The technology of thermal cyclic electrolytic plasma hardening of steels

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
B.K. Rakhadilov ◽  
◽  
R.S. Kozhanova ◽  
Yu.N. Tyurin ◽  
L.G. Zhurerova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hardened Layer ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Maximum Hardness ◽  
Industrial Installation ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Plasma Hardening ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Product Surface ◽  
Hardening Of Materials ◽  
Electrophysical Parameters

This work describes the technology of thermal cyclic electrolytic plasma hardening, as well as describes the design features of the electrolytic plasma heater. There are presented the results of the research of medium-carbon steel hardness treated by thermal cyclic electrolytic plasma hardening under different conditions. An industrial installation for thermal cyclic electrolytic plasma hardening of materials was developed to carry out thermal cyclic electrolytic plasma hardening of steels in an automated mode. Tempered layers were obtained on the surface of the samples with average thickness values from 0.5 to 10 mm and hardness up to 750 HV. Experimentally that the alternation of switching on the electric potential at a voltage of U1 = 320 V and U2 = 200 V provides heating of the product surface to a depth of 10 mm. In this case, the maximum hardness of the surface layer (750 HV) practically does not depend on the thickness of the hardened layer. The hardness of the hardened layer of the product gradually decreases from the maximum (750 HV) to the hardness of the base (280-300 HV). The developed installation allows to vary the electrophysical parameters within a wide range: to set the voltage, the duration of processing, the time of switching on and off the voltage.

Peculiarities of Medium Carbon Steel Wire Microstructure Formation after Different Kinds of Deformational Processing

2018 ◽  
Vol 278 ◽  
pp. 72-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Polyakova ◽  
Yulia Efimova
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Tensile Deformation ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Combined Processes ◽  
Deformation Degree ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Wide Range

At present time tendencies in the development of engineering and technologies in the manufacturing the metal ware need the effective complex impact on material microstructure by methods of different nature. Special attention should be paid to the combined processes of deformational treatment which are constructed on such basic operations as drawing, rolling, pressing, etc. Despite a plenty of studies and high efficiency of combined methods the problem of understanding the scientific grounds for choice the processing parameters which ensure the guaranteed level and high stability of metals and alloys properties has not been solved jet. Medium carbon steel is used for a wide range of metal ware products. Medium carbon steel wire with 0.5 %C was chosen for the experiments. It was subjected to different kinds of deformational processing such as tensile deformation, alternating bending, twisting and their combination. Complex of experimental research was carried out in order to study the influence of different kinds of plastic deformation on the medium carbon steel wire microstructure. By scanning electron-microscope analysis the peculiarities of pearlite behavior after deformational processing with different total deformation degree were studied. The comparative analysis of cementite changing after different kinds of deformation was conducted.

scholarly journals Study on wear characteristics of tractor drawn rotavator blade of different steel materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-159
Author(s):  
K. Aravinda Yadav ◽  
Ajay K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Boron Steel ◽  
Maximum Hardness ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Soil Bin ◽  
Very High

A rotavator is popularly used to reduce the amount of time and labour spent in field preparation. However, wear of rotavator blades is very high, especially in sandy soil, which significantly affects its working life. The wear test of selected rotavator blades were conducted in circular soil bin made up of different steel materials like medium carbon steel (M1), high carbon steel (M2) and boron steel (M3) to observe the effect of different steel materials on wear. The wear rate of M1 blade, M2 blade and M3 blade were 26.36, 24.96 and 24.05 mg/min, respectively. The boron steel blade was found having maximum hardness 41.8 Rc followed by high carbon steel blade (41.3 Rc) and medium carbon steel blade (39.9 Rc).

The Flow of Metals under Various Stress Conditions

1947 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Nadai
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Rotational Symmetry ◽  
Theory Of Elasticity ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Theoretical Treatment ◽  
Ductile Metals ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Perfectly Plastic ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Steel Bars

The phenomena associated with the permanent deformations of the metals have attracted the attention of investigators during the last 100 to 150 years, and have inspired mathematically-minded observers in their endeavour to formulate mechanical rules or laws by which ductile metals flow under prescribed conditions. While the theory of elasticity is mostly concerned with very small strains, a theoretical treatment of the permanent or plastic deformations of metals must also frequently take account of strains of an order of ten to a hundred—and even more—times larger than the strains that can be sustained by them elastically. The engineering means for dealing with finite strains of this order will be reviewed in the lecture, and certain new types of strains that seem to offer possibilities for expressing the stress-strain relations required for developing the theories of the flow of metals under various conditions will be introduced. Several ideal substances, representing behaviour of metals or of other materials under different conditions, may be considered. For a perfectly plastic substance a special solution is quoted for a plane problem and for plastic shells with rotational symmetry. A case of the creep of metals at eleyated temperatures will be mentioned. Experiments made during the war years on the propagation of the plastic zone along mild-steel bars tested under tension, on the flow of copper and of medium carbon steel under combined stresses in the strain hardening range (including observations regarding the ensuing types of fractures which were observed), and experiments on the effect of the speed of deformation in these metals under normal and at elevated temperatures over a wide range of the rates of strain, will be reported.

