scholarly journals REGULARITIES OF CONVECTIVE LOW TEMPERATURE DRYING OF ENERGY SPECIES WOOD

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
R.O. Shapar ◽  
O.V. Husarova ◽  
D.M. Korinchuk
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Specific Load ◽  
Residual Moisture ◽  
Energy Wood ◽  
Solid Biofuel ◽  
Low Temperature Drying ◽  
Kinetics Of

The article presents an analysis of the technological stages of the production of solid biofuel from energy wood species, it is noted that up to 70% of the total energy consumption is spent on drying processes in technological processes. The urgency and advantages of low-temperature drying of such wood have been substantiated. It is noted in the work that the heat and humidity modes should ensure an increase in the energy efficiency of the process and a high calorific value of the resulting fuel. The purpose of the article is to intensify the process of dehydration of energy wood to obtain solid biofuel, to determine the effect on the process of convective low-temperature drying of the operating parameters of the drying agent, the size and shape of the raw material, and the specific load on the drying surface. Energy willow was used as an object for dehydration, the initial moisture content of which varied over a wide range from 45 to 60% per wet weight; dehydration was carried out until the material reached residual moisture content of 5...6%. Studies on the effect of the temperature of the drying agent on the kinetics of moisture exchange prove that an increase in temperature from 80 to 100 °C intensifies heat and mass transfer and reduces the duration of the process by up to 25%. The results of experimental studies of the effect of the specific load on the dehydration process showed that an increase in load has a positive effect on the productivity of the drying unit and increases the volume of processed raw materials. At the same time, the total duration of dehydration from the minimum load to the maximum increases by 3.5 times. It is noted in the work that a significant parameter of influence on the kinetics of drying and increasing the efficiency of the process is the method of grinding the raw material. The most intensive mode corresponds to the method of grinding willow by combining abrasion and impact. With this method of grinding, the drying time is reduced from 15 to 25% in comparison with the others considered. The combination of the specified conditions and parameters of low-temperature drying provides an economical process and obtaining dried willow with low and evenly distributed residual moisture. The use of such material in the technological cycle of biofuel production guarantees the reliable operation of the combustion device for a long time.

scholarly journals Analysis of the process of energy plants drying during the production of solid biofuels

2020 ◽  
pp. 110-125
Author(s):  
R. Shapar ◽  
◽  
O. Husarova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Residual Moisture ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Solid Biofuels ◽  
Low Temperature Drying ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Energy Plants

The article presents an analysis of the stages of production of solid biofuels from energy plants and notes that the drying processes in technological processes consume up to 70 % of total energy consumption. The relevance and advantages of low-temperature drying are substantiated. Aim: intensification of the process of dehydration of energy plants, determination of rational parameters of the drying agent and dehydration conditions. Energy willow was used as an object of dehydration. Drying was carried out until the material reached a residual moisture content of 5...6 %. Studies on the effect of drying agent temperature on the kinetics of moisture exchange have shown that increasing the temperature from 80 °C to 100 °C enhances heat and mass transfer and reduces the process duration to 25 %. Increasing the specific load has a positive effect on the productivity of the drying plant and increases the amount of processed raw materials. The total duration of dehydration from the minimum load to the maximum increases by 3.5 times. The paper notes that a significant parameter of the impact on the kinetics of drying and increase the efficiency of the process is the method of grinding raw material. The most intensive mode corresponds to the method of grinding willow by combining abrasion and impact. With this method of grinding, the drying time is reduced from 15 % to 25 % compared to those considered. The established conditions and parameters of low-temperature drying provide intensification and efficiency of the process and obtaining dried energy willow with low and evenly distributed residual moisture.

Research of drying kinetics of prepared wheat flour

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 212-220
Author(s):  
Liubomyr Khomichak ◽  
◽  
Inha Kuznietsova ◽  
Svetlana Vysotska ◽  
Sergiy Tkachenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
Kinetic Dependence ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Kinetic Coefficients ◽  
Kinetics Of

Introduction. Processing of grain raw material with influence on starch or albumens by application of heat treatment creates the variety of functional properties of a product and is perspective in the modern terms vital functions of man. Research methods and methods. The flour obtained from wheat of the Ascanian wheat and from wheat of the soft varieties: Sophia ("sweet wheat"), Blond (soft) and Chornobrova (enriched with micro- and macronutrients) were used in the study. Thermal modification of flour samples was carried out in a convective manner. The control sample for determining the quality indicators is obtained in industrial conditions, extruded wheat flour produced by LLC "AS groups, LTD". Research results. The obtained kinetic dependence shows the gradual loss of moisture standards with different speed which accordingly influences on duration of drying. The moisture content of the drying agent most affects the intensity at the initial stage of the constant drying rate. With an increase in the moisture content of the coolant, the period of constant drying increases and the amount of evaporated moisture increases during this period. With the subsequent removal of moisture from raw materials, the degree of influence of this parameter on the intensity decreases. The nature of the drying curves is the same and the recommended process for obtaining modified flour is the process duration of 300 minutes or 5 hours. It was determined microscopically, that the samples of dried wheat flour have a purpose and are partially destroyed by starch granules and amorphization of biocomposite materials. Based on the data on the kinetics of drying flour samples, the kinetic coefficients and values of the critical moisture content for drying wheat flour were calculated, which is 1.18-1.30 %. It was determined that for the sensorial indicators the obtained samples have indicators characteristic of the varietal characteristics of wheat, from which the flour was taken. In terms of physical and chemical parameters, the modified wheat flour samples are not inferior to the well-known industrial sample of extruded flour. Conclusions. Use of flour, obtained from the wheat with different correlation of amilose and amylopectin, positively influences on a technological process and allows to extend the assortment of modified starch products, and accordingly, food products. Kinetics of the convective drying standards of the flour is investigated. Researches showed that a it is physically modified flour obtained from the different sorts of the soft wheat is not inferior in quality to the extruded wheat flour.

The Effectiveness Criterion for Densification of Wood Waste

2016 ◽  
Vol 832 ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
Miloš Matúš ◽  
Peter Križan ◽  
Juraj Beniak
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Densification Process ◽  
Pine Sawdust ◽  
Biomass Densification ◽  
Solid Biofuel ◽  
Two Stages

Densification process of biomass to the form of high-grade solid biofuel (briquette or pellet) is influenced by amount of technological factors. Size fraction and moisture content of raw material have the most importance. The densification process may be describing by complicated mathematical models based on behaviour of pressed particular matter. Therefore it is complicated to energy optimize the process. This paper deals with a methodology for determining the compressibility for pine sawdust on the basis of experiments. It also specifies the effectiveness criterion for biomass densification in order to optimize the densification process in terms of energy input. The experiments were performed in two stages. The first stage was an experimental investigation of the influence of size fraction and moisture content on the final compressibility of pine sawdust. High-pressure binderless densification of pine processing residues in the form of sawdust was studied. A piston-and-die process was used to produce densified briquettes under 20 °C temperature and at pressure up to 159 MPa. The results show the behaviour of the pressure load when the parameters of the particulate matter are changed. In the second stage, the experiments were evaluated and optimized to achieve minimum energy input of the process and a maximum degree of densification. For this purpose the Effectiveness Criterion for Densification was designed

ChemInform Abstract: Clean Solid Biofuel Production from High Moisture Content Waste Biomass Employing Hydrothermal Treatment

ChemInform ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peitao Zhao ◽  
Yafei Shen ◽  
Shifu Ge ◽  
Zhenqian Chen ◽  
Kunio Yoshikawa
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Hydrothermal Treatment ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
High Moisture Content ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Solid Biofuel

scholarly journals Evaluation of Mechanical and Energetic Properties of the Forest Residues Shredded Chips during Briquetting Process

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3270
Author(s):  
Kamil Roman ◽  
Jan Barwicki ◽  
Witold Rzodkiewicz ◽  
Mariusz Dawidowski
Keyword(s):  
Testing Machine ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Forest Residues ◽  
Principal Stresses ◽  
Energetic Properties ◽  
Unit Energy ◽  
Solid Biofuel

The briquetting process is one of methods of solid biofuel production. During the briquetting of raw material, it can be noticed that material is viscoelastic, and reflects the effect on the volume and the final effect of the agglomerate during mentioned treatment. The research aimed to evaluate the mechanical and energetic properties of shredded pine forest residues during the briquetting process. The shredded fragments of the forest residues were compacted by the principal stresses with determination of the energy value consumed during the briquetting process. Tests were carried out using a specially designed compacting tube, with additional equipment directly mounted on the testing machine. The compaction process was carried out using the presented material and through continuous monitoring of the process parameters. During the study, it was estimated that the moisture content of the compacted material should be equal from 10 to 15%. The calculated average value of the unit energy consumption during the briquetting process (WB) was equal to 0.14 MJ·kg−1. In future research, the mathematical model can serve as an algorithm in a computer program in order to calculate the flow of biomass in the extrusion process.

scholarly journals Kinetics of the drying process of fermented wheat raw materials in a vibratory boiling layer

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
S. T. Antipov ◽  
V. V. Toroptsev ◽  
A. N. Martekha ◽  
A. A. Berestovoy ◽  
I. S. Yurova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Specific Load ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Gas Distribution ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Boiling Layer ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Kinetics Of

The analysis of the influence of the main factors on the kinetics of the drying process of fermented wheat raw materials in a vibro-boiling layer is presented. The purpose of the study is to study the influence of the main technological parameters on the kinetics of the drying process of fermented wheat raw materials in a vibrating boiling overflowing layer at atmospheric pressure. The main factors affecting the drying process were selected: the temperature of the drying agent supplied to the dryer, the speed of the drying agent, the vibration amplitude of the gas distribution shelves, the vibration frequency of the gas distribution shelves. The influence of temperature and air velocity on the drying process of raw materials, the influence of the amplitude and frequency of oscillations of the gas distribution grid on the kinetics of the drying process of the fermented product, as well as the influence of the specific load of the product on the process of moisture removal are shown An analysis of the curves shows that with an increase in the amplitude of the oscillation, it reduces the drying time, and an increase in the frequency of oscillation of the shelves contributes to a decrease in the drying time. In this case, a uniform increase in the drying intensity is observed over the entire range of the amplitudes considered. An increase in the oscillation frequency of the gas distribution grid also helps to reduce the duration of the drying process of fermented wheat raw materials. It should be noted that the amplitude of the oscillations more strongly affects the decrease in the drying time of the raw material than the frequency Thus, we concluded that in the intervals under study the changes in the amplitude and frequency of vibrations of perforated shelves on the drying process of fermented wheat raw materials are more strongly affected by the amplitude of vibrations. In addition, when choosing vibration parameters, the specific load of the material on the grate and its initial humidity should be taken into account..

scholarly journals Tapping Indonesia's bioenergy potential: Solid biofuel production from banana leaves by employing hydrothermal treatment

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baskoro Lokahita ◽  
Anissa Nurdiawati ◽  
Alexander Mosqueda ◽  
Kunio Yoshikawa
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Hydrothermal Treatment ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
High Moisture Content ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Banana Plant ◽  
Solid Biofuel ◽  
Banana Leaves

Agricultural and agroindustrial wastes are increasingly being used for the generation of fuel products. Banana residues has a potential to be used as biomass energy sources in tropical country due to its availability, fast growing characteristic of banana plant, carbon neutrality and the fact that each banana plant bears only one stem of fruit. Thermal conversion of biomass to higher energy density fuels is gaining a growing interest as it is sustainable and has a potential to reduce greenhouse gasses. However, many forms of biomass in the waste stream, including banana residues, have very high moisture content, which makes them both inefficient to store, transport, and process using conventional technology. The hydrothermal treatment (HT) is known for converting high moisture content solid wastes into dried, uniform, pulverized, coallike solid fuel. In the present study, banana leaves was characterized and subjected to HT in a batch process to evaluate the suitability of these biomass sources for solid fuel production. Banana leaves was treated via HT at the temperatures of 180 and 200 ° C with the holding time of 30 min. The results showed that HT can increase the carbon and energy content of banana leaves, while the ash content decreased with the increased of temperature. The calculated value for theoretical potential power generation from treated banana leaves is 3.8 GW. These results showed that the production of solid fuel from banana leaves by employing hydrothermal treatment can contribute to the development of renewable energy, especially in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Clean solid biofuel production from high moisture content waste biomass employing hydrothermal treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 345-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peitao Zhao ◽  
Yafei Shen ◽  
Shifu Ge ◽  
Zhenqian Chen ◽  
Kunio Yoshikawa
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Hydrothermal Treatment ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
High Moisture Content ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Solid Biofuel

scholarly journals Study of kinetics of grain drying in a warehouse

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-89
Author(s):  
Mikhail Gennadievich Zagoruyko ◽  
Sergey Anatolyevich Pavlov
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cooling Zone ◽  
Moisture Removal ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Grain Drying ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Low Temperature Drying ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Corn Grain

The article discusses a two-stage drying method, including high-temperature and low-temperature drying, is widely used in the USA, France, Italy, especially for corn grain. In this case, the cooling zone in high-temperature dryers is transferred to a drying room, and cooling is carried out in special coolers: in active ventilation bins, platforms or in warehouses. To increase the efficiency of this method, the calculation of the supply of heated grain, the number of mobile fans was performed, and the duration of cooling and moisture removal were experimentally determined.

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