scholarly journals MÉTODO ALTERNATIVO PARA LA EVALUACIÓN DE LA POLUCIÓN ATMOSFÉRICA CAUSADA POR LA QUEMA DE BIOMASA EN PLANTACIONES DE CAÑA DE AZUCAR

Anales AFA ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
A. A. Santucho Cainzo ◽  
L.F. Calderari ◽  
D.H. Corregidor Carrió ◽  
E.M. Jaén
Keyword(s):  
Scattered Light ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Old People ◽  
Atmospheric Extinction ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Glass Slides ◽  
Scattering Measurements ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Dispersed Material ◽  
Good Linear Correlation

This paper describes an alternative method to assess atmospheric pollution levels caused by the burning of sugar cane fields during the harvest, affecting visibility in nearby residential areas. The samples of atmospheric dispersed material were taken on glass slides exposed to the environment on different periods of time. The scattered light by these samples is measured using a digital goniometric device that moves a CCD around each sample with 2,0 arc min resolution. Scattering measurements reveals that it is possible to differentiate between the samples of 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours of integration. This method is more sensitive because it integrates through time, even when the concentrations of contaminants are low. Based on Beer-Lambert scattering model, the scattered light on the samples is related to the atmospheric extinction coefficient and the meteorological visibility measured in the same days. A good linear correlation for the different time periods (R2 > 0.94)was obtained. Finally, measured scattering levels were compared to the intraocular scattering ones calculated from CIE equation, obtaining similar values to eyes of 80 years old people

scholarly journals NO2 Concentration in Banepa Valley, Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ahmad Kamruzzaman Majumder ◽  
V Krishna Murthy ◽  
Sanjay Nath Khanal ◽  
Dhiraj Giri
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
World Health ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Air Sampler ◽  
Commercial Area

This study comprised of air quality monitoring during the day time at three municipalities of Banepa, Dhulikhel and Panauti(Known as Banepa Valley) in Kavre district of Nepal. The study was conducted in order to establish a baseline air quality data for those municipalities as the first time ever in the district. In each of those municipalities three air monitoring stations were established representing predominant industrial, commercial and residential areas. Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) had been estimated from air sampling programme which spanned 7 months and a total of 126 days reflecting winter, premonsoon and monsoon seasons. Low Volume Air (LVA) Sampler and Personal air sampler were used for sampling. UV spectrophotometer was used for estimation of the NO2. The study found that during winter season the concentration of NO2 was more and among the areas commercial area found to be highest level pollution. The over all mean, minimum and maximum level of NO2 was found to be 24.62μg/m3, 11.26μg/m3, 91.20μg/m3 in the Banepa valley. The seasonal trend in pollution levels show that winter > pre-monsoon > monsoon. The pollution concentration trend noted among the areas was commercial > industrial > residential on almost all the occasions. This finding conclude that, most of the time NO2 level are below the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and World Health Organization (WHO) guideline representing little risk at present in Banepa Valley however commercial area of Banepa is more polluted and is associated with higher NO2 concentration compared to other areas. Keywords: NO2, Nepal, Banepa, air quality, personal air sampler DOI: 10.3126/kuset.v4i1.2878 Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Vol.4, No.1, September 2008, pp 1-11

scholarly journals AUTO HONKING CONTROL SYSTEM FOR VEHICLES

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 77-80
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Low Volume

The rising noise pollution levels are a major concern for both the atmosphere and human health. Honking excessively near residential areas, schools and hospitals is mostly affected and strongly desired. We propose a new honking mechanism, would considerably reduce the noise caused due to the blowing of horns. Our system doesn't negotiation people's safety in and around the vehicle. Our proposed system uses the same horn system used in the vehicle. In our system we are using transmitter in the silent zone and receiver on the vehicle so that transmitting a signal will be received in the receiver it will automatically switched to the low volume horn. So, the sound of horn will be reduced in the silent zone.

scholarly journals ORGANIZATION OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DETERMINATION OF TRANSPORT NOISE LEVELS AT THE FIRST STAGE OF MOTORING

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (163) ◽  
pp. 206-210
Author(s):  
A. Reshetchenko
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Noise Characteristics

