Exercise Training as an Intervention to Improve Muscle Function and Recovery Following Bed Rest in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) accelerates the incidence and increases the prevalence of sarcopenia in older adults. This suggests an urgent need for identifying effective sarcopenia treatments for older adults with T2DM. It is unknown whether traditional approaches, such as progressive resistance exercise training (PRET), can effectively counteract sarcopenia in older patients with T2DM. To test the efficacy of PRET for the treatment of sarcopenia in older adults with T2DM, 30 subjects (15 T2DM and 15 age- and sex- matched controls) underwent metabolic testing with muscle biopsies before and after a 13-week full-body PRET program. Primary outcome measures included changes in appendicular lean mass, muscle strength, and mixed muscle fractional synthesis rate (FSR). Before PRET, BMI-adjusted appendicular lean mass was significantly lower in the T2DM group (0.7095±0.0381 versus 0.8151±0.0439, p<0.0001). As a result of PRET, appendicular lean mass adjusted for BMI and muscle strength increased significantly in both groups, but to a lesser extent for the T2DM group (p=0.0009) . Preliminary results for FSR (n=25) indicate that subjects with T2DM had lower basal FSR prior to PRET (p=0.0197) . Basal FSR increased significantly in the control group after PRET (p=0.0196), while it did not change in the T2DM group (p=0.3537). These results suggest that in older adults the positive effect of PRET on muscle anabolism and strength is reduced by T2DM . Thus, older adults with T2DM may require more intensive, multimodal and targeted sarcopenia treatment. Funded by NIH R01AG049611 and P30AG024832.

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Long-standing, insulin-treated type 2 diabetes patients with complications respond well to short-term resistance and interval exercise training

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-07-0169 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 158 (2) ◽

pp. 163-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

S F E Praet ◽

R A M Jonkers ◽

G Schep ◽

C D A Stehouwer ◽

H Kuipers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Muscle Function ◽

Whole Body ◽

Short Term ◽

Interval Exercise ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Diabetes Outcome

ObjectiveTo determine the feasibility and the benefits of combined resistance and interval exercise training on phenotype characteristics and skeletal muscle function in deconditioned, type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with polyneuropathy.DesignShort-term, single-arm intervention trial.MethodsEleven male T2D patients (age: 59.1±7.5 years; body mass index: 32.2±4.0 kg/m2) performed progressive resistance and interval exercise training thrice a week for 10 weeks. Besides primary diabetes outcome measures, muscle strength (MUST), maximal workload capacity (Wmax), whole-body peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and muscle oxidative capacity (MUOX), intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) and glycogen (IMCG) storage, and systemic inflammation markers were determined before and after training. Daily exogenous insulin requirements (EIR) and historic individualized EIR were gathered and analysed.ResultsMUST and Wmax increased with 17% (90% confidence intervals 9–24%) and 14% (6–21) respectively. Furthermore, mean arterial blood pressure declined with 5.5 mmHg (−9.7 to −1.4). EIR dropped with 5.0 IU/d (−11.5 to 1.5) compared with baseline. A decline of respectively −0.7 mmol/l (−2.9 to 1.5) and −147 μmol/l (−296 to 2) in fasting plasma glucose and non-esterified fatty acids concentrations were observed following the intervention, but these were not accompanied by changes in VO2peak, MUOX, IMCL or IMCG, and blood glycolysated haemoglobin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor-α and/or cholesterol concentrations.ConclusionShort-term resistance and interval exercise training is feasible in deconditioned T2D patients with polyneuropathy and accompanied by moderate improvements in muscle function and blood pressure. Such a specific exercise regimen may provide a better framework for future exercise intervention programmes in the treatment of deconditioned T2D patients.

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A Randomized Controlled Trial of Resistance Exercise Training to Improve Glycemic Control in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes Care ◽

10.2337/diacare.25.12.2335 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 25 (12) ◽

pp. 2335-2341 ◽

Cited By ~ 416

Author(s):

C. Castaneda ◽

J. E. Layne ◽

L. Munoz-Orians ◽

P. L. Gordon ◽

J. Walsmith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Older Adults ◽

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Resistance Exercise Training ◽

Randomized Controlled

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Wii-Based and Supervised Exercise Training Decrease Falls Risk in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000518722.89067.02 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 49 (5S) ◽

pp. 654

Author(s):

Rachel Simmons ◽

Sheri R. Colberg ◽

Steven Morrison

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Older Adults ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Falls Risk ◽

Supervised Exercise

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Effects of Power Training on Physical Activity, Sitting Time, Disability, and Quality of Life in Older Patients With Type 2 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Confinement

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2020-0489 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Javier Brazo-Sayavera ◽

Olga López-Torres ◽

Álvaro Martos-Bermúdez ◽

Lorena Rodriguez-Garcia ◽

Marcela González-Gross ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Older Adults ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Muscle Power ◽

Training Group ◽

Sitting Time ◽

Control Group

Background: To evaluate the effectiveness of a multicomponent supervised and unsupervised training program focused on muscle power to counteract the potential changes in sedentary behavior, disability, physical activity (PA), and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) caused by the COVID-19 pandemic domiciliary confinement in prefrail older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Thirty-five older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus were assigned to 2 groups according to their frailty status: exercise training group (prefrail or frail; n = 21; 74.7 [4.5] y; 33.3% male) and control group (robust; n = 14; 73.1 [3.9] y; 42.9% male). The exercise training group followed a multicomponent training program focusing on muscle power: supervised (5 wk) and unsupervised (6 wk). The primary outcomes, including PA and sitting time, perceived disability, and HRQoL, were assessed at the baseline and after 11 weeks. Results: At the end of confinement, there were significant decreases in PA in both groups (P < .05). Thus, sitting time increased more in the control group than in the exercise training group (P < .05). The HRQoL measures remained unchanged. Conclusions: Muscle power training before and during mandatory COVID-19 self-isolation in type 2 diabetes mellitus older adults (1) attenuates the COVID-19 domiciliary confinement-related increase in sitting time and (2) slightly decreases the self-reported levels of disability and maintains HRQoL.

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