Determination of phytotoxicity of wastes of mechanical processing of polymer mixtures with their mechanical activation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Malyshevska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Mechanical Processing ◽  
Polymer Mixtures ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Impact

Biotesting to assess the complex relationships between soil, contaminants and living organisms and to determine the impact on ecosystems of pollutants whose concentrations may be beyond the sensitivity of the methods of determination and the composition of which cannot be determined. The aim is to establish the level of phytoxicity of wastes of mechanical processing of polymer mixtures, which are extracted from solid household waste with the help of indicator plants. Methods. Evaluation of phytotoxic effects was performed by vegetation methods according to ISO: 17402-2008, 17126-2005a, 11269-1: 2012a, 11269-2: 2012b. Contamination levels of the test samples were assessed according to ISO 16198.Objects of research: watercress seeds, mustard, wheat, corn, soybeans, barley and sludge from the processing of polymer mixtures composed of polymer particles of different composition and quantity, along with the remnants of paper labels. Studies of the content of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn, Ni) were performed by atomic absorption method on a spectrophotometer type CAS-120.1 in accordance with generally accepted methods. Results. The studied sludge does not negatively affect the process of germination of watercress, mustard, corn. The level of phytotoxic effect of sludge on the germination of soybeans and barley was within acceptable limits and did not exceed 3.33%. The study of migration of heavy metals present in the sludge and their accumulation during the growth and development of plants showed their insignificant content regardless of the sludge content. Only the lead content was higher than in the control 2.13 times and 1.83 times higher than in "relatively clean soil". Conclusions. Determination of phytotoxicity of this type of sludge on the process of germination and vegetation changes of plants should be carried out on the most sensitive crops - watercress and mustard. A study of the migration of heavy metals present in the sludge and their accumulation during plant growth showed the presence of bound forms of heavy metals copper, nickel, cadmium and zinc - the migration of which has not been established. However, mobile forms of lead that migrate from the sludge and accumulate in plants have been identified.

scholarly journals Біоіндикаційна оцінка впливу місць видалення відходів на стан навколишнього природного середовища

2018 ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
П. В. Писаренко ◽  
М. С. Самойлік ◽  
А. В. Молчанова
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Given ◽  
The City

У статті проведено оцінку впливу звалища твердих побутових відходів (на прикладі звалища відходів міста Полтави) на біоту через визначення фітотоксичного впливу забрудненого ґрунту на схожість, ріст та кореневу систему рослин Triticum aestivum. Встановлено, що рівні пригніченості ростових процесів у даному ґрунті є вище за середні, що вказує на високий вміст важких металів у даному ґрунті та їх токсичний вплив на біоту у місці розташування звалища. Обґрунтовано, що використання пребіотика «Sviteco-PBG» дає змогу значно покращити якість ґрунту, і вже після 14 днів токсичний вплив на біоту в середньому зменшився на 10 %. Отже, використання пребіотиків дає змогу значно підвищити ефективність очистки ґрунту від важких металів, що в перспективі надає можливість повернути забруднені землі у господарський обіг. The article assesses the impact of landfill of solid household waste (for example, landfill of waste from the city of Poltava) on biota due to the determination of the phytotoxic influence of contaminated soil on the growth, growth and root system of plants Triticum aestivum. It has been established that the level of depression of growth processes in this soil is higher than average, which indicates the high content of heavy metals in the given soil and their toxic effect on the biota at the location of the landfill. It was substantiated that using «Sviteco-PBG» prebiotic can significantly improve the soil quality, and after 14 days the toxic effect on biota has decreased by 10 % on average. Thus, the use of prebiotics can significantly improve the efficiency of soil cleaning from heavy metals, which in the long run provides an opportunity to return the contaminated land to economic circulation.

scholarly journals The cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) – a viable solution for bioremediating soils polluted with heavy metals