Monitoring studies are considered as a system of environmental monitoring of anthropogenic factors, based on the legislation of Ukraine, monitoring of physical impacts, including noise levels, are necessary and important in terms of monitoring the air of populated cities. The article is devoted to the substantiation of the need to organize monitoring observations of the levels of noise pollution caused by the operation of vehicles in the residential areas of populated cities. Scientific and methodological approaches to the organization of experimental research to determine noise levels as the first stage of the monitoring system have been developed. The state normative-legal base is analyzed, it is revealed that the organization of experimental researches of noise characteristics of the transport streams going along apartment houses, isn't fixed at the legislative level. The system of monitoring noise pollution levels should consist of the following main stages: 1) data collection (measurement of noise levels in the field); 2) processing of the received data (calculation of equivalent and maximum noise levels on the basis of the received field observations); 3) compilation of databases; 4) detection of discomfort zones (comparison of the obtained equivalent and maximum noise levels with the allowable ones). Unified schemes of location of the control point for instrumental measurements of traffic noise levels, depending on the category of roads adjacent to residential buildings, are proposed. This approach takes into account all possible layout options of the urban area, which allows to identify noise-absorbing properties of green areas of roadside space and provide environmentally friendly noise protection solutions to reduce man-made pollution and quantify the noise load in residential areas affected by the road. The results of approbation of experimental measurements according to the offered schemes which give the chance of revealing of uncomfortable zones in territories of inhabited building for acceptance of the further ecologically safe noise protection practical decisions are resulted.

Oil Pollution Assessment of Soils in Khabarovsk

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
A.M. Koshelkov ◽  
L.P. Mayorova
Keyword(s):  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Pollution Assessment ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Aggregate Sample ◽  
Functional Zones ◽  
High Pollution ◽  
Functional Areas ◽  
Very High

The TPH-in-soil of three functional zones (industrial, residential, agro-residential) of Khabarovsk have been studied. Areas of acceptable, low, moderately hazardous, moderate, high and very high pollution levels have been identified. It has been found that the TPH-in-soil of different urban functional areas differs significantly. For statistical processing of experimental data, the Boxplots method ("box-and-whiskers diagram") has been used. It has been proposed to switch to the median value of the aggregate sample of the TPH-in-soil in residential and agro-residential areas as the baseline data.

Selective sorption of bacteria from seawater

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 1413-1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Marshall ◽  
Ruby Stout ◽  
Ralph Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Selective Sorption ◽  
Glass Slides ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Irreversible Sorption

A sequence of sorption of different bacterial types has been observed both on glass slides and electron microscope grids immersed in seawater for periods of up to 24 h. A comparison of morphological groups of bacteria initially attracted to a surface with those subsequently adhering firmly to the surface suggests a selective irreversible sorption of small rods. Firm adhesion of bacteria in the time periods considered does not indicate pili or holdfast structures. The ability of bacteria to produce extracellular polymeric fibrils may be important in such selective sorption.

scholarly journals Determination of the Hypersonic Velocities in the Molten Salts NaNO3 and KNO3

1974 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silas E. Gustafsson ◽  
H. E. Gunilla Knape ◽  
Lena M. Torell
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salts ◽  
Brillouin Scattering ◽  
Scattered Light ◽  
Frequency Region ◽  
Relaxation Frequency ◽  
Ultrasonic Velocities ◽  
Hypersonic Velocity ◽  
Fabry Perot ◽  
Scattering Measurements

Hypersonic velocities in the molten salts NaNO3 and KNO3 have been obtained by Brillouin scattering measurements. A He-Cd laser, 4416 Å, was used as a radiation source and the scattered light was analyzed with a pressure-scanned Fabry-Perot spectrometer. The temperature dependence of the sound velocity was determined in a temperature range covering some 100° above the melting point of the investigated salts. The obtained hypersonic velocity for NaNO3 was about the same and for KNO3 greater than reported ultrasonic velocities indicating that the measurements are performed in a frequency region below any possible relaxation frequency for NaNO3 and above some possible relaxation frequencies for KNO3

Colloidal Structure of Rubber in Solution. Colloidal Aspects of Vulcanization

1940 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Gehman ◽  
J. E. Field
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Scattered Light ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Colloidal Structure ◽  
Original Solution ◽  
Viscosity Measurements ◽  
Scattering Measurements ◽  
Constant Viscosity ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Zinc Propionate

