Underrow Ripping of Peanuts in Virginia1

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
F. S. Wright ◽  
D. M. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Tillage Operation ◽  
Peanut Production ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
Seedbed Preparation

Abstract The effects of underrow ripping on peanut yields have been studied for several years along with other tillage production practices. In this study, tillage treatments included no ripping and ripping under the plant row in combination with four methods of seedbed preparation. The bed preparations were prepared flat (conventionally), with a rotary tiller and bed shaper, with a disk bedder, and with a rolling cultivator. Test plots were planted at different locations each year to assess different soil conditions. To evaluate these tillage treatments, yield, grade, value, and incidence of pod breakdown were recorded. Results indicated that underrow ripping compared to not ripping directly under the plant row adversely affected crop yield and value in some soil conditions but had no effect in other soil conditions. Peanut roots penetrated the subsoil region even in soil types with an A2 layer. Under-row ripping appeared to enhance the incidence of pod breakdown, caused by Pythium myriotylum and Rhizoctonia solani. It does not appear to be an advantageous tillage operation to use in peanut production systems for southeast Virginia based on these responses and the additional energy required to perform the operation.

Irrigation and Tillage Effects on Peanut Yield in Virginia1

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. S. Wright ◽  
D. M. Porter ◽  
N. L. Powell ◽  
B. B. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Sclerotinia Blight ◽  
Tillage Operation ◽  
Peanut Production ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Seedbed Preparation

Abstract During crop years 1980–1983, a field study was conducted in southeastern Virginia on a Norfolk loamy fine sand soil to evaluate the effect of irrigation, underrow ripping, and seedbed preparation methods on peanut yields. The seedbeds were prepared conventionally (flat), with a rotary tiller and bed shaper, with a disk bedder, and with a rolling cultivator. Irrigation increased peanut yield only for crop year 1980 peanuts when there was a severe drought. Irrigation decreased yields for the other 3 years when rainfall was near normal. Some of the decrease in yields with irrigation can be attributed to an increase in the severity of several diseases including leafspot, pod rot, and Sclerotinia blight. Underrow ripping and seedbed preparation methods had no significant effect on yield and crop values. The effect of an interaction between underrow ripping and irrigation was indicated. Results from this study and previous studies indicated that underrow ripping does not appear to be an advantageous tillage operation for use in peanut production systems in the Virginia-Carolina area. Comparisons of seedbed preparation methods do not suggest that one method was superior to another method. The inconsistent trends in seedbed methods between years can be attributed to elements other than irrigation or underrow ripping treatments. Further studies need to define irrigation methods and amount of irrigation water to apply for efficient peanut production.

Controlled traffic to increase productivity of irrigated row crops in the semi-arid tropics

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 503 ◽  
Author(s):  
MV Braunack ◽  
JE McPhee ◽  
DJ Reid
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Lateral Spread ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Seedbed Preparation ◽  
Cone Index ◽  
Controlled Traffic

The tropical environment generally allows 2 crops/year to be grown. Controlled traffic has been suggested as a means of improving soil conditions, which may also lead to increased crop yield. A field trial at Millaroo Research Station, North Queensland, on a cracking clay (Entic Chromustert) studied the effect of controlled traffic (in conjunction with direct drilling and tillage) and conventional ridging on soil properties and crop yield. Maize (Zea mays L. cv. Hybrid 50) was grown as the winter crop and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Canapolis] as the summer crop. With few exceptions, there was no significant difference between any pair of treatments in sowing line water content, bulk density, aggregate size distribution, seedling emergence, mean time of seedling emergence, and final yield. Differences that did occur between crop cycles were due to climatic variation. Cone index measurements indicated no lateral spread of compaction from the traffic lanes in the controlled traffic system to the soil in the plant growth area. Under the ridged area, however, it appeared that a plough pan began to develop just below the depth of tillage. Although no marked benefit in soil properties or plant yield resulted from controlled traffic, it was possible to grow 2 crops/year for the duration of the experiment. In one season, only the controlled traffic treatments could be planted, due to unsuitable conditions for seedbed preparation. Double cropping under conventional cultivation systems is unreliable, due to the limited opportunity for seedbed preparation at the beginning of the wet season and the large number (up to 8) of operations required to prepare a seedbed. Controlled traffic, restricting soil compaction to the traffic lanes, is a system that helps to maintain a zone more favourable for plant growth, as indicated by the cone index measurements.

Soil types and direct drilling—a provisional assessment

1975 ◽  
Vol 8 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 233-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Factors ◽  
Component System ◽  
Probability Of Success ◽  
Direct Drilling ◽  
Practical Field

An attempt has been made, for British conditions, to identify the soil conditions and characters which influence the long term success of direct drilling and a provisional “probability of success” classification of soils for direct drilling under practical field conditions has been constructed. It is emphasized that, in the field, the final result in terms of crop yield depends upon the interaction of a three-component system involving climatic and management factors as well as soil factors.

scholarly journals ‘B-M MODEL’ FOR FARMERS’ KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN INCREASING RICE PRODUCTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-45
Author(s):  
BK Mahalder ◽  
◽  
MB Ahmed ◽  
H Bhandari ◽  
MU Salam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Practice Change ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
The Difference

Quantifying knowledge on agriculture can have many benefits to stakeholders. While many knowledge-based systems exist in modern days for farmers’ decision support, specific models are lacking on how knowledge traits can impact on agricultural production systems. This study employed modelling technique, supported by field data, to provide a clear understanding and quantifying how knowledge management in production practices can contribute to rice productivity in the environmentally stressed southwest Bangladesh. This research accounted for ‘Boro’ rice as the target crop and ‘BRRI dhan28’ as the test variety. The ‘B-M Model’ was developed following the principle and procedure from published literature, ‘brainstorming’ and data from field surveys. Three knowledge management traits (KMT) were defined and quantified as the inputs of the model. Those are: self-experience and observation (SEO), extension advisory services (EAS) and accessed information sources (AIS). The yield influencing process (YIP), the intermediate state variable of the model, was deduced by accounting for the two dominant agronomic practices, seedling age for transplanting and triple superphosphate (TSP) application. ‘Knowledge drives farmers’ practice change which in turn influences yield’ was composed as the theoretical framework of the ‘B-M Model’. The model performed strongly against an independently collected field data set. Across the 180 farmers’ data, the average relative rice yield (RRY) predicted by the model (0.705) and observed in the field (0.716) was close (root mean squared deviation (RMSD) = 0.018). The difference between predicted and observed RRY was not statistically different (LSD = 0.03), indicating the model fully captured the field data. A regression of predicted and observed RRY explained 96% variance in observation, further proving the model’s strength in estimating RRY in a wider range of farmers’ rice yield. In a normative analysis, the practicality and usefulness of the model to stakeholders were simulated for the understanding of how much achievable yield could be expected by changing farmers’ knowledge pool (the sum of three KMT) on rice production practices, and at what combination(s) of KMT to be considered at strategic hierarchy to materialize a targeted achievable yield. To the best of the knowledge, a model quantifying rice yield in relation to knowledge management trait does not exist in literature. Upon successful testing under diverse yield scenarios using multiple and sophisticated statistical tools that enhanced the credibility of the model, it is concluded that the model has the potential to be used for identifying quantitative pathways of farmers’ knowledge acquisition for practice change leading to improved productivity of rice in the southwest region of Bangladesh.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROTECTIVE MEASURES AGAINST TOMATO BACTERIAL WILT IN PROTECTED SOIL CONDITIONS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Ivanova ◽  
◽  
I. S. Barashkova
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Biological Agents ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Disease Manifestation ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Production Experience ◽  
Tomato Bacterial Wilt

The article presents the results of production experience on evaluating the effectiveness of chemical and biological protective measures against tomato bacterial wilt in protected soil. During the research, the influence of biological agents and pesticides on the diseased plants growth rate in greenhouses, the disease manifestation intensity, and crop yield was revealed.

Crop management: principles and practices.

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-123
Author(s):  
Dennis B. Egli
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Variety Selection

Abstract This chapter discusses planting-seed quality, variety selection, plant population, planting date and row spacing. The goal of crop management is to create the perfect environment for the growth of the crop, where the perfect environment is characterized by the absence of stress or other factors that reduce crop growth and yield. This goal may be impossible or uneconomical to achieve, but that does not detract from its usefulness as a goal. The management practices discussed in this chapter are fundamental components of grain production systems that contribute to reaching the goal of the perfect environment. There are many management options available to an individual producer; selecting the best combination is not always easy and it may be constrained by factors outside the realm of the physiological processes controlling crop yield.

scholarly journals Magnesium Fertilization Improves Crop Yield in Most Production Systems: A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Wang ◽  
Mahmood Ul Hassan ◽  
Faisal Nadeem ◽  
Liangquan Wu ◽  
Fusuo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Meta Analysis

Soil Physical Properties, Nitrogen, and Crop Yield in Organic Vegetable Production Systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 1142-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig G. Cogger ◽  
Andy I. Bary ◽  
Elizabeth A. Myhre ◽  
Ann-Marie Fortuna ◽  
Doug P. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Organic Vegetable Production

scholarly journals Traditional Pollarding Practices for Dimorphic Ash Tree (Fraxinus dimorpha) Support Soil Fertility in the Moroccan High Atlas

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 334
Author(s):  
Abdessamad Fakhech ◽  
Didier Genin ◽  
Mohamed Ait-El-Mokhtar ◽  
El Mustapha Outamamat ◽  
Soufiane M’Sou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Management ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
High Atlas ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bare Soils ◽  
Kjeldahl Nitrogen

Shaping and pollarding of dimorphic ash tree (Fraxinus dimorpha) are two traditional practices used by the local inhabitants in agropastoral parklands of the Moroccan High Atlas to secure their production systems and increase tree production and strength. This study focused on assessing the impact of these practices on soil quality. Abiotic parameters and mycorrhizal attributes of the samples of four soil types related to different ash tree morphotypes were assessed and compared. Rhizospheric soils (Rs) of three F. dimorpha morphotypes were sampled: trees regularly pollarded and shaped for stem anastomosis (An), regularly pollarded multistemmed trees (Na), and multistemmed trees belonging to a public forest under national forestry service management and sporadically illegally pollarded (Fo). The fourth soil was a non-Rs found in bare soils, which represented the control (Nr). Results showed a sizable difference between An soil properties and the other soil types ones, with significantly higher phosphorus (×6), nitrogen (×5), and carbon (×2) levels and higher mycorrhizal (×6) status than Nr soil, and showed 37% more mycorrhization intensity than Fo. Na showed intermediary levels between An and Fo. Fo had ×2 P, ×3 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN), 58% more Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content, and twice the spore density compared with Nr. It is concluded that shaping and pollarding have a positive impact on the soil characteristics of the studied species and could make a useful contribution to sound agroforest management schemes.

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