scholarly journals Features of genetic population parameters of Ukrainian local chicken breeds on TLR4 locus

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
L.V. Shulika ◽  
◽  
R.O. Kulibaba ◽  
Yu.V. Liashenko ◽  
G.I. Sakhatsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Chicken Breeds ◽  
Tlr4 Locus

The rational use of the genetic resources of local breeds of farm animals in the framework of the concept of sustainable development is impossible without prior analysis. Now, to assess the genetic characteristics of breeds, lines, and populations, various DNA technologies are widely used, including DNA markers of economically useful traits. The use of target gene mutations as DNA markers, in addition to directly assessing genetic resources, provides the basis for marker-associated selection. One of the promising target genes that can be considered in the context of increasing chicken resistance to bacterial diseases is the toll-like TLR4 receptor gene. The features of the genetic-population parameters of local Ukrainian chicken breeds (Birkivska barvysta and Poltava clay) by the TLR4 locus, namely, by the G3954C mutation, were analyzed using the PCR-RFLP method. As a result, both alternative alleles, A і B, and all possible variants of genotypes were revealed in the experimental populations. In both breeds, the allele B prevailed in frequency (0.90 for the Birkivskaya barvysta; 0.63 for the Poltava clay). The frequency of the allele A was 0.10 for the Birkivskaya barvysta breed; for Poltava clay – 0.37. The frequency of genotypes AA, AB, and BB was as follows: 0.02; 0.16 and 0.82 for the Birkivskaya barvysta; 0.12; 0.50 and 0.38 for Poltava clay, respectively. Certain differences between the breeds in the frequencies of genotypes and alleles are statistically significant (P ≤ 0.01). Both experimental chicken populations at the TLR4 locus are in a state of genetic equilibrium. The Poltava clay breed was characterized by high levels of observed and expected heterozygosity, while for the Birkivska barvysta, these indicators were significantly lower. The levels of the Wright fixation index were low for both breeds, but in the case of the Birkivska barvysta, they indicated a slight deficit of heterozygotes, in the case of the Poltava clay, on the contrary, their “excess”. The values of the indicator of the effective number of alleles were 1.22 (Birkivska barvysta) and 1.87 (Poltava clay). The revealed features of the genetic-population indicators of the studied breeds may be due to the difference in their origin and productivity direction.

scholarly journals Geographic Origin and Genetic Characteristics of Japanese Indigenous Chickens Inferred from Mitochondrial D-Loop Region and Microsatellite DNA Markers

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2074
Author(s):  
Ayano Hata ◽  
Atsushi Takenouchi ◽  
Keiji Kinoshita ◽  
Momomi Hirokawa ◽  
Takeshi Igawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Markers ◽  
Microsatellite Dna ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Indigenous Chickens ◽  
Loop Region ◽  
Microsatellite Dna Markers ◽  
D Loop ◽  
Chicken Breeds

Japanese indigenous chickens have a long breeding history, possibly beginning 2000 years ago. Genetic characterization of Japanese indigenous chickens has been performed using mitochondrial D-loop region and microsatellite DNA markers. Their phylogenetic relationships with chickens worldwide and genetic variation within breeds have not yet been examined. In this study, the genetic characteristics of 38 Japanese indigenous chicken breeds were assessed by phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial D-loop sequences compared with those of indigenous chicken breeds overseas. To evaluate the genetic relationships among Japanese indigenous chicken breeds, a STRUCTURE analysis was conducted using 27 microsatellite DNA markers. D-loop sequences of Japanese indigenous chickens were classified into five major haplogroups, A–E, among 15 haplogroups found in chickens worldwide. The haplogroup composition suggested that Japanese indigenous chickens originated mainly from China, with some originating from Southeast Asia. The STRUCTURE analyses revealed that Japanese indigenous chickens are genetically differentiated from chickens overseas; Japanese indigenous chicken breeds possess distinctive genetic characteristics, and Jidori breeds, which have been reared in various regions of Japan for a long time, are genetically close to each other. These results provide new insights into the history of chickens around Asia in addition to novel genetic data for the conservation of Japanese indigenous chickens.

scholarly journals JUSTIFICATION OF CANDIDATE POLYMORPHISMS USAGE IN MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION OF UKRAINIAN MEATY PIG BREED

