB, fensulfothion and PCNB plus fensulfothion to determine if increased nematode damage with the use of PCNB might offset disease control with this fungicide. The results showed that PCNB had no effect on nematode numbers, but significantly increased yields only one year out of three. PCNB plus fensulfothion increased yields every year of the three. Field disease counts indicated that PCNB alone and PCNB plus fensulfothion both significantly controlled Southern stem rot. A laboratory test showed that PCNB plus fensulfothion is more toxic to Sclerotium rolfsii than PCNB alone. Fensulfothion plus PCNB may increase yields by delaying disease infection, providing better disease control, which was not measurable with dead plant counts, or a combination of these.

2016 Evaluation of Foliar Fungicides for Disease Control in Peanut, Jay, FL

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Mulvaney ◽  
Robert (Bob) Kemerait ◽  
John D. Atkins ◽  
Nicholas S. Dufault
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Treatment Program ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Test Results ◽  
One Year ◽  
Foliar Fungicide ◽  
Selection Of

This report includes a summary of the 2016 foliar fungicide programs for control of early and late leaf spot and white mold (southern stem rot) in peanut at Jay, Florida. It shows the effectiveness of 13 fungicide programs for disease control. All programs contained active ingredients for the control of white mold (Sclerotium rolfsii) except the Bravo treatment (program #2), which was considered a control. These data represent only one year at one location, and readers are cautioned that test results should be considered over several locations and years before final conclusions are considered valid. These data are meant to serve as a guide in the selection of effective fungicide programs for peanut.

scholarly journals Number of Tebuconazole Applications for Maximizing Disease Control and Yield of Peanut in Growers' Fields in Alabama

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (8) ◽  
pp. 927-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Bowen ◽  
A. K. Hagan ◽  
J. R. Weeks
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Quadratic Equations ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Minimal Disease ◽  
Yield Maximization

Disease and yields of peanut were monitored in growers' fields treated with zero, one, two, three, and four applications of tebuconazole. Yields ranged from 1,918 to 6,891 kg/ha and averaged 4,319 kg/ha over eight locations in 3 study years. Defoliation caused by peanut leaf spots (Cercospora arachidicola and Cercosporidium acutatum) and incidence of southern stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii) were inversely related to number of tebuconazole applications, while yield was directly related to number of tebuconazole applications. Average yields with zero, one, two, and four tebuconazole applications (each application at 0.25 kg a.i./ha) were 3,609, 4,088, 4,526, and 4,868 kg/ha, respectively. Data from each location were best modeled by quadratic equations allowing determination of numbers of tebuconazole applications for minimal disease and maximal yields. Calculated spray numbers indicate that between three and four applications of tebuconazole is best for disease control and yield maximization.

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