scholarly journals Cervical Cancer Awareness and Detection of Precancerous Lesions at Two District Health Centres in the West Region of Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-269
Author(s):  
Richard Tagne Simo ◽  
Christian Kamnang Tchakounte ◽  
Armel Hervé Nwabo Kamdje ◽  
Léonie Marthe Ghomsi Sidje ◽  
Paul F. Seke Etet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
District Health ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Health Centres

Background: Due to the late diagnosis, resulting partly from the absence of national screening programs, Cervical cancer is a public health concern for women in Sub-Saharan Africa, where 34 over 100,000 are diagnosed with cervical cancer and 23 over 100,000 die yearly. We evaluated the knowledge and practices of the female population towards the prevention of cervical cancer in the city of Bafoussam, West Cameroon, considering that poor awareness about the disease and its prevention drives its progression in Africa.Methods: 228 women were recruited during a cross-sectional study with simple random selection of participants in two District Health Centres in Bafoussam from February to August 2017. They were administered a questionnaire aimed at asserting their knowledge about cervical cancer, risk factors and prevention. Subsequently, cervicovaginal smears were screened and gynaecological signs were assessed. Data analysis was done using Epi info version 7.2.2.6. with Chi 2 test application.Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.Results: The most represented age group was [25-35] (50.88%). Only 89 participants (39.04%) had heard about cervical cancer, 63 (27.63%) had heard about risk factors with only 13 (5.70%) able to name at least one risk factor. Moreover, 72 participants (31.58%) had heard about cervical screening test, 48 (21.05%) were aware about the existence of means of prevention, and only 6 (2.63%) had heard about human papillomavirus (HPV) relationship to cervical cancer or HPV vaccine. An incidence of 07.63% was obtained. The most common reason reported for not attending cervical cancer screening was ignorance (68.92%). Conclusions: Our data suggest that there is a real need for raising the awareness about cervical cancer and its prevention in the western region of Cameroon.

Women’s health concern in Jordan: knowledge, practice and barriers toward cervical cancer screening

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roqia Saleem Maabreh ◽  
Raya Yousef Al-Husban ◽  
Hekmat Yousef Al-Akash ◽  
Noha Al-Shdayfat
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cancer Awareness ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Knowledge Barriers

Purpose Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most important health issues faced by women worldwide. The purpose of this study is to identify Jordanian women’s knowledge, barriers and measures pertaining to risk factors and screening choices of CC (Pap smear tests). Design/methodology/approach This study applied a cross sectional design by collecting data from a convenient sample of 200 women between 20 and 70 years of age in health and public centers in Jordan. Data was then analyzed using the descriptive statistical tools of SPSS, version 21. Findings The findings revealed that 55.5% of the participants had no information about the Pap smear, and 75% did not know the risk factors. Moreover, 50% of the sample did not know