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 2095-2113
Author(s):  
Radu L. SUMALAN ◽  
Cornelia MUNTEAN ◽  
Ana KOSTOV ◽  
Daniel KRŽANOVIĆ ◽  
Noemi L. JUCSOR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Alert Threshold

Heavy metal pollution, manifested by the accumulation, toxicity and persistence in soil, water, air, and living organisms, is a major environmental problem that requires energetic resolution. Mining tailing areas contain metal minerals such as Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr and Cd in high concentrations that pollute the environment and pose threats to human health. Phytoremediation represents a sustainable, long-term, and relatively inexpensive strategy, thus proving to be convenient for stabilizing and improving the environment in former heavy metal-polluted mining sites. This study presents the bioremediation potential of Silphium perfoliatum L. plants, in the vegetative stages of leaf rosette formation, grown on soil polluted with heavy metals from mining dumps in Moldova-Noua, in the Western part of Romania. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF), translocation factor (TF), metal uptake (MU) and removal efficiency (RE) of Cu, Zn, Cr and Pb by S. perfoliatum plants were determined in a potted experiment in controlled environmental conditions. The reference quantities of heavy metals have been determined in the studied soil sample. The experiment followed the dynamics of the translocation and accumulation of heavy metals in the soil, in the various organs of the silphium plants, during the formation of the leaf rosette (13-18 BBCH). The determination of the amount of heavy metals in soil and plants was achieved by the method of digestion with hydrochloric and nitric acid 3/1 (v/v) quantified by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The obtained experimental results demonstrate that the substrate has a high heavy metal content being at the alert threshold for Zn (260.01 mg kg-1 in substrate compared with alert threshold 300 mg kg-1) and at intervention thresholds for other metals (Cu -234.66 mg kg-1/200 mg kg-1; 299.08 mg kg-1/300 mg kg-1 and Pb-175.18 mg kg-1/100 mg kg-1). The average concentration of the metals determined in dynamics in the dry biomass of plants varied between roots, petioles, and laminas. The root is the main accumulator for Cu and Cr (Cu – 37.32 mg kg-1 -13 BBCH to 43.89 mg kg-1-15 BBCH and 80.71 mg kg-1 – 18 BBCH; Cr – 57.43 mg kg-1 – 13 BBCH to 93.36 mg kg-1 -18 BBCH), and for Zn and Pb the lamina seems to carry the same function. Preliminary results show that Silphium perfoliatum may be a viable alternative in the bioremediation and treatment of heavy metal-contaminated area.

Determining the Concentration of Some Heavy Metals in Olt River. The Impact of the Heavy Metals from the Waste Waters from Rm. V�lcea Chemical Plant over Natural Emissary River Olt

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Valentin Branescu ◽  
Alexandru Popescu ◽  
Daniela Marinescu
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Waste Waters ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Spectrometry Method ◽  
The Impact

The pollution of water surfaces with heavy metals often has disastrous effects on environment. That is why the determination of heavy metals� concentrations at levels of ppm or ppb is strictly necessary. This paper presents a method for the determination of these components� ( Ni, Cr, Zn, Fe, Cu) distribution on the Olt river course - their impact on the Olt river- as a result of the evacuation of waste water with toxic heavy metals from Rm.Valcea Chemical Platfom. The most toxic heavy metals determined were: Ni, Cr, Zn, Fe, Cu,. The concentration of these metals was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry method (AAS) using an analyzer type A ANALYST 700.

scholarly journals Pesticides: Behavior in Agricultural Soil and Plants

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 5370
Author(s):  
Lydia Bondareva ◽  
Nataliia Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Model Experiments ◽  
Plant System ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Agricultural Food

This review considers potential approaches to solve an important problem concerning the impact of applied pesticides of various classes on living organisms, mainly agricultural crops used as food. We used the method of multi-residual determination of several pesticides in agricultural food products with its practical application for estimating pesticides in real products and in model experiments. The distribution of the pesticide between the components of the soil-plant system was studied with a pesticide of the sulfonylureas class, i.e., rimsulfuron. Autoradiography showed that rimsulfuron inhibits the development of plants considered as weeds. Cereals are less susceptible to the effects of pesticides such as acetamiprid, flumetsulam and florasulam, while the development of legume shoots was inhibited with subsequent plant death.

