scholarly journals Phosphorus Uptake and Utilization Efficiency in Peanut1

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
P Accumulation ◽  
Total P

Abstract Cultivars of a crop can differ genetically with respect to their uptake, translocation, accumulation, and use of phosphorus. The objective of this paper was to evaluate genetic variation for P uptake and utilization among peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes. Several traits contribute to the total P efficiency of the genotype, including root length, rate of P uptake per unit root length, leaf and pod characters such as P accumulation, and dry matter/yield produced per unit P absorbed [i.e., P efficiency ratio (PER)]. Peanut genotypes with increased P uptake and higher PER were identified. Some genotypes sustained higher PER at both low and high soil P availabilities.

scholarly journals Rice increases phosphorus uptake in strongly sorbing soils by intra-root facilitation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian W. Kuppe ◽  
Guy J D Kirk ◽  
Matthias Wissuwa ◽  
Johannes A Postma
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Ph Changes ◽  
Novel Model

Upland rice (Oryza sativa) is adapted to strongly phosphorus (P) sorbing soils. The mechanisms underlying P acquisition, however, are not well understood, and models typically underestimate uptake. This complicates root ideotype development and trait-based selection for further improvement. We present a novel model, which correctly simulates the P uptake by a P-efficient rice genotype measured over 48 days of growth. The model represents root morphology at the local rhizosphere scale, including root hairs and fine S-type laterals. It simulates fast-and slowly reacting soil P and the P-solubilizing effect of root-induced pH changes in the soil. Simulations predict that the zone of pH changes and P solubilization around a root spreads further into the soil than the zone of P depletion. A root needs to place laterals outside its depletion-but inside its solubilization zone to maximize P uptake. S-type laterals, which are short but hairy, appear to be the key root structures to achieve that. Thus, thicker roots facilitate the P uptake by fine lateral roots. Uptake can be enhanced through longer root hairs and greater root length density but was less sensitive to total root length and root class proportions.

scholarly journals Kinetics of phosphorus uptake and root morphology of local and improved varieties of maize

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Torres de Toledo Machado ◽  
Ângela Maria Cangiani Furlani
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Maize Varieties

Interspecific and intraspecific differences in the efficiency of utilization of soil phosphorus (P) are explained, in part, by plant morphological and physiological variations, which characterize the plant for nutrient acquisition. As part of a study on maize genotypes characterization for P-uptake and use efficiency, kinetic parameters of P uptake and root morphological characters were evaluated for six local and improved maize varieties, grown in nutrient solution. The kinetic parameters related to P influx were: maximal transport rate (Vmax), the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km), and the external concentration when net uptake is zero (Cmin). Measured root morphological characters were: root length, radius, and surface area. Shoot and root dry matter yield and the P content in these parts were also determined. Diferences among varieties were observed in the kinetic parameters Vmax and Km, root length and in root/shoot dry matter ratio. Lower Km values were better indicatives of P uptake ability of the varietes and were significantly correlated to higher dry matter production and P-efficiency index.

The impact of biomass harvesting on phosphorus uptake by wetland plants

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
S-Y. Kim ◽  
P.M. Geary
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Biomass Harvesting ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total P ◽  
Better Than ◽  
P Removal

Two species of macrophytes, Baumea articulata and Schoenoplectus mucronatus, were examined for their capacity to remove phosphorus under nutrient-rich conditions. Forty large bucket systems with the two different species growing in two types of substrate received artificial wastewaters for nine months, simulating a constructed wetland (CW) under high loading conditions. Half of the plants growing in the topsoil and gravel substrates were periodically harvested whereas the other half remained intact. Plant tissue and substrate samples were regularly analysed to determine their phosphorus concentrations. With respect to phosphorus uptake and removal, the Schoenoplectus in the topsoil medium performed better than the Baumea. Biomass harvesting enhanced P uptake in the Schoenoplectus, however the effect was not significant enough to make an improvement on the overall P removal, due to the slow recovery of plants and regrowth of biomass after harvesting. From P partitioning, it was found that the topsoil medium was the major P pool, storing most of total P present in the system. Plant parts contributed only minor storage with approximately half of that P stored below ground in the plant roots. The overall net effect of harvesting plant biomass was to only remove less than 5% of total phosphorus present in the system.

scholarly journals   Effect of elevated CO2 and temperature on phosphorus efficiency of wheat grown in an Inceptisol of subtropical India

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 230-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj-Kumar ◽  
A. Swarup ◽  
A.K. Patra ◽  
J.U. Chandrakala ◽  
K.M. Manjaiah
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Efficiency ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
P Utilization

