scholarly journals Leisure in Children’s Daily Life in the Public Space of Post-Reform Orenburg Based on the Materials of the Orenburg Press (the Second Half of the 19th – Early 20th Century)

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-95
Author(s):  
E.V. Burlutskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
The Public

scholarly journals State Supervision of the Periodicals Distribution System in Russia in the Early 20th Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Е.Н. Крылова
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Train Station ◽  
The Public ◽  
State Supervision ◽  
History Of ◽  
Newspaper Distribution ◽  
The Government ◽  
History Of Journalism

В статье затронут малоизученный аспект государственного контроля за системой распространения периодических изданий в России на примере столичных городов в начале ХХ века. Цель исследования — выявить основные каналы распространения столичных газет в начале ХХ века и определить механизмы государственного контроля за системой дистрибуции периодической печати. На основе имеющихся архивных источников автор приходит к выводу, что основными каналами распространения столичной прессы были подписка, розничная продажа в разнос и в магазинах и на железных дорогах. К началу Первой мировой войны система дистрибуции периодических изданий постепенно менялась. Нормативные акты, принятые в конце XIX века, уже не позволяли эффективно контролировать распространение информации, а правительственные меры предпринимались запоздало или были незначительны. Существовавшая система государственного контроля за системой дистрибуции не могла оперативно реагировать на кризис, что способствовало распространению нежелательной для правительства информации среди населения, в том числе запрещенной литературы. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы в первую очередь при подготовке общих курсов по истории России, чтении курсов лекций и спецкурсов по истории журналистики. The article treats some under-investigated issues associated with the state supervision of the periodicals circulation and distribution system in Russia in the early 20th century. The aim of the research is to study the main channels of capital newspapers circulation and distribution in the early 20th century and to identify the mechanisms of state supervision of the periodicals distribution system. The analysis of archival materials enables the author to conclude that capital newspapers were distributed via subscription, retailing, train station retail, and delivery. During the pre-war period, the system of newspaper distribution was undergoing gradual changes. Normative acts issued in the late 19thcentury were no longer enough to efficiently control the spread of information; state measures were often insufficient and untimely. The existing system of state supervision of newspaper distribution failed to respond to the crisis, therefore the public had an access to information the government wished to conceal and to literature that was forbidden. The validity of the results of the research will be recognized by lecturers, by teachers who conduct Russian history classes, by teachers conducting classes in the history of journalism.

Public art libraries and artists and designers: a symbiotic scheme for success

1987 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Dane
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Public Art ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Art Exhibitions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Special Collections ◽  
Career Opportunities

The inter-relationship between art librarians and artists/designers in the public library sector in America has been a reality since the early 20th century when libraries were organized into subject departments. This specialized clientele is eclectic and ranges from novices to the most accomplished artists and includes architects, art directors, illustrators, calligraphers, craftspeople and photographers in addition to painters, sculptors and graphic artists. Materials and services in public art libraries are highly diversified and the literature of other disciplines is also readily available. The increase in art exhibitions and special collections is noted in addition to a new focus on information for career opportunities, art law and the handicapped. Current developments set the stage for the continuing symbiotic relationship between public art librarians and artists/designers into the 21st century.

Colonial Material Collections and Representations of Devadasi Bodies in the Public Sphere in the Early 20th-Century South India

Anthropos ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 531-546
Author(s):  
Rajalakshmi Nadadur Kannan
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
South India ◽  
Material Objects ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ideal Woman ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Historical Developments ◽  
The Guardian

This article discusses how the politics of morality in the early 20th-century South India, in its gendered nation-building exercise, reified a distinction between sacred/profane by using devadasis’ bodies as material objects in the public sphere. Traditional performers of dance and music, devadasis were chosen to represent the profane in a series of historical developments in which both Europeans and Indian colonial elites participated in constructing and using the categories of the sacred and profane to classify sex and body as material, profane, and obscene. Specifically targeting devadasis, these developments resulted in ostracization and criminalization of devadasis and their communities. Using statues, poems, and literature as examples, this article shows how devadasis were collected as material objects and used to represent the notion that some bodies and sex were fundamentally materialistic whilst others were not, such as that of the “new woman” who was imagined to be an ideal woman, and the guardian of the sacred space in the colonial and postcolonial India.

