Peanut Response to Naturally-Derived Herbicides Used in Organic Crop Production

Abstract Weed-free irrigated trials were conducted in 2004 and 2005 to quantify phytotoxic effects of herbicides with the potential to be used in organic peanut production. Clove oil and citric plus acetic acid were each applied at vegetative emergence of peanut (VE), two weeks after VE (2 wk), four weeks after VE (4 wk), sequentially VE/2 wk, sequentially VE/4 wk, sequentially VE/2 wk/4 wk, and a nontreated control. Clove oil was more injurious (maximum of 28% visual injury) than citric plus acetic acid (maximum of 4% visual injury), with significant injury occurring with clove oil applied at 4-wk or sequentially. Citric plus acetic acid caused minimal peanut injury. There were no consistent effects of clove oil on peanut yield, although sequential applications of clove oil tended to reduce peanut yield. Peanut yield was not affected by citric plus acetic acid.

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Phytotoxicity of Delayed Applications of Dinitroaniline Herbicides in Strip-Tillage Peanut Production

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/ps10-20.1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 57-60

Author(s):

W. Carroll Johnson ◽

E. P. Prostko ◽

Jerry Davis

Keyword(s):

Field Trials ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Timely Manner ◽

Late Season ◽

Phytotoxic Effects ◽

Peanut Production ◽

Strip Tillage ◽

Yield Responses ◽

Significant Injury ◽

Dinitroaniline Herbicides

Abstract Dinitroaniline herbicides are typically applied preplant incorporated or preemergence (PRE) immediately after seeding peanut. Situations frequently arise where dinitroaniline herbicides are not applied in a timely manner in strip-tillage peanut production. In these cases, dinitroaniline herbicides are be applied several days or weeks after seeding peanut. Weed-free, irrigated field trials were conducted in Tifton, GA in 2004 and 2005 to evaluate the phytotoxic effects of delayed applications of ethalfluralin and pendimethalin on peanut. Both herbicides were applied PRE, at vegetative emergence (VE), 1wk after vegetative emergence (VE+1wk), VE+2wk, VE+3wk, VE+4wk, and included a nontreated control. Dinitroaniline herbicides neither visually injured peanut nor affected foliage biomass collected at mid- and late-season. Timing of herbicide application did not consistently affect peanut vegetative growth. Pod biomass was reduced by dinitroaniline herbicides applied VE+3wk when measured mid-season, but recovered late-season. Across all application timings, ethalfluralin reduced peanut yield compared to pendimethalin. Across both dinitroaniline herbicides, peanut yields were reduced when herbicides were applied at VE. These data show that visual estimates of peanut response to dinitroaniline herbicides may not detect subtle phytotoxic effects. The data also suggests that pod biomass and yield responses may be difficult to predict. However, there is potential for significant injury if peanut are treated with delayed applications of dinitroaniline herbicides in strip-tillage peanut production. In contrast, PRE applications are not injurious to strip-tillage peanut and must be a priority to ensure crop safety.

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Potential Weed Management Systems for Organic Peanut Production

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/ps01-007.1 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 67-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

W. Carroll Johnson ◽

Benjamin G. Mullinix

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Weed Control ◽

Weed Management ◽

Management Systems ◽

Clove Oil ◽

Poor Control ◽

Early Season ◽

Annual Grasses ◽

Peanut Production ◽

Four Levels

Abstract Studies were conducted near Tifton, GA to develop weed management systems for organic peanut production. Trials in 2004 and 2005 evaluated row patterns (two levels), remedial weed control (four levels), and cultivation (three levels). Row patterns were wide rows (91 cm apart) and narrow rows (30 cm apart). Remedial weed control was early-season applications of clove oil, citric plus acetic acid, broadcast propane flaming, and a nontreated control. Cultivation regimes were 1X or 2X sweep cultivation and a non-cultivated control. The experimental sites had heavy natural infestations of annual grasses and broadleaf weeds. None of the treatment combinations effectively controlled weeds season-long and resulting peanut yields were poor. Annual grasses were particularly troublesome due to ineffective control from flaming and citric plus acetic acid. Clove oil was slightly more effective in controlling annual grasses than the other remedial treatments, but annual grass control was still unacceptable. Dicot weeds were not effectively controlled by mid-season, although clove oil and flaming controlled the seedling weeds early season. The lack of residual weed control by the remedial weed control treatments resulted in heavy weed infestations by mid-season. Poor control of annual grasses, no residual weed control, and high cost of remedial treatments indicates that these systems of weed management in organic peanut production are not suited to sites with heavy weed infestations.

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The main directions of scientific support for the implementation of the system of organic farming in Ukraine

Interdepartmental thematic scientific collection "Agriculture" ◽

10.31073/zem.90.22-24 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (90) ◽

pp. 22-24

Author(s):

V.F. Kaminskyi ◽

S.G. Korsun

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Organic Farming ◽

Crop Production ◽

Land Ownership ◽

Scientific Support ◽

Speed Up ◽

Organic Crop Production ◽

Advanced Production ◽

And Training ◽

Organizational Issue

The aim of this work was to study the basic directions of scientific support introduction of organic farming in Ukraine. The study used methods of comparison, synthesis, analysis, induction and deduction. The article indicated on the main areas that need special attention from researchers and suggests one possible mechanism to remove the remaining obstacles to organizational issue introduction of scientific developments in the production of organic and training areas. This can speed up the creation of new and manage existing land ownership and land use organic farming with the introduction of advanced production technology of organic crop production.

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Efficacy Comparison of Some New Natural-Product Herbicides for Weed Control at Two Growth Stages

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-08-185.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 431-437 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Hussein F. H. Abouziena ◽

Ahmad A. M. Omar ◽

Shiv D. Sharma ◽

Megh Singh

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Citric Acid ◽

Natural Product ◽

Weed Control ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Clove Oil ◽

Yellow Nutsedge ◽

Natural Herbicides ◽

Redroot Pigweed ◽

Wild Mustard

There is an urgent need to accelerate the development and implementation of effective organic-compliant herbicides that are environmentally safe and that help the producer meet increasing consumer demand for organic products. Therefore, greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of acetic acid (5%), acetic acid (30%), citric acid (10%), citric acid (5%) + garlic (0.2%), citric acid (10%) + garlic (0.2%), clove oil (45.6%), and corn gluten meal (CGM) compounds as natural-product herbicides for weed control. The herbicides were applied to the broadleaf weeds stranglervine, wild mustard, black nightshade, sicklepod, velvetleaf, and redroot pigweed and to narrowleaf weeds crowfootgrass, Johnsongrass, annual ryegrass, goosegrass, green foxtail, and yellow nutsedge. The herbicides were applied POST at two weed growth stages, namely, two to four and four to six true-leaf stages. CGM was applied PPI in two soil types. Citric acid (5%) + garlic (0.2%) had the greatest control (98%) of younger broadleaf weeds, followed by acetic acid (30%) > CGM > citric acid (10%) > acetic acid (5%) > citric acid (10%) + garlic (0.2%), and clove oil. Wild mustard was most sensitive to these herbicides, whereas redroot pigweed was the least sensitive. Herbicides did not control narrowleaf weeds except for acetic acid (30%) when applied early POST (EPOST) and CGM. Acetic acid (30%) was phytotoxic to all broadleaf weeds and most narrowleaf weeds when applied EPOST. Delayed application until the four- to six-leaf stage significantly reduced efficacy; acetic acid was less sensitive to growth stage than other herbicides. These results will help to determine effective natural herbicides for controlling weeds in organic farming.

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Trading quality and breadmaking performance of wheat treated with natural zeolite and diatomaceous earth

Acta periodica technologica ◽

10.2298/apt1142001b ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marija Bodroza-Solarov ◽

Petar Kljajic ◽

Goran Andric ◽

Marijana Prazic-Golic ◽

Bojana Filipcev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Zeolite ◽

Crop Production ◽

Diatomaceous Earth ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Insect Pest Control ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Flour Properties ◽

Organic Crop Production ◽

Certified Organic

The aim of study was to investigate the influence of naturally occurring zeolite and diatomaceous earth, as inert dusts approved for insect pest control in certified organic crop production, on trading and breadmaking quality of treated wheat. The treatments significantly reduced the trading quality of wheat which was reflected through lowering of test weight. This effect was more marked in the case of low-vitreous wheat rather than in high-vitreous one. Investigation of rheological properties of flours made from the treated wheat demonstrated that treatments with natural zeolite and diatomaceous earth at all applied doses significantly increased the water absorption, which consequently increased the bread yield. However, these changes in the flour properties were not high enough to modify the quality attributes of bread as was shown by instrumentally measuring crumb hardness and springiness as well as sensory evaluation.

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ЕКОТОКСИКОЛОГІЧНА ОЦІНКА БІОДОБРИВ (ПРОДУКТІВ ФЕРМЕНТАЦІЇ БІОГАЗОВОЇ УСТАНОВКИ) НА ПРЕДМЕТ ЇХ ВІДПОВІДНОСТІ ВИМОГАМ ОРГАНІЧНОГО ВИРОБНИЦТВА

Вісник Полтавської державної аграрної академії ◽

10.31210/visnyk2014.04.03 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 20-24

Author(s):

Н. А. Макаренко ◽

В. І. Бондарь ◽

Г. М. Борщ ◽

А. В. Сальнікова

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Biogas Plant ◽

Ecological Safety ◽

Toxicological Assessment ◽

Safety Standards ◽

Agricultural Plants ◽

Organic Crop Production ◽

Safety Rules

Проведено екотоксикологічну оцінку безпечностібіодобрива – продукту переробки гною у біогазовійустановці – за впливом на мікро- і мезофауну ґрунтута сільськогосподарські рослини. На основі отрима-них результатів було обґрунтовано екологобезпечнінорми застосування біодобрива в органічному вироб-ництві продукції рослинництва. Встановлено, щозастосування досліджуваного біодобрива позитивновпливає на урожайність сільськогосподарських куль-тур, а за умов дотримання екологобезпечних нормвнесення відсутній негативний вплив на агроеко-систему. An Eco toxicological assessment of the safety of biofertilizer was conducted – the influence of the product of the processing manure in biogas plant on the soil micro- and mesofauna and agricultural plants. Based on the results we have grounded the ecological safety rules of biofertilizers application in organic crop production. It was established that the use of studied biofertilizers affects positively the productivity of crops and if to subject to ecological safety standards of biofertilizers introduction there is no negative impact on agro-ecosystem.

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