Abstract Colloidal changes in solutions of purified rubber due to a vulcanizing system consisting of piperidinium pentamethylenedithiocarbamate, sulfur, and zinc propionate have been followed by means of measurements of the depolarization and intensity of the transversely scattered light and by viscosity measurements. A study was made of the time required for vulcanization of benzene solutions of rubber with the above vulcanizing agents. The temperature coefficient of vulcanization was approximately the same as that for cures of solid stocks. The light scattering results are interpreted as showing that, upon the addition of the vulcanizing agents to the solutions, the colloidal units become larger. The decrease in viscosity is explained as being due to a diminished “interlocking” of the units. In the vulcanization of the solutions, an equilibrium of colloidal processes occurs which results in a constant viscosity for the larger part of the time required for vulcanization, although the light scattering measurements show a continuous change. The magnitude of the light scattering changes indicates that the molecular clusters in the gelled solution are probably not very different from those in the original solution. The viscosity measurements show that the forces between the clusters have been radically strengthened.

scholarly journals Spatial characterization of noise levels at the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-340
Author(s):  
J. A. Oyedepo ◽  
D. M. Omoniyi ◽  
D. E. Oluyege ◽  
E. I. Babajide
Keyword(s):  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Noise Measurement ◽  
World Health ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Noise Emission ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
The University

The study investigated the spatial variability in the distribution of noise pollution in Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta. Measurements of noise were taken from 10 locations on campus namely; the academic environment including the University library and college lecture auditoria, the residential areas comprising the Student hostels and Vice-chancellor’s lodge as well as other populated areas like the car park and student union building. The noise measurement was done in the morning and evenings of Mondays, Wednesdays and Saturdays over a period of 3 weeks in July 2019. The noise measurement was done with the aid of Smart Sensor Digital Sound Level meter (Model: AR824). The sampling points were geo-located using a hand-held receiver for Global Positioning Systems (GPS). Questionnaires were administered to members of the University community (staff and students) to determine their respective perception of campus noise on academic activities. Data (noise and survey) were subjected to statistical analysis. Spatial analysis of the noise levels includes surface interpolation (Krigging) to determine the spatial pattern of noise across the campus, particularly, the most tranquil and most chaotic locations. The results show noise pollution levels reaching 74.3 (db) and 73.0 (db) during weekdays at some locations on campus. The noise emission level at some locations within the University exceeded the World Health Organization and Federal Ministry of Environment of Nigeria’s permissible level of 55 db for residential areas. Generally, it was observed that the ambient noise from heavy duty generating with the student chattering put noise level above 35(db) to 55(db) recommended for educational institutions. It can be inferred from statistical analyses and spatial interpolations of recorded noise levels, that noise levels of many areas in FUNAAB exceed the recommended 40 db required for an institution of higher learning. The study however finds that staff and students have adjusted to the noise on campus. Lecturers have resorted to the use of public address systems in large classes while students go to serene locations for better assimilation when studying. The study recommends reduction of point-source noises such as replacing the diesel generators with solar power. Signage should be displayed at sensitive areas such as library to reduce unnecessary noise.

scholarly journals Decomposition Rate of Avicennia lanata in Bakau Kecil Mangrove Forest Area, Mempawah District

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Asri Mulya Ashari ◽  
W. Warsidah
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Avicenna lanata is a type of mangrove that dominates the Mempawah Kecil Mangrove Forest. As many as 10 bacterial genera were identified from station 1 which is close to the influence of sea water, and 8 bacterial genera from station 2 which are close to residential areas. This study aims to determine the rate of decomposition of A. lanata leaf litter with 4 observation time periods with an interval of 15 days, namely the 15th, 30th, 45th and 60th days. The observations show that the rate of decomposition of the litter on the 15th day of observation is higher. Namely 0.206 gram/day at station I and 0.19 gram/day at station II, while the lowest rate of decomposition of litter occurred on the 60th day of observation, namely 0.112 gram/day at station I and 0.106 gram/day at station II. In addition, the parameters of physical and chemical of the environment such as DO, temperature, pH and salinity are in the range of their optimum values.

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