scholarly journals La bellezza come strumento di accesso alla conoscenza storica. La mostra Scuole come capanne. Libri come opere d’arte. Dal Brasile all’Agro romano

2019 ◽  
pp. 223-234
Author(s):  
Paolo Bianchini ◽  
Circe Maria Fernandes Bittencourt ◽  
Pompeo Vagliani
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
Works Of Art

The essay deals with the exhibition “Schools as huts and books as works of art. From Brazil to the Agro Romano” (Scuole come capanne e libri come opere d’arte. Dal Brasile all’Agro Romano), which collected educational materials and objects of daily life made for the schools of the Brazilian Indians, as well as those of the farmers of the Agro Romano of the early 20th Century. The dialogue between these materials underlines the centrality of beauty in education and in creating a better world.

scholarly journals The Volhynian mass murders of 1943 in Polish-Ukrainian historical discussions in the 1990s

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Tetiana Banakh
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Polish Population ◽  
National History ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Press ◽  
Mass Murders ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

The article analyzes the first public discussions of the last decade of the 20th century about mass murders of Polish population in Volhynia in 1943. The author explores the emergence of the topic of “Volhynia” in the public space and Polish-Ukrainian historical debates about these mass murders in the 1990s. The research is based on the published sources and interviews with the participants in the Polish-Ukrainian dialog. The article focuses on the first mentions of the Volhynian events in the post-communist period, on the way this issue was discussed at seminars of Polish and Ukrainian historians, and in the leading Polish newspapers “Gazeta Wyborcza” and “Rzeczpospolita”. Particular attention is paid to the discussion about the mass murders in the “Gazeta Wyborcza” in 1995. The Volhynian issue appeared in the public space after almost fifty years of silence initiated from the Polish “kres” and veteran circles which represented the victims of the mass murders. This topic was arousing interest gradually. It did not immediately take a lead- ing place in Polish-Ukrainian historical debates. In the 1990s, the discussion about “Volhynia” took place primarily between historians and within the groups to which this topic was important. There was only one discussion about the Volhynian events in the press, namely in the “Gazeta Wyborcza”. This newspaper, which appeared as an organ of Solidarity, pays attention especially to the relationship between Poland and its neighbours, particularly Ukraine. In the Ukrainian central media, the Volhynian issue remained completely without attention. Although the debates about “Volhynia” were not actively conducted in the 1990s, certain tendencies were established during this period, which remained characteristic in the following years. In Poland, these events were perceived as one of the most traumatic episodes of the national history, so it was the Polish side who initiated the discussions about this topic. The Ukrainian side was forced to respond to these initiatives.

scholarly journals Bank Operations and Economic Daily Life of Post-Reform Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
Alexey Kirillov
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Valuable Book ◽  
Industry And Commerce ◽  
Credit Institutions

The historiography of post-reform Russia has been enriched with a new valuable book, which demonstrates the important all-Russia processes using materials locally available. The main finding of the monograph is identification of the role that banks play not as credit institutions, but as accounting companies (since wire-transfers are highly-demanded amongst merchants). It was emphasized that special checking accounts were very important for short-term loans of local entrepreneurs (that were not connected with stock market speculations). The statistics of bank operations was used to illustrate the significance of railways for development of industry and commerce. Finally, the book offers new prospects for further research: some data suggest that in the early 20th century the notes-backed lending penetrated those sections of urban population, which were excluded as before.

scholarly journals Public organisations of Vologda in the early 20th century

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Kirill А. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Local Population ◽  
The State ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
The Political ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Organisations