scholarly journals Assessment of Heavy Metals and Proximate Analysis of Cocoa Beans from Selected Cocoa Growing Areas in Ghana

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-46
Author(s):  
William Asante Nnuro ◽  
Daniel Amankwaah ◽  
Johannes A. M. Awudza ◽  
Samuel Afful
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Aqua Regia ◽  
Sample Digestion ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Living Organisms

The levels of six selected heavy metals namely: lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) have been investigated in cocoa beans sampled from Bekwai, Juaso, Kaspen, Asampaneye and Asamakese, five major cocoa-growing communities in Ghana. Aqua regia digestion procedure was applied for sample digestion and atomic absorption spectroscopy was used for the determination of the metals. The method for the determination of the metals was validated by analyzing standard reference material and levels of metals obtained compared favourably with reported values. Samples were also subjected to proximate analysis by determining moisture, ash, fibre, fat, protein and carbohydrate nutritional compositions of the beans. Method of proximate analysis as reported by Association of analytical chemists (AOAC) was used for estimation of nutritional compositions. Indeed, lead and cadmium concentrations were the lowest in all the samples. The generally high concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn in the samples were anticipated as they are regarded essential in living organisms. The mean concentrations expressed in µg/g ranged from 0.013 to 0.042 for Pb, 25.36 to 54.24 for Cd, 36.94 to 58.71 for Zn, 7.12 to 64.65 for Mn and 10.14 to 54.17 for Cu. Proximate analysis of the cocoa beans showed carbohydrate and fat as the nutrients with the dominant composition. Correlation analysis of the metals and nutritional compositions indicated no clear relationship between the levels of the metals and the nutrients.

scholarly journals Determination of Toxicological Parameters of Selected Bioactive Organic Chemicals Using the Ostracodtoxkit FTM

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 113-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Błażej Kudłak ◽  
Monika Wieczerzak ◽  
Jacek Namieśnik
Keyword(s):  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Emerging Pollutants ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Toxic Drug ◽  
Sensitive Tool ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Complex Subject

Abstract Assessment of the impact of pharmaceutical residues on living organisms is very complex subject. Apart from taking into account the toxicity of individual compounds also their presence in mixtures should be taken into account. In this work, attempts were made to assess the ecotoxicity of biologically active substances (with 50 % effective concentration (EC50) values growing from fluoxetine (EC50 = 4.431 nM) >> gemfibrozil ≈ 17α-ethinylestradiol ≈ ketorolac > indomethacin > theophylline ≈ progesterone > naproxen ≈ trypsin > 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)propionic acid > chloramphenicol > acetylsalicylic acid > ibuprofen > ketoprofen > 19-norethindrone to bezafibrate as the least toxic drug among studied ones) to the ISO standardized Ostracodtoxkit FTM bioassay. The Ostracodtoxkit FTM was proven to be very sensitive tool with respect to responding to presence of pharmaceuticals. Results of studies justify the statement that more research is needed in field of assessment of chronic exposure to pharmaceuticals and other newly emerging pollutants especially when they are present in complex mixture.

Morava jako multietnický organismus: problémy jazyka a identity v letech 1848–1918

2019 ◽  
pp. 158-170
Author(s):  
Jiří Malíř
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Linguistically Diverse ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Linguistic Islands

The study deals with the development of linguistic, ethnic and international relationships in Moravia in 1848–1918 and their specific features. The focus is mainly on the complex relationships between Czech-speaking and German-speaking inhabitants of Moravia and the aspects that played a key role in them. These included a complicated settlement situation given by the mixing of Czech and German inhabitants (the numerous ‘German linguistic islands’), the economic influence of Jewish inhabitants on international relations in linguistically diverse cities, the impact of social and economic status of various groups of inhabitants on their voting and political participation, the unevenness in the promotion of national identity and the effects of Czech-German international compromise of 1905. The application of the principle of personal autonomy led to alleviation of international tensions as well as an increased demand for legal determination of nationality.