Precipitation at the transformation interface of pearlite in steel

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 912-913
Author(s):  
F. A. Khalid ◽  
D. V. Edmonds
Keyword(s):  
Thin Foil ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Model Alloy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Growth Interface ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Interphase Precipitation ◽  
Solution Treated ◽  
Wide Range

The austenite/pearlite growth interface in a model alloy steel (Fe-1lMn-0.8C-0.5V nominal wt%) is being studied in an attempt to characterise the morphology and mechanism of VC precipitation at the growth interface. In this alloy pearlite nodules can be grown isothermally in austenite that remains stable at room temperature thus facilitating examination of the transformation interfaces. This study presents preliminary results of thin foil TEM of the precipitation of VC at the austenite/ferrite interface, which reaction, termed interphase precipitation, occurs in a number of low- carbon HSLA and microalloyed medium- and high- carbon steels. Some observations of interphase precipitation in microalloyed low- and medium- carbon commercial steels are also reported for comparison as this reaction can be responsible for a significant increase in strength in a wide range of commercial steels.The experimental alloy was made as 50 g argon arc melts using high purity materials and homogenised. Samples were solution treated at 1300 °C for 1 hr and WQ. Specimens were then solutionised at 1300 °C for 15 min. and isothermally transformed at 620 °C for 10-18hrs. and WQ. Specimens of microalloyed commercial steels were studied in either as-rolled or as- forged conditions. Detailed procedures of thin foil preparation for TEM are given elsewhere.

INFLUENCE THE QUENCHING AND TEMPERING ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS, OF MEDIUM CARBON STEEL

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
Sattar H A Alfatlawi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Quenching And Tempering

One of ways to improve properties of materials without changing the product shape toobtain the desired engineering applications is heating and cooling under effect of controlledsequence of heat treatment. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect ofheating and cooling on the surface roughness, microstructure and some selected propertiessuch as the hardness and impact strength of Medium Carbon Steel which treated at differenttypes of heat treatment processes. Heat treatment achieved in this work was respectively,heating, quenching and tempering. The specimens were heated to 850°C and left for 45minutes inside the furnace as a holding time at that temperature, then quenching process wasperformed in four types of quenching media (still air, cold water (2°C), oil and polymersolution), respectively. Thereafter, the samples were tempered at 200°C, 400°C, and 600°Cwith one hour as a soaking time for each temperature, then were all cooled by still air. Whenthe heat treatment process was completed, the surface roughness, hardness, impact strengthand microstructure tests were performed. The results showed a change and clearimprovement of surface roughness, mechanical properties and microstructure afterquenching was achieved, as well as the change that took place due to the increasingtoughness and ductility by reducing of brittleness of samples.

AISI 1025

Alloy Digest ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Cold Worked

Abstract AISI 1025 is a low-to-medium-carbon steel used in the hot-worked, cold-worked, normalized or water-quenched-and-tempered condition for general-purpose construction and engineering. It is also used for case-hardened components. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: CS-47. Producer or source: Carbon and alloy steel mills.

AISI 1040

Alloy Digest ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Medium Strength ◽  
Hot Rolled

Abstract AISI 1040 is a medium-carbon steel used in the hot-rolled, normalized, oil quenched and tempered or water quenched and tempered condition for general purpose engineering and construction. It provides medium strength and toughness at low cost. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness and fatigue. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: CS-41. Producer or source: Carbon and alloy steel mills.

AISI 1551

Alloy Digest ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
High Manganese ◽  
Hand Tools ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Cold Worked ◽  
Hot Rolled ◽  
Good Workability

Abstract AISI 1551 is a medium-carbon steel containing relatively high manganese (0.85-1.15%) for a carbon steel. It can be used in the hot-rolled, annealed, normalized, cold-worked or liquid-quenched-and-tempered condition for numerous applications. It has a combination of good machinability and good workability. Its many uses include hand tools, machinery parts, springs and agricultural machinery. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: CS-80. Producer or source: Carbon steel mills.

SAE 1037

Alloy Digest ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Medium Strength ◽  
Hot Rolled

Abstract SAE 1037 is a carbon steel that provides medium strength and medium toughness at low cost. It is used in the hot-rolled, normalized, oil-quenched-and-tempered and water-quenched-and-tempered conditions. This medium-carbon steel is used for construction and for general-purpose engineering. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: CS-76. Producer or source: Carbon steel mills.

SAE 1026

Alloy Digest ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
High Manganese ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
The Core ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Cold Worked ◽  
Good Workability

Abstract SAE 1026 is a low-to-medium-carbon steel used in the annealed, hot-worked, normalized, cold-worked or water-quenched-and-tempered condition for a variety of engineering and construction applications. It combines good workability (hot or cold), good machinability and good weldability. It has relatively high manganese (0.60-0.90%); this provides increased hardenability which is reflected in all uses and gives somewhat increased hardness and strength in the core of carburized parts and in uncarburized applications. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: CS-60. Producer or source: Carbon steel mills.

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