The article describes the activities of public organisations in the early 20th century in Vologda and Vologda Province. It is shown that the activity of the public was constantly growing during the study period. Moreover, the political activity of the society was significantly influenced by all-Russia events, while non-political organisations slowly but surely extended their influence to an increasing number of spheres of life of the local population. Public organisations constantly cooperated with both state authorities and local self-government. The research is based on working with materials on Vologda Province, their analysis to understand how the mechanism of cooperation and interaction of local self-government bodies with the provincial government, the Governor and the bureaucracy was built. As a result of the study, it became possible to show that the number of public organisations in Vologda Province had been growing since the early 20th century, although the number of political organisations was not enough. There were also no serious conflicts or opposition from the authorities in relation to public organisations. Most of the public structures were apolitical in nature and dealt mainly with social issues without paying attention to the problems of interaction with the state authorities.

scholarly journals Działalność publiczna Tadeusza Staniewskiego w Swarzędzu do roku 1918

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 43-61
Author(s):  
Barbara Ksit
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Present Article ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
City Council ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Social Activist ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Public Sphere

mieście Swarzędz. Funkcję tę pełnił społecznie przez dziewięć miesięcy. Ponownie wybrany burmistrzem w 1929 r., pełnił tę funkcję do 1939 r. Dotychczasowe opracowania omawiają działalność Tadeusza Staniewskiego w Swarzędzu, począwszy od listopada 1918 r. Niniejszy artykuł ma być próbą poszerzenia wiadomości na jego temat we wcześniejszym okresie. Syn nauczyciela, ukończył Gimnazjum Fryderyka Wilhelma w Poznaniu. Na początku XX w. osiadł w Swarzędzu, gdzie zyskał uznanie jako kupiec i społecznik. W odniesieniu do lat 1900–1918, kiedy Tadeusz Staniewski stawiał pierwsze kroki w działalności publicznej, najlepszym źródłem jest prasa wielkopolska, zwłaszcza „Postęp” i „Orędownik” – czasopisma reprezentujące interesy drobnomieszczaństwa. Działalność Tadeusza Staniewskiego była omawiana na ich łamach szczególnie w kontekście dwóch wydarzeń istotnych dla Polaków w Swarzędzu – wyborów do Rady Miejskiej w 1909 r. i sprawy budowy Domu Katolickiego. Public activity of Tadeusz Staniewski in Swarzędz until the year 1918 In 1919, Tadeusz Staniewski was the first Pole to become mayor of Swarzędz, a town just outside of Poznań. He held this position for 9 months with no remuneration. He was re-elected in 1929 and remained the mayor of Swarzędz until 1939. Previous articles on the activity of Tadeusz Staniewski in Swarzędz discuss his life from November 1918. The present article aims at expanding this timespan and includes information about him in earlier periods. Son of a teacher, he graduated from Frederick William College in Poznań. In the early 20th century he settled down in Swarzędz, where he gained recognition as a tradesman and social activist. Regarding the years 1900–1918, when Tadeusz Staniewski entered the public sphere, the best sources are press articles published in Greater Poland journals, especially “Postęp” and “Orędownik” which represented the interests of the lower middle class. The activity of Tadeusz Staniewski was discussed there particularly with regard to two events of major importance for Poles in Swarzędz: the 1909 City Council elections and the construction of the Catholic House.

scholarly journals The Importance of Knowledge of Provenance for the Provenance of Knowledge: The Case of Traditional Costumes Collections in Greece

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 708-716
Author(s):  
Eleni Papathoma
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Folk Culture ◽  
The Public ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
Local Character ◽  
Inadequate Information ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
National Icon

In Greece there are several collections of “traditional costumes”, i.e., garments with a strongly local character, which were in use up to the early 20th century. “Traditional costumes” are directly linked to Modern Greek folk culture: they were formed in its context and they are its most typical and obvious image. They have often been used as a national icon and are popular with people of all ages, who admire them and, on occasions of national celebrations and dance festivals, take pleasure and pride in dressing in replicas of them. Since they have stopped being worn many decades ago, the existing collections are a major source for their study, and they are respectfully referred to by scholars, the public and makers of replicas. The provenance of these collections—the criteria used, the persons involved, the purposes served, etc.—deeply affects the extent and the nature of our knowledge on the objects included in them. Given the inadequate information usually recorded on provenance issues, a thorough search of all potential sources with an aim to put together ‘biographies’ of collections will help to understand the collecting context of the objects and their respective historical and interpretational value.

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