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
Vladimir Rossokha ◽  
Yelyzaveta Oliinychenko ◽  
Yelena Boyko ◽  
Elena Zaderikhina
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Marker Selection ◽  
Genotype Frequencies

Effective selection in pig breeding is not possible without involvement of new approaches which involve the assessment animal genotypes at the DNA level. The development of methods for determining the polymorphisms in candidate genes that are responsible for the manifestation of economic traits is the basis of modern marker selection technology (MAS). Currently, a number of DNA markers have been developed for use in the breeding of farm animals. In this case, the most informative were single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes. However, despite the significant amount of scientific research, the problem of development and implementation of DNA markers for breeds of Ukrainian selection remains relevant. The results of SNPs study of RYR1, CTSF and CTSD genes by PCR-RFLP method are presented. The initial stage for implementing marker selection for single nucleotide polymorphisms is conducting genetic-population analysis in the studied population of Ukrainian Meaty pig breed. It was found that SNP RYR1 g. 1843 C>T was characterized by low polymorphism, the minor allele g. 1843 T met with a frequency of q = 0.05. SNP CTSD g. 70 G>A had a low level of representativeness, allele g. 70 A prevailed at a frequency of q = 0.92. It was found that SNP CTSF g. 22 G>C was characterized by a sufficient level of representativeness, both alleles were detected with a predominance of the allele frequency g. 22 G (q=0.80). In the population of Ukrainian Meaty pig breed, there was a statistically confirmed deviation of genotype frequencies from SNP-balanced CTSF g. 22 G> C (χ2 = 28.125) and CTSD g. 70 G> A (χ2 = 26,518). In the future, SNPs of CTSF, CTSD genes can be used for associative studies to find a link between markers and signs of pig productivity and the introduction of marker-associated selection in the UM pig breed.

scholarly journals SVITLANA VOITENKO A SCIENTIFIED SCIENTIST IN ANIMAL SELECTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 19-20
Author(s):  
O. Sydorenko ◽  
P. Dzhus
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Animal Breeding ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Parental Form ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Agrarian Policy ◽  
Breeding And Genetics ◽  
Scientific Officer

The renowned scientist and teacher of the Chief Scientific Officer of the Laboratory of the Animal Genetic Resources Bank of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics nd. a. M.V.Zubets of National Academy of Agrarian Science Svitlana Voitenko turned 60 on November 12, 2019. Svitlana Voitenko was born on November 12, 1959 in Poltava. She graduated from the 24 th high school and zoo-engineering faculty of the Poltava Agricultural Institute.From 1977 to 2006 she worked at the Institute of Pig Breeding of the UAAS. During 1990–1993 she went to graduate school of the same scientific institution. Since 2006 he has been working as a leading researcher, since 2008 – chief researcher at the gene pool laboratory of the breeds of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics of UAAS. In 2008, Svitlana Voitenko was appointed head of the genetic resources sector in the pig breeding of this institution. Since February 2010, Svitlana Voitenko begins her pedagogical activity as the head of the breeding and genetics of agricultural animals department of the Poltava State Agrarian Academy. From September 2019 to the present time he has been working as the Chief Scientific Officer of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics nd. a. M.V.Zubets of NAAS. The degree of Candidate of Agricultural Sciences in the specialty "Breeding and Breeding of Animals" on the basis of the defense (1994) of the dissertation on the topic "Selection and genetic characteristics of pigs of Myrhorod breed and their use in combination with boars of the parental form". The senior scientist was awarded the academic title in 2001. In 2008 she defended her dissertation for a scientific degree on "Methods of improvement of pigs of the Myrhorod breed and preservation of her gene pool". Professor she was awarded the academic title in 2013. Professor S. Voytenko's research is aimed at developing breeding and genetic methods for improving the productivity of farm animals and controlling product quality, as well as maintaining the gene pool of small local pigs of Ukraine. Under the methodological guidance of S. Voitenko new lines and families in the Myrhorod breed were created and tested. She participated in the development of the State Standards of Ukraine.She has published about 250 scientific papers. She is active in inventing activities, has 11 patents and copyright certificates for inventions. Under the methodical guidance of S. Voitenko, 7 PhD theses are defended and another 1 graduate student is being trained. She was awarded with certificates of honor from the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, the Ministry of Agrarian Policy of Ukraine, the Department of Education and Science of the Poltava Regional State Administration. The staff of the Institute sincerely congratulates dear Svitlana and wishes her good health, happiness, inexhaustible energy, relentless movement forward to new achievements and impressions!

