scholarly journals Forage Potential of Cultivated Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)1

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Gorbet ◽  
R. L. Stanley ◽  
D. A. Knauft
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Cultivated Peanut ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Forage Yields

Abstract Livestock production enterprises in the southern USA depend primarily on forage for feed. With the development of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) lines with good late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & Curt.) Deighton) resistance in the Florida breeding program, studies were initiated in 1983 at Marianna to evaluate their forage potential. Peanut breeding lines were grown without fungicide applications for leaf spot control and cuttings were made to evaluate forage production. Two forage cuttings were compared to a single cutting or harvest for each genotype. Pod yields were taken at the end of each season. Some lines produced dry matter forage yields exceeding 9000 kg ha-1 with two cuttings, with some single harvest yields exceeding 7000 kg ha-1. Significant differences were observed among genotypes, years, and forage harvest treatments. Two cuttings always produced the greatest forage yield but reduced pod yields as much as 50% for some entries. Some genotypes produced pod yields of 4000 kg ha-1 with the single forage harvest. Crude protein values for the forage were generally higher for two cuttings (14.0 − 19.6%), as compared to the single cutting or harvest (12.5 − 15.1%). In vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) ranged from 59.6 − 72% for forage samples. These protein and digestibility values compare favorably to alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and perennial rhizoma peanut cultivars of A. glabrata Benth.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Selection of Interspecific Lines of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) for Resistance to Leaf Spot Disease and for Yield Improvement

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 873
Author(s):  
Nicholas N. Denwar ◽  
Charles E. Simpson ◽  
James L. Starr ◽  
Terry A. Wheeler ◽  
Mark D. Burow
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Linkage Drag ◽  
Backcross Population ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Advanced Backcross ◽  
Advanced Backcross Population ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Early and late leaf spot are two devastating diseases of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) worldwide. The development of a fertile, cross-compatible synthetic amphidiploid, TxAG-6 ([A. batizocoi × (A. cardenasii × A. diogoi)]4x), opened novel opportunities for the introgression of wild alleles for disease and pest resistance into commercial cultivars. Twenty-seven interspecific lines selected from prior evaluation of an advanced backcross population were evaluated for resistance to early and late leaf spot, and for yield in two locations in Ghana in 2006 and 2007. Several interspecific lines had early leaf spot scores significantly lower than the susceptible parent, indicating that resistance to leaf spot had been successfully introgressed and retained after three cycles of backcrossing. Time to appearance of early leaf spot symptoms was less in the introgression lines than in susceptible check cultivars, but the opposite was true for late leaf spot. Selected lines from families 43-08, 43-09, 50-04, and 60-02 had significantly reduced leaf spot scores, while lines from families 43-09, 44-10, and 63-06 had high pod yields. One line combined both resistance to leaf spot and high pod yield, and several other useful lines were also identified. Results suggest that it is possible to break linkage drag for low yield that accompanies resistance. However, results also suggest that resistance was diluted in many of the breeding lines, likely a result of the multigenic nature of resistance. Future QTL analysis may be useful to identify alleles for resistance and allow recombination and pyramiding of resistance alleles while reducing linkage drag.

scholarly journals Field Evaluation of Early and Late Leaf Spot Diseases in Advanced Breeding Lines of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 3910-3919
Author(s):  
Sajjan Kumar Pooniya ◽  
Sunil Yadav ◽  
Madhurjit Singh Rathore ◽  
Sushma Tiwari ◽  
R. S. Sikarwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Effects of Weed Control in Established Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) on Forage Yield and Quality

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis R. Cosgrove ◽  
Michael Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Forage Yields

The effects of weed control measures in established alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) on forage yield and quality were investigated at three sites with varying alfalfa densities and weed populations. Herbicide treatments were 0.56 and 1.12 kg/ha metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one] applied in fall or spring, respectively, 1.68 kg/ha pronamide [3,5-dichloro (N-1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl)benzamide] applied in fall, and combinations of these treatments. First-harvest forage yields (weeds plus alfalfa) were either reduced or unchanged by herbicide treatments. Total forage yield was not altered by the herbicide treatments, but first-harvest and total alfalfa yield as well as first-harvest forage protein content were increased by several treatments, depending on stand density and weed pressure. Little effect was observed on in vitro digestible dry matter or acid detergent fiber content.

scholarly journals Diversity in Nutrient Content and Consumer Preferences of Sensory Attributes of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Varieties in Ugandan Agroecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2658
Author(s):  
Rose Nankya ◽  
John W. Mulumba ◽  
Hannington Lwandasa ◽  
Moses Matovu ◽  
Brian Isabirye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Intraspecific Diversity ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Cultivated Peanut ◽  
Nutrient Amounts

The cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the most widely consumed legumes globally due to its nutrient content, taste, and affordability. Nutrient composition and consumer preference were determined for twenty local farmer (landrace) and commercial peanut varieties grown in the Nakaseke and Nakasongola districts of the central wooded savanna of Uganda through sensory and laboratory evaluation. Significant differences in nutrient content (p < 0.05) among peanut varieties were found within and across sites. A significant relationship between nutrient content and consumer preference for varieties within and across sites was also realized (Wilk’s lambda = 0.05, p = 0.00). The differences in nutrient content influenced key organoleptic characteristics, including taste, crunchiness, appearance, and soup aroma, which contributed to why consumers may prefer certain varieties to others. Gender differences in variety selection were significantly related to consumer preference for the crunchiness of roasted peanut varieties (F = 5.7, p = 0.016). The results imply that selecting different varieties of peanuts enables consumers to receive different nutrient amounts, while experiencing variety uniqueness. The promotion of peanut intraspecific diversity is crucial for improved nutrition, organoleptic appreciation and the livelihood of those engaged in peanut value chains, especially for the actors who specialize in different peanut products. The conservation of peanut diversity will ensure that the present and future generations benefit from the nutritional content and organoleptic enjoyment that is linked to unique peanut varieties.

scholarly journals In Vitro Callus Culture and Plant Regeneration from Different Explants of Groundnut(Arachis hypogaea L.).

1996 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-320
Author(s):  
Perumal Venkatachalam ◽  
Adaikalam Subramaniampillai ◽  
Narayanasamylpillai Jayabalan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Callus Culture ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

scholarly journals Reaction of Select Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Lines to Southern Stem Rot and Pythium Pod Rot Under Varied Disease Pressure

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. D. Smith ◽  
T. E. Boswell ◽  
W. J. Grichar ◽  
C. E. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Resistant Parent ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Considerable Resistance ◽  
Disease Pressure

Abstract Eight breeding lines, three parents, and the cultivar Florunner were compared under two levels of disease pressure induced by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., or Pythium myriotylum Drechs. at each of two locations for three years to ascertain the effectiveness of the host plant resistance to each pathogen. Varied disease pressures were created by application of fungicides and supplement of fungal inoculum. Mean Florunner pod yields varied more than 1000 kg/ha as a result of the S. rolfsii treatments but the yields of the resistant TxAG-3 were not affected. Disease incidence, as measured by frequency of S. rolfsii infection sites and diseased pods, was much higher for Florunner than TxAG-3. Breeding lines for which TxAG-3 was a parent sustained significant yield reductions. The disease incidence in these lines was higher than the resistant parent, equal or less than Tamnut 74, their other parent, and less than Florunner. The grades of TxAG-3 and its derivatives were lower than Florunner. Pod rot incidence differed for the P. myriotylum treatments but pod yields were not different. TxAG-3 and Toalson sustained less pod disease than Florunner and Tamnut 74. The percent of diseased pod tissue for one derivative of Toalson was lower than Toalson and TxAG-3, and that of one TxAG-3 derivative was equal to its best parent. The breeding lines varied in reaction to the two diseases and some lines showed considerable resistance to both organisms.

Flavor Profiles of Wild Species-Derived Peanut Breeding Lines

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Tallury ◽  
H. E. Pattee ◽  
T. G. Isleib ◽  
H. T. Stalker
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Cultivated Peanut ◽  
Important Quality

Abstract Several diploid wild species of the genus Arachis L. have been used as sources of resistance to common diseases of cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Because flavor is among the most important quality attributes for commercial acceptance of roasted peanuts, sensory attributes of interspecific hybrid derived breeding lines were evaluated to determine if transfer of disease resistance from wild species is associated with concomitant changes in flavor. Sixteen interspecific hybrid derivatives with five diploid species in their ancestries and the commercial flavor standard, NC 7 were evaluated for sensory quality. Significant variation among entries was found for the roasted peanut, sweet, and bitter sensory attributes, but not for the overall contrast between NC 7 and the wild species-derived breeding lines. The variation was either between two groups of wild species-derived breeding lines or within one or both groups. Introduction of disease and pest resistance traits from Arachis species did not result in degradation or improvement of the flavor profile. This suggests that flavor of wild species-derived germplasm will not prevent its use either as parents in peanut breeding programs or as cultivars.

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