scholarly journals Change of physical indicators of cherry fruit depending on treatment by polysaccharide compositions during storage

Author(s):  
O. Vasylyshyna ◽  

Currently, the problem of environmental pollution has become important, so the development of biodegradable films based on polysaccharide coatings, which could completely replace plastic is relevant. The purpose of research conducted with cherries of the varieties Alpha and Memory Artemenko, grown at the research station of pomology named after LP Simirenko IS NAAS − to establish the effect of treatment (100 mg/l) with a solution of salicylic acid; (1 %) chitosan with (100 mg/l) salicylic acid; (1 %) chitosan; on physical indicators: microstructure, density and weight loss of cherry fruits during storage at a temperature of 1 ± 0.5°C and relative humidity of 95±1 %. As a result of the conducted researches it was established that pre-treatment of cherry fruits with 100 mg/l with salicylic acid and 1 % chitosan affected the microstructure of mesocarp. The density of cherries of the varieties Alpha and Memory Artemenko, after storage decreased by 40.8 % and 45.2 %. In fruits treated with salicylic acid, the losses were 29.2 and 31.4 %, and 1 % solution of chitosan with salicylic acid −18,2 % and 12,6 %. Fruits pre-treated with a solution of salicylic acid have a lower weight loss of 3,5−3,4 %, and with the combined action of salicylic acid and chitosan – 2,7−3,0 %. The prospect of further research is to determine the physical changes of cherry fruits of different varieties by pre-treatment with a solution of salicylic acid and chitosan.

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
O. Vasylyshyna

Cherry is a widespread crop in Ukraine, it is a valuable source of vitamins and antioxidants though it is a perishable food unit. Therefore, the search for storage technologies using new types of packaging is underway. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of treatment on the composition of chitosan and salicylic acid on the physico-chemical characteristics of cherry fruits during the storage. For research, the fruits of the cherry varieties of Alfa and Pam’yat Artemenka, grown at the pomology research station named after L.P. Symyrenko of the Institute of Pomology of NAAN, the day before harvesting were treated with a solution of chitosan with salicylic acid and then dried for a day. Picked from the trees in the consumer stage of ripeness, the fruit were put in boxes №5 weighing 5 kg for storage at a temperature of 1±0.5 °C and a relative humidity of 95±1 %. Untreated fruits were taken as the control. According to the research results, the output of marketed cherry fruit of Alpha and Pam’yat Artemenka remained at the level of 85.2 % and 83.6 %, respectively, in 15 days of storage with the weight loss of 5.4−5.7 %, the content of soluble solids decreased by 8.9–10.1 %, titrated acids 2 times, ascorbic acid – 1,7–1,9 times. Compared to the control, the treatment of cherry fruits with salicylic acid solution allowed to increase the yield of marketable products by 2.4−2.2 %, to reduce the weight loss to 3.5−3.4 %, the solids content by 3.8−4.4 %, titrated acids – by 41.8 −48 %, ascorbic acid – 36.1 and 33.3 %. The cherry fruit pretreatment with 1 % solution of chitosan with salicylic acid is the most effective and contributes to an increase in the yield of marketable products by 7.8–8.6 % for the weight loss of 2.7–3 %. Losses of soluble solids content were 1.3–1.9 %, titratable acids 24.6–44 %, ascorbic acid 18.3–19.8 %. Key words: cherry fruits, soluble solids, titrated acids, ascorbic acid, storage, chitosan, salicylic acid.