CONNECTION g.307 G > A SNP POLYMORPHISM OF THE ALPHA-FUKOZYLTRASFERAZA 1 GENE WITH ECONOMIC-USEFUL TRAITS IN THE LARGE WHITE PIG BREED

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 134-140
Author(s):  
H. S. Rudoman ◽  
V. M. Balatsky ◽  
V. Y. Nor ◽  
V. O. Vovk
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Information Content ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Its Sequencing ◽  
Large White ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
High Level

One of the top priorities at the present stage of development of pig breeding remains the development of a set of measures aimed at increasing the resistance animals to various diseases, especially – to colibacteriosis .One of the recent and effective approaches to prevent colibacillosis is using markers of selection; it involves pig genotyping by genome locuses. Chosen locuses are associated with animal sensitivity to the disease and selection of the results of genotyping of animals with increased resistance. Due to researches, one of such locuses is alpha-fukozyltrasferаza 1 gene (FUT1). Gene FUT1 is located in chromosome 6. As a result of its sequencing in the swine breeds of Large White and Swedish Landrace, single-nucleotide polymorphism (g.307 G > A SNP) has been detected. AA genotype determines the resistance of animals to colibacteriosis, while AG and GG genotypes are susceptible to this disease. According to the results of previous studies, the positive effect of allele A was determined not only on the resistance of pigs to colibacteriosis, but also on indicators of fattening and meat productivity and on reproductive performance. In Ukraine, the studies of polymorphism FUT1 g.307 G > A SNP were held fragmentedly and only on certain populations of Ukrainian Meat and Large White breed but without establishing its association with the indicators of productivity of pigs. The aim of our work was to study the genetic structure of Ukrainian Large White breeds, type 1 and the establishment of association. g. 307 G > A SNP FUT1 gene with pigs indicators of productivity. For research the 96 samples of hair were used. DNA isolation from samples with biomaterial were carried out using ion exchange resin Chelex-100. Genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP by method of Jorgensen et al. (2006). Using DNA analysis of this breeds locus FUT1 was determined by genetic structure. Allele frequency of allele G (0,573) and allele A (0,427) was established The distribution of genotype frequencies was not statistically significantly different from the theoretically expected, calculated by the Hardy-Weinberg criterion. Thus, according to the locus of FUT1 g.307 G > A, the breeds investigated are in a state close to the genetic equilibrium. The negative value of the fixation index by the locus FUT1 g.307 G > A indicates an excess of heterozygotes in the population, and hence the lack of targeted selection for this marker. The valuation was performed by calculating the PIC (polymorphic information content) – information content of polymorphism marker. In the analyzed pig herd for this marker, the PIC has an average value (0,367), which indicates the high level of polymorphism of the given locus and is favorable for the possibility of conducting a search for links between individual genotypes and indicators of productivity. To establish the association g.307 G > A SNP FUT1 gene with indicators of animal productivity, a one-way analysis of variance of the experimental data was used. Based on the results of a one-way analysis of variance, a significant effect of the genotypes of the FUT1gene (g.1849 G > C) on the indicator of the average daily weight gain (р ≤ 0,001), the thickness of the bacon at the level of the VI-VII vertebrae (p ≤ 0.01), reaching live weight of 100 kg (р ≤ 0,001) and breeding index of fattening qualities (р ≤ 0,01) was found. The parameter of the influence of the genetic factor on the test feature was 28,54%, 10,4%, 33,4% and 8,8% respectively. According to the investigated indicators of productivity, animals with genotype AA, which determines resistance to colibacteriosis, dominated the animals with genotypes GG and AG. Based on the results of our research and pre-published data, the multiple effect of the g.307 G > A SNP FUT1 gene is observed, which is associated with the indicators of productivity, which again confirms the polygenicity of the quantitative trait loci of farm animals. Taking into account a high level of polymorphism of the investigated gene and reliable associations of genotypes with indicators of productivity found, it can be recommended to carry out breeding of pigs using genetic information of the g.307 G > A SNP gene FUT1.