scholarly journals Impact of Artana mine on heavy metal pollution of the Marec river in Kosovo

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Milaim Sadiku ◽  
Sadija Kadriu ◽  
Mensur Kelmendi ◽  
Letafete Latifi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
The Impact

Purpose. This paper aims to reflect the extent of the impact of the Artana mine on heavy metal pollution of the waters of the Marec river. Mineralogical pollution of this river resulted in almost total degradation of biota. Methods. To be as realistic as possible in assessing the water quality of the Marec river and of a single spring located in the research area and used for drinking, we have applied the standard methods ISO 5667-6 for surface water and ISO 5667-11 for groundwater. The sampling and the quantity of the samples, as well as their transportation, was done in full compliance with the ISO 5667-1.3 method. Whereas, the conservation of samples taken for the determination of heavy metals is done according to the APHA conservation procedure. For the extraction (mineralization) of heavy metals in the samples taken, the EPA-3015A method was applied, while for the determination of the concentration of heavy metals the SAA (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry) measurement technique was applied. Findings. As a result of the industrial activity of the Artana mine, it has been ascertained that the main causes of the pollution of the Marec river waters and the habitat around it is the mineral exploitation activity in this industrial complex. Analysis of water samples discharged from the mine, flotation and drainage of landfills reflect the real state of heavy metals concentration in the Marec river. Originality. In order for the results to realistically reflect the degree of heavy metals concentration in the waters of this river, we have implemented existing and advanced analytical techniques. Practical implications. The water samples from the Marec river were taken and analyzed in January and July 2020. The analysis performed showed significant exceedance of heavy metals concentration in all sampling sites located in the studied industrial area.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF THE IMPACT OF HEAVY METALS ON EMBRYOGENESIS IN RATS

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 242
Author(s):  
V. F. Shatorna ◽  
V. I. Garets ◽  
I. I. Kononova ◽  
O. G. Slesarenko
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Heavy Metals and Physicochemical Parameters Evaluation in the Upper Reaches of Bonny River, Niger Delta, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1341-1348
Author(s):  
J.A. Akankali ◽  
I.C. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Accumulation Factor ◽  
Routine Monitoring ◽  
The Impact

The objectives of the study were to determine distribution of heavy metal contamination in water, sediments and biota (Callinectes amniciola) of the upper reaches of the Bonny Estuary and to determine the impact on physicochemical characteristics of the water body. Sampled was from January to June 2020. The physicochemical parameters of the water varied slightly across the months but were within FEPA/WHO (2003) acceptable limits. Furthermore; the study compared the seasonal variations and determination of Bio-accumulation Factor (BF) of C. amnicola with respect to sediment. The study site is a tidal creek that drains into the main Bonny River channel within Niger Delta, Nigeria. The sampled locations/stations include Trans-Amadi slaughter in Azuabie {N4°81'49.9 and E7°04'63.4}, Okpoka Creek in Abuloma {N4°78'02.43 and E7°06'66.12} and Okirika Jetty {N4°73'70.04 and E7°09'56.93}. Samples of surface water, sediments and swimming crabs were collected from three different stations which were at least 1000 meters apart. The results of this study show that concentrations of the heavy metals (Fe and Zn) were both higher in the three media than the approved limits prescribed by the local regulatory authority. Although Cu was relatively within acceptable limit in the three media. There is therefore the need to control the anthropogenic activities within or around the river. This will help to prevent effluent and solid waste discharges that lead to increase in the concentration of heavy metals in the aquatic environment. Routine monitoring should be encouraged to identify the major sources of heavy metals introduction into the river and their impacts on the aquatic resources.

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