Author(s):  
О. В. Василишина

Плоди вишні мають короткий термін зберігання, всього лише 15 діб при температурі 0 °С. Продовжити його можна шляхом застосування відповідних заходів первинної обробки та зберігання продукції. Один з них – обробка плодів вишні розчином саліцилової кислоти перед зберіганням. Метою нашої роботи було вивчення впливу попередньої обробки розчином саліцилової кислоти на хімічний склад плодів вишні. Для цього плоди вишні сортів Шпанка та Лотівка 2016–2017 року врожаю обприскували за день до збирання водним розчином 50 мг/л чи 100 мг/л саліцилової кислоти. Висушували природним шляхом. Через 24 години знімали з дерева плоди, типові за забарвленням та формою, укладали в ящики №5 по 5 кг у кожний згідно з методичними вказівками щодо зберігання плодів, овочів та винограду. Зберігали в умовах холодильних камер кафедри технології зберігання і переробки плодів та овочів за температури 5±0,5 °С та відносної вологості повітря 95±1 %. Обробка плодів вишні розчином саліцилової кислоти дала змогу подовжити термін зберігання до 21 доби. Найефективнішою виявилась обробка 100 мг/л розчином саліцилової кислоти. Природні втрати маси при цьому становлять 4,9–5,1 %, втрати у вмісті сухих розчинних речовин – 5,3–6,6 %, кислот – 12,3–9 %. Вміст аскорбінової кислоти знижується в 1,3–1,1 рази. Cherry is fruit with a short shelf  life of only 15 days at the temperature of 0 °С. Every year about 20% of product losses are due to the lack of appropriate measures for primary processing and storage of products. Salicylic acid plays an important role in a wide range of physiological and metabolic reactions, including delayed maturation, by delaying the synthesis of ethylene and reducing the physiological diseases of the fruit. However, the effect of treatment with salicylic acid on cherry fruits and their physiological and biochemical parameters has not been investigated. Therefore, the purpose of our work was to study the effect of pre-treatment with salicylic acid solution on the chemical composition of cherry fruit. For this purpose, the day before harvesting with the cherry varieties of  Shpanka and Lotivka of the yield of the year 2016−2017 were sprayed the aqueous solution of 50 mg/l or 100 mg/l of salicylic acid. They were dried by natural way. After 24 hours, the fruit of typical colour and shape were taken from the tree, placed in boxes of 5 to 5 kg each, according to the guidelines for the storage of fruit, vegetables, and grapes. We preserved them in the conditions of the refrigerating chambers of the department of the technology of storage and processing of fruit and vegetables at the temperature of 5±0,5°С and relative humidity of  95±1%. The options were the following: control − unprocessed fruit and cherry fruit treated with a solution of 50 mg/l or 100 mg/l of salicylic acid. The processing of cherry fruit with a solution of salicylic acid allowed to extend the shelf life to 21 days. The most effective treatment was 100 mg/l solution of salicylic acid. Natural mass losses in this case are 4.9−5.1 %, losses in the content of dry soluble substances 5.3−6.6%, acids 12.3−9%, the losses of ascorbic acid are reduced in 1.3−1.1 times. As the results of the correlation analysis showed, the level of natural mass losses strongly is correlated with the content of ascorbic acid (r = -0.65) and titrated acids (r = -0.57). The weight loss factor has the greatest influence on the type of treatment (85.6%).


Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1782
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel Tirado-Gallegos ◽  
Paul Baruk Zamudio-Flores ◽  
Miguel Espino-Díaz ◽  
René Salgado-Delgado ◽  
Gilber Vela-Gutiérrez ◽  
...  

High molecular weight chitosan (≈322 kDa) was obtained from chitin isolated from Brachystola magna (Girard) to produced biodegradable films. Their physicochemical, mechanical and water vapor permeability (WVP) properties were compared against commercial chitosan films with different molecular weights. Brachystola magna chitosan films (CFBM) exhibited similar physicochemical and mechanical characteristics to those of commercial chitosans. The CFBM films presented lower WVP values (10.01 × 10−11 g/m s Pa) than commercial chitosans films (from 16.06 × 10−11 to 64.30 × 10−11 g/m s Pa). Frankfurt-type sausages were covered with chitosan films and stored in refrigerated conditions (4 °C). Their quality attributes (color, weight loss, pH, moisture, texture and lipid oxidation) were evaluated at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days. Sausages covered with CFMB films presented the lowest weight loss (from 1.24 to 2.38%). A higher increase in hardness (from 22.32 to 30.63 N) was observed in sausages covered with CFMB films. Compared with other films and the control (uncovered sausages), CFMB films delay pH reduction. Moreover, this film presents the lower lipid oxidation level (0.10 malonaldehyde mg/sample kg). Thus, chitosan of B. magna could be a good alternative as packaging material for meat products with high-fat content.


Author(s):  
P H Whiting ◽  
D J King ◽  
A Ireland ◽  
M A Ratcliffe ◽  
A A Dawson

The activity of the lysosomal hydrolase N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) was measured in the urine of patients with leukaemia or myeloma. Elevated pre-treatment enzymuria was noted in all patient groups with acute myeloblastic leukaemias (AML) FAB type M4 or 5 displaying higher activities than AML patients FAB types M1–3, which in turn were higher than those found in patients with myelomatosis and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. The ratio of the major isoenzymes of NAG, A/B was reduced significantly only in patients with AML. Following treatment, AML patients who entered remission demonstrated NAG levels which approached normal values. In those AML patients who were either in relapse, in the terminal phase of their illness or treated with aminoglycoside antibiotics, NAG enzymuria was similar to pre-treatment values. A reduction in urinary NAG levels and both serum and urine β2 microglobulin concentrations was also observed following treatment in myeloma patients. The use of enzymuria both as a guide to progress towards remission in AML patients and for assessing prognosis and progress in myeloma patients is discussed.


2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Tadele Tefera ◽  
Addis Teshome ◽  
Charles Singano

A study was conducted for 12 months to evaluate the effectiveness of two improved hermetic storage structures against two maize storage pests Sitophilus zeamais and Prostephanus truncatus at Liwufu Research Station, Malawi. The storages were metal silo and hermetic bag; Actellic super dust was included as a control. The treatments (storages) were replicated four times under natural and artificial infestations. Grain stored in metal silo had the lowest mean percentage weight loss, 1.04% to 1.25%, 12 months after storage followed by hermetic bag, 2.46% to 6.64%. Grain treated with Actellic super had the highest weight loss, 4.86% to 18.72%. The study showed that hermetic storage structures can be promoted as effective alternative non-chemical methods of grain storage for small holder farmers in Malawi.