scholarly journals Variance additivity of genetic populational parameter estimates obtained through bootstrapping

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Aparecida Carlini-Garcia ◽  
Roland Vencovsky ◽  
Alexandre Siqueira Guedes Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Bootstrap Method ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Population Structure Analysis ◽  
Resampling Procedure ◽  
Variance Estimates

Studying the genetic structure of natural populations is very important for conservation and use of the genetic variability available in nature. This research is related to genetic population structure analysis using real and simulated molecular data. To obtain variance estimates of pertinent parameters, the bootstrap resampling procedure was applied over different sampling units, namely: individuals within populations (I), populations (P), and individuals and populations simultaneously (I, P). The considered parameters were: the total fixation index (F or F IT), the fixation index within populations (f or F IS) and the divergence among populations or intrapopulation coancestry (theta or F ST). The aim of this research was to verify if the variance estimates of <IMG SRC="/img/fbpe/sa/v60n1/14549x09.gif">, <IMG SRC="/img/fbpe/sa/v60n1/14549x10.gif">and <IMG SRC="/img/fbpe/sa/v60n1/14549x11.gif">, found through the resampling over individuals and populations simultaneously (I, P), correspond to the sum of the respective variance estimates obtained from separated resampling over individuals and populations (I+P). This equivalence was verified in all cases, showing that the total variance estimate of <IMG SRC="/img/fbpe/sa/v60n1/14549x09.gif">, <IMG SRC="/img/fbpe/sa/v60n1/14549x10.gif">and <IMG SRC="/img/fbpe/sa/v60n1/14549x11.gif">can be obtained summing up the variances estimated for each source of variation separately. Results also showed that this facilitates the use of the bootstrap method on data with hierarchical structure and opens the possibility of obtaining the relative contribution of each source of variation to the total variation of estimated parameters.

PRESERVATION OF LIVESTOCK GENETIC RESOURCES IN BULGARIA

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 41-59
Author(s):  
Ts. Dimitrov ◽  
l. Dimitrova
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Blood Proteins ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Indigenous Sheep ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Local Farm

SUMMARYThe objective of this study is to present the local livestock breeds threatened with extinction as well to suggest an alternative initiative for their preservation and utilization. Both the geographical location and natural resources of Bulgaria are prerequisites for a large variety among species and strains of farm animals. Traditionally a considerable number of local breeds and strains have been bred on the territory of the country. In the recent 25–30 years an evident decline of their numbers is marked chiefly due to the introduction of high-productive, widespread breeds. This study presents the biological features of local indigenous breeds of farm animals threatened with extinction as well as the specificity of their region of location. The genetic research results based on polymorphism of serum blood proteins and blood groups are discussed. The diversity of indigenous sheep breeds is the largest, and 15 of them are under control. In latter years investigations show that they are 1.3 to 3.6 per cent from the total number of this species. The genetic analyses attest that these specific genetic resources can be used for keeping the genetic variety within and between sheep populations as well as for improving the adaptability of the newlyestablished breeds. Among the cattle two local breeds are of interest for genetic resources preservation purposes. As the most attractive emerges, Rhodope's Short-Horned cattle having unique biological characteristics as a representative of Bos Taunis in Europe and whose domain of location is over 1800 meters above sea level. The only impressive strain among the pig breeds has a different biological status from the well-known breeds on the European continent. The results of the present study show that the investigated indigenous breeds and strains are mainly located in mountainous regions considered as“hard”for farming. Thus, the preservation of genetic resources of local farm animals will contribute in using their valuable abilities of adaptation for breeding programmes in ecologically clear regions.

CONSERVATION OF ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES IN THE USSR

1987 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
N.G ‘Dmitriev
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Animal Conservation ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
State Plan

SUMMARYMany valuable local breeds of farm animals in the USSR have either been lost or are in an endangered state. Concern about this loss of gene resources has led to the inclusion of a genetic resources programme in the overall state plan for the genetic improvement of livestock. It includes programmes for live animal conservation and setting up of gene banks. The former activity is carried out in special state gene pool farms, one for each geographical zone, where 500 purebred cows are maintained under a rotational outbred system of mating. Semen banks of most local breeds of livestock have also been established at animal husbandry institutes. Current research emphasis is on long term embryo storage and establishment of banks of somatic cells of local breeds.

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