In a phytotron experiment, wheat was grown under two levels of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> [ambient (385 ppm) vs. elevated (650 ppm)], two levels of temperature (ambient vs. ambient +3&deg;C) superimposed with three levels of phosphorus (P) fertilization: 0, 100, and 200% of recommended dose. Various measures of P acquisition and utilization efficiency were estimated at crop maturity. In general, dry matter yields of all plant parts increased under elevated CO<sub>2</sub> (EC) and decreased under elevated temperature (ET); however, under concurrently elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and temperature (ECT), root (+36%) and leaf (+14.7%) dry weight increased while stem (&ndash;12.3%) and grain yield (&ndash;17.3%) decreased, leading to a non-significant effect on total biomass yield. Similarly, total P uptake increased under EC and decreased under ET, with an overall increase of 17.4% under ECT, signifying higher P requirements by plants grown thereunder. Although recovery efficiency of applied P fertilizer increased by 27%, any possible benefit of this increase was negated by the reduced physiological P efficiency (PPE) and P utilization efficiency (PUtE) under ECT. Overall, there was ~17% decline in P use efficiency (PUE) (i.e. grain yield/applied P) of wheat under ECT. &nbsp;

Soil phosphorus depletion capacity of arbuscular mycorrhizae formed by maize hybrids

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Liu ◽  
C. Hamel ◽  
S. H. Begna ◽  
B. L. Ma ◽  
D. L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
P Content ◽  
Total P ◽  
Extractable Soil

The ability of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to help their host plant absorb soil P is well known, but little attention has been paid to the effect of AM fungi on soil P depletion capacity. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to assess, under different P levels, the effects of mycorrhizae on extractable soil P and P uptake by maize hybrids with contrasting phenotypes. The experiment had three factors, including two mycorrhizal treatments (mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal), three P fertilizer rates (0, 40, and 80 mg kg-1) and three maize hybrids [leafy normal stature (LNS), leafy reduced stature (LRS) and a conventional hybrid, Pioneer 3979 (P3979)]. Extractable soil P was determined after 3, 6 and 9 wk of maize growth. Plant biomass, P concentration and total P content were also determined after 9 wk of growth. Fertilization increased soil extractable P, plant biomass, P concentration in plants and total P uptake. In contrast to P3979, the LNS and LRS hybrids had higher biomass and total P content when mycorrhizal. Mycorrhizae had less influence on soil extractable P than on total P uptake by plants. The absence of P fertilization increased the importance of AM fungi for P uptake, which markedly reduced soil extractable P under AM plants during growth. This effect was strongest for LNS, the most mycorrhizae-dependent hybrid, intermediate for LRS, and not significant for the commercial hybrid P3979, which did not respond to AM inoculation. Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, extraradical hyphae, maize hybrid,plant biomass, P uptake, soil extractable P

Responses to phosphorus among barley genotypes

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 574
Author(s):  
G. K. McDonald ◽  
J. D. Taylor ◽  
X. Gong ◽  
W. Bovill
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Small Contribution ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Normalised Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Utilisation Efficiency ◽  
Barley Genotypes ◽  
Total P

Genetic improvement in phosphorus (P) use efficiency (i.e. the ratio of biomass or yield at nil P to that at a given rate of application) is an important goal to improve P recovery and P efficiency of farming systems. Experiments were conducted at three sites in South Australia between 2009 and 2011 to characterise genetic variation in yield with no applied P and in the response to P fertiliser among a diverse range of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes. In each experiment, 39–54 genotypes were grown at 0 or 30 kg P/ha. Responses to P were measured near the beginning of stem elongation by using normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) and by harvesting the grain. Rhizosheath size was also measured on seedlings. Consistent differences in growth and yield at 0 kg P/ha were measured among the genotypes. By contrast, there were large environmental effects on responses to P, but some genotypes showed consistent responses. Measurements of growth, yield and P uptake on a subset of genotypes showed that most of the variation in biomass and yield could be attributed to variation in P-uptake efficiency (net total P uptake per unit available P) rather than to P-utilisation efficiency (biomass or yield per unit total P uptake). The size of the rhizosheath made a small contribution to variation in NDVI but not grain yield, suggesting that rhizosheath size may be of some benefit to early growth but that this does not persist through to yield. Genetic correlations between NDVI and yield were often weak but were generally positive at 0 kg P/ha. Correlations between responses in NDVI and responses in grain yield were low and often negative. The study identified several barley genotypes that showed consistent differences in yield at low P and responses to P; however, selection for P efficiency based solely on responses in vegetative growth may not be appropriate. Variation in P uptake appeared to be more important than P-utilisation efficiency for P efficiency in barley.

Corrigendum to: Genetic mapping of basal root gravitropism and phosphorus acquisition efficiency in common bean

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Liao ◽  
Xiaolong Yan ◽  
Gerardo Rubio ◽  
Steve E. Beebe ◽  
Matthew W. Blair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Interval Mapping ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Root Gravitropism

Root gravitropism determines the relative distribution of plant roots in different soil layers, and therefore, may influence the acquisition of shallow soil resources such as phosphorus (P). Growth pouch and field studies were conducted to evaluate root gravitropism of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in response to P deficiency and to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with this trait. A deep-rooted genotype, DOR364, was crossed with a shallow-rooted genotype, G19833, to obtain 86 F5.7 recombinant inbred lines (RILs). Root gravitropic traits were measured as basal root growth angle (BRGA), shallow basal root length (SBRL, basal root length in the top 0-3 cm of soil) and relative shallow basal root length (RSBRL, percentage of basal root length in the top 0-3 cm of soil relative to total basal root length). Large genetic variability for these traits was found in the parents and RILs, with BRGA ranging from -18.73 to 56.69� and SBRL ranging from 0.42 to 2.63 m per plant. The parents and six RILs with contrasting root gravitropism were further evaluated in the field, where root shallowness was significantly correlated with plant growth and P uptake. QTL were detected by single point analysis (SPA), interval mapping (IM) and composite interval mapping (CIM) techniques with a genetic map for the DOR364 � G19833 population consisting of 236 molecular markers. The IM�/�CIM QTL were detected among the 11 linkage groups of common bean, with 16 QTL controlling the above root traits and six QTL controlling P acquisition efficiency (PAE) in the field study. At least three of the root trait QTL were associated with QTL for PAE, suggesting that root gravitropic traits are associated with PAE and that QTL for these traits can be used to facilitate selection and breeding for higher P efficiency in common bean and other crops.

SHORT-TERM FLOODING OF SOIL: ITS EFFECT ON THE COMPOSITION OF GAS AND WATER PHASES OF SOIL AND ON PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE OF CORN

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. SHEARD ◽  
A. J. LEYSHON
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Dissolved Gases ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Laboratory Procedure ◽  
Fe And Mn ◽  
Normal Diffusion ◽  
Total P

A laboratory procedure and apparatus design are described for the sampling of the soil solution and dissolved gases below the surface of a flooded soil without disturbance of the soil or the normal diffusion process. Ethylene and CO2 concentration increased in the dissolved gases of a flooded Maryhill loam (Ortho Humic Gleysol) as the duration of flooding increased from zero to 17 days and the redox potential (Eh) decreased. Soluble Fe and Mn slowly increased as the Eh decreased. The addition of NO3-N depressed ethylene formation and the release of soluble Fe and Mn. The addition of sucrose rapidly eliminated NO3-N from the soil solution, reduced the Eh to −330 mV, stimulated ethylene and CO2 formation, and further solubilized Fe and Mn. The accumulation of dry weight, total P and fertilizer P concentrations in corn were reduced by flooding soil for periods up to 12 days. The measurement of Eh, gases and Fe and Mn in the soil solution suggest that ethylene accumulation and O2 depletion were involved in the reduction of fertilizer P uptake.

scholarly journals Significance of root hairs at the field scale – modelling root water and phosphorus uptake under different field conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 447 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 281-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ruiz ◽  
N. Koebernick ◽  
S. Duncan ◽  
D. McKay Fletcher ◽  
C. Scotson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uptake Rate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background and aims Root hairs play a significant role in phosphorus (P) extraction at the pore scale. However, their importance at the field scale remains poorly understood. Methods This study uses a continuum model to explore the impact of root hairs on the large-scale uptake of P, comparing root hair influence under different agricultural scenarios. High vs low and constant vs decaying P concentrations down the soil profile are considered, along with early vs late precipitation scenarios. Results Simulation results suggest root hairs accounted for 50% of total P uptake by plants. Furthermore, a delayed initiation time of precipitation potentially limits the P uptake rate by over 50% depending on the growth period. Despite the large differences in the uptake rate, changes in the soil P concentration in the domain due to root solute uptake remains marginal when considering a single growth season. However, over the duration of 6 years, simulation results showed that noticeable differences arise over time. Conclusion Root hairs are critical to P capture, with uptake efficiency potentially enhanced by coordinating irrigation with P application during earlier growth stages of crops.

scholarly journals Increased planting density of Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus) weakens phosphorus uptake advantage by rapeseed (Brassica napus) in a mixed cropping system

AoB Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deshan Zhang ◽  
Hongbo Li ◽  
Zishi Fu ◽  
Shumei Cai ◽  
Sixin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Mixed Cropping ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Chinese Milk Vetch

Abstract Neighbouring plants can affect plant growth through altering root morphological and physiological traits, but how exactly root systems respond to neighbouring plants with varied density, determining nutrient uptake and shoot growth is poorly understood. In a pot-based experiment, rapeseed was grown alone (single rapeseed), or mixed with 3, 6, or 15 Chinese milk vetch plants. As controls, monocropped Chinese milk vetch was grown at the same planting density, 3, 6, or 15 plants per pot. Root interaction between rapeseed and Chinese milk vetch facilitated phosphorus (P) uptake in rapeseed grown with 3 plants of Chinese milk vetch. As the planting density of Chinese milk vetch in mixture increased, there was a decrease in citrate concentration and acid phosphatase activity but an increase in the total root length of Chinese milk vetch per pot, resulting in decreases in rapeseed root biomass, total root length and P uptake when rapeseed was grown with 6 or 15 Chinese milk vetch plants relative to rapeseed grown with 3 plants. These results demonstrate that the enhanced nutrient utilization induced by root interaction at low planting densities was eliminated by the increased planting density of the legume species in rapeseed/Chinese milk vetch mixed cropping system, suggesting that root/rhizosphere management through optimizing legume planting density is important for improving crop productivity and nutrient-use efficiency.

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