2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Geransayeh ◽  
Sadegh Sepahvand ◽  
Vahid Abdossi

Strawberries are an extremely perishable fruit mainly due to their soft texture and sensitivity to fungal infection. Postharvest application of conventional fungicides to fruits is prohibited. As an alternative to fungicides, salicylic acid has been found to enhance disease resistance of horticultural crops. In order to study the effect of salicylic acid as a phenolic compound on the postharvest durability and quality characteristics of strawberry fruit. ‘Gaviota’ strawberries were treated with SA at different concentrations (0, 25, 50 and 100 µlL-1), then stored for 12 days at 4 ˚C and 75 % RH in darkness. Two different methods were applied (spray SA on fruits and paper disk method). Quality attributes such as weight loss, pH, TA, TSS, vitamin C, anthocyanin, calcium, pectin, CAT, POD, PG activity, decay percentage and sensory analyses evaluated every 3 days during storage. Results showed that, treated fruits with SA had lower weight loss, pH, TSS, POD, PG, decay and higher TA, vitamin C, anthocyanin, calcium, pectin, CAT and fruit quality compared with controls. Between two methods of treatment, paper disk method had higher effect on fruit decay and quality compared to spray method and as a general result, caused longer storability.


DYNA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (207) ◽  
pp. 135-142
Author(s):  
Sonia Gallego-Castillo ◽  
Alfredo Adolfo Ayala-Aponte

In response to increasing consumer demand for high-quality, easy-to-prepare foods, it is necessary to develop innovative ways to use roots and tubers, such as sweet potatoes, in processed foods. Thus, two thermal processes were evaluated, freezing-cooking (F+C) and blanching-freezing-cooking (B+F+C) on the physical properties of the orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) cultivar, which has a high content of β-carotene, in terms of drip loss (Δm), volume variation (ΔV), color, and texture. Cylindrical samples of OFSP were used. Blanched and unblanched samples were stored by freezing, at -18 °C for 2 months, and subsequently cooked at 95 °C. The blanching process was carried out at 95 °C for 2 min. The results showed that, when blanching was used as a pre-treatment for freezing-cooking, a product with fewer physical changes, with a lighter and more intense color (chroma), and with a lower loss of elasticity (Ed) and firmness (F) was obtained.


2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Bawa ◽  
Lingyang Feng ◽  
Li Yan ◽  
Yongli Du ◽  
Jing Shang ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
O R Ghosh-Swaby ◽  
S G Goodman ◽  
L A Leiter ◽  
A Cheng ◽  
K Connelly ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Glucose lowering drugs or strategies (GLDS) have varied effects on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and heart failure (HF) in cardiovascular outcomes trials. Mechanisms driving cardiovascular risk reduction remain elusive. Methods We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, and meeting abstracts up to 11/21/2018 for large GLDS cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) in patients with or at risk for type 2 diabetes. Primary endpoints of MACE and HF were evaluated with random effects risk ratios (RR) and explored by baseline CVD subgroups and meta-regression by weight change across treatment arms. Results In 27 GLDS CVOTs, a total 207,820 patients, median age 63 years, 64% male, 64% CVD and 11% with prior HF were studied over a mean 3.8 years with 20,118 (10%) patients having MACE and 7,212 (4%) a HF event. Compared with standard care, GLDS overall lowered MACE (RR 0.92, P<0.ehz745.01171) but not HF (RR 1.01, P=0.91). Across GLDS, the magnitude and directionality varied modestly for MACE RR (P-int=0.07) but markedly for HF (P-int<0.ehz745.01171). Meta-regression showed a change in HF RR by 6% (95% CI 3%-9%) per 1 kg weight gain/loss between treatment arms (P=0.0006; Figure). In 9 trials of GLDS that achieved marked weight loss (lifestyle, GLP1 agonists, SGLT2 inhibitors), MACE benefit was confined to patients with baseline CVD (RR 0.89 [0.84–0.95] versus without (RR 1.02 [0.91–1.15]; P-int=0.01) with consistent HF effect (RR 0.80 [0.72–0.88] vs RR 0.76 [0.56–1.03]; P-int=0.74). Heart Failure Risk and Changes in Weight Conclusion HF outcomes were improved with GLDS that lower weight. Among diabetes GLDS that lower weight, there was a robust risk reduction in atherothrombotic and heart failure events, with the MACE benefit confined to patients with established CVD. Acknowledgement/Funding Heart and Stroke Foundation


2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 3184-3190
Author(s):  
Armando Rosales ◽  
Enrique Elli ◽  
Scott Lynch ◽  
Gretchen Ames ◽  
Mauricia Buchanan ◽  
...  

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