scholarly journals Influence of Digging Date and Fungicide Program on Canopy Defoliation and Pod Yield of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danésha S. Carley ◽  
David L. Jordan ◽  
Barbara B. Shew ◽  
Turner B. Sutton ◽  
L. Cecil Dharmasri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Weekly Schedule ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Program Effects ◽  
General Recommendation

Abstract Although response can be variable and is dependant upon many factors, digging peanut as little as 1 wk prior to or 1 wk following optimum maturity can result in substantial reductions in pod yield. While growers often assume that harvest should be initiated prior to optimum maturity in fields with high levels of canopy defoliation, there is no clear threshold where gains in pod weight and grade are offset by losses due to pod shedding. Moreover, yield loss relationships for foliar diseases have not been characterized for modern virginia market-type cultivars. Determining interactions between digging date and peanut canopy defoliation would assist growers and their advisors in making more informed decisions on when to initiate harvest to avoid yield loss. Research conducted from 2004–2005 in North Carolina established a range of defoliation levels in a total of seven fields. Fungicides were applied on a bi-weekly schedule from early July through mid-September, or were applied two times in July, or were not applied. Plots were dug early, 6 to 12 days before estimated optimum maturity, or at optimum maturity, as determined by the hull-scrape method. Although interactions between digging date and fungicide program were found in some cases, digging date and fungicide program effects often varied independently. A general recommendation of the percentage of canopy defoliation justifying early digging to prevent yield loss could not be determined from this research. However, data from these experiments reinforce the value of controlling early leaf spot, late leaf spot, and web blotch with timely fungicide applications and the importance of digging at optimum pod maturation for more recently released virginia market-type peanut.

Influence of Broadleaf Weeds on Chlorothalonil Deposition, Foliar Disease Incidence, and Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Yield

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley S. Royal ◽  
Barry J. Brecke ◽  
Frederick M. Shokes ◽  
Daniel L. Colvin
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Foliar Disease ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Weed Plants

Field experiments were conducted at Jay and Marianna, FL in 1988 and 1989 to determine the effects of sicklepod, Florida beggarweed, and common cocklebur density on chlorothalonil deposition to peanut foliage, peanut foliar disease incidence, and peanut yield. At a density of four weed plants per 8 m of row, Florida beggarweed and sicklepod reduced chlorothalonil deposition on peanut foliage by 20%, while common cocklebur reduced fungicide deposition by 34%. At the same density, incidence of the foliar diseases early leaf spot and late leaf spot increased 10% with Florida beggarweed, 14% with sicklepod, and 20% with common cocklebur compared with weed-free peanut. The predicted peanut yield loss from a weed density of four plants per 8 m was 16 to 19% for Florida beggarweed, 23 to 25% for sicklepod, and 31 to 39% for common cocklebur. Weed biomass increased with increasing weed density.

scholarly journals SSR analysis of cultivated groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) germplasm resistant to rust and late leaf spot diseases

Euphytica ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 152 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Mace ◽  
D. T. Phong ◽  
H. D. Upadhyaya ◽  
S. Chandra ◽  
J. H. Crouch
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Ssr Analysis ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

scholarly journals Resistance to late leaf spot and rust diseases in ICRISAT’s mini core collection of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 557-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sudini ◽  
Hari D. Upadhyaya ◽  
S. V. Reddy ◽  
U. Naga Mangala ◽  
A. Rathore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Core Collection ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Mini Core Collection ◽  
Rust Diseases ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

scholarly journals Recovery of Valencia Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Traits in Early Segregating and Promising Late Leaf Spot Resistant Populations

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Wilder Wambi
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Diverse Population ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Backcross Population ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Opportunity For Selection

In Uganda, there are no Valencia varieties that are resistant to leaf spot diseases. Introgression of resistance genes into elite lines is always associated with the transfer of undesirable traits from the donor parents. Knowledge of the degree of genetic relationship provides breeders with a more efficient way to identify populations of potential relevance for their plant improvement programs. The objective of this study was to determine the recovery of Valencia groundnut traits in the early segregating and promising late leaf spot (LLS) resistant populations. Four crosses between Valencia lines (P1) and donor lines (P2) were made. The populations that included F1, F2, BC1P1 and BC1P2, together with their parents (P1and P2) of each of the four crosses namely, Valencia C (P1) × ICGV-SM 02501 (P2), Valencia C (P1) × SGV-07009 (P2), NuMex-M3 (P1) × ICGV-SM 02501 (P2) and Redbeauty (P1) × ICGV-SM 03590 (P2) were evaluated. Cluster analysis revealed differences among the generations for the traits analysed with major and sub-clusters, implying that the generations of crosses formed a genetically diverse population that offers possible opportunity for selection. In the cross between NuMex-M3 X ICGV-SM 02501, the populations BC1P1 and F2, exhibited higher (80 %) recovery of the recurrent parental (NuMex-M3) traits. Similarly, the backcross population (BC1P1) to the susceptible elite variety of the Valencia C X ICGV-SM 02501 cross recovered approximately 75% of the recurrent parental traits Valencia C with lower LLS disease score. Such populations could result in higher gain in Valencia traits and LLS resistance when utilized the breeding program. For maximum gain in LLS resistance and recovery of Valencia traits, more selfing and backcrossing can be performed to fix the genes for LLS resistance as well those of Valencia characteristics. Keywords: cluster analysis; Arachis hypogaea; diverse populations

scholarly journals Evaluation of Improved Valencia Peanut Varieties for Production in Haiti

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
A.M. Fulmer ◽  
T.B. Brenneman ◽  
R.C. Kemerait ◽  
R. Macajoux ◽  
D.A. Carroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Cercosporidium Personatum ◽  
Central Plateau ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Puccinia Arachidis ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Plot Design

ABSTRACT Late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personatum) and peanut rust (Puccinia arachidis) are the most important diseases of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Haiti. Traditional Haitian peanut varieties are not only susceptible to these diseases but are also typically grown without benefit of a fungicide program. Five trials were conducted from 2015 to 2017 to evaluate the performance of six Valencia varieties in Quartier-Morin, Haiti (with an additional trial in 2017 at the Central Plateau) with respect to yield, resistance to rust and leaf spot diseases, and response to a fungicide program. A split-plot design with four or six replications was used in these studies. In each, “variety” was the whole plot and presence or absence of a fungicide program was the subplot. Valencia market types 309 Red, 309 Tan, M2, M3, SGV0801 and a local landrace were compared with and without Muscle ADV (tebuconazole + chlorothalonil, Sipcam) (2.3 L/ha) applied at 45, 60 and 75 days after planting (DAP). Final disease ratings (late leaf spot and peanut rust) were assessed approximately 94 DAP and plots were harvested the day following. In all trials, 309 Tan variety had the least amount of leaf spot and rust, but resulted in the lowest yield in four out of five trials, averaging 1727 kg/ha across fungicide treatments. M3, M2 and 309 Red were generally the numerically highest-yielding varieties, averaging 2906, 2864 and 2541 kg/ha across fungicide treatments, respectively, but were not statistically higher than the local Haitian Valencia, averaging 2374 kg/ha. Three fungicide applications during the season significantly increased yields in most trials for all varieties except 309 Tan. The highest and lowest average increase in yield from fungicide was for 309 Red (1126 kg/ha) and 309 Tan (103 kg/ha), respectively. The results from this study conducted over 2 years and 4 seasons document that while resistance to late leaf spot and rust is available in Valencia varieties, yield potential is not directly associated with that resistance. Also, use of fungicide improves yield potential in more susceptible varieties.

scholarly journals Identification of novel QTLs for late leaf spot resistance and validation of a major rust QTL in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

3 Biotech ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhail Ahmad ◽  
Bhagwat Nawade ◽  
Chandramohan Sangh ◽  
Gyan P. Mishra ◽  
Tejas C. Bosamia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Late Leaf Spot Resistance

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Response to Bradyrhizobia Inoculant Applied In-furrow with Agrichemicals

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Jordan ◽  
P. Dewayne Johnson ◽  
Rick L. Brandenburg ◽  
Joel Faircloth
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Commercial Fertilizer ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Biological Nitrogen ◽  
Fertilizer Solutions

Abstract Bradyrhizobia is often applied in the seed furrow when peanut is planted to ensure nodulation and subsequent biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). Several fungicides, insecticides, and fertilizer solutions are registered for in-furrow application in peanut while others or currently being evaluated for possible use. The effect of these products on efficacy of Bradyrhizobia inoculant has not been thoroughly investigated. Research was conducted in North Carolina and Virginia to determine peanut response to in-furrow application of Bradyrhizobia inoculant alone or with the fungicides azoxystrobin, boscalid, pyraclostrobin, propiconazole plus trifloxystrobin, and tebuconazole; the insecticide imidacloprid; and the commercial fertilizer Asset® RTU. Peanut yield did not differ in three experiments during 2002 when inoculant was applied alone or with the fungicides azoxystrobin, boscalid, pyraclostrobin, propiconazole plus trifloxystrobin, or tebuconazole. In experiments from 2004–2007, pod yield was lower when inoculant was applied with azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, tebuconazole, and fertilizer in three of 11, six of 11, three of 8, and three of 11 experiments, respectively, when compared with inoculant alone. Imidacloprid did not affect peanut yield. Pod yield was not improved by any of the fungicide, insecticide, or fertilizer treatments when compared with inoculant alone. These experiments (2004–2007) were conducted in fields without previous peanut plantings or where rotations were long enough to minimize disease incidence. Although benefits of disease control were not defined in these experiments, these data suggest that adverse effects on inoculant can occur when co-applied with azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, tebuconazole, and fertilizer.

scholarly journals Influence of Adjuvants on Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Response to Prohexadione Calcium

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Jordan ◽  
C. W. Swann ◽  
A. S. Culpepper ◽  
A. C. York
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Calcium Salt ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium ◽  
Concentrate Urea

Abstract Research has demonstrated that prohexadione calcium (calcium salt of 3,5-dioxo-4-propionylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid) retards vegetative growth of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and in some cases increases pod yield, the percentage of extra large kernels, market value ($/kg), and gross value ($/ha). Spray adjuvants such as crop oil concentrate and nitrogen solution most likely will be recommended for application with prohexadione calcium. However, efficacy of prohexadione calcium applied with adjuvants has not been conclusively determined. Twelve experiments were conducted in North Carolina and Virginia during 1997 and 1998 to determine peanut response to prohexadione calcium applied with crop oil concentrate, urea ammonium nitrate, or a mixture of these adjuvants. Applying prohexadione calcium with urea ammonium nitrate, either alone or with crop oil concentrate, increased row visibility and shorter main stems compared with nontreated peanut or prohexadione calcium applied with crop oil concentrate. Prohexadione calcium increased pod yield, the percentage of extra large kernels, and gross value of peanut in seven of 12 experiments regardless of adjuvant when compared with nontreated peanut. Pod yield, the percentage of extra large kernels, and gross value of peanut were not affected in the other experiments. Prohexadione calcium did not affect the percentage of total sound mature kernels, the percentage of other kernels, or market value in any of the experiments regardless of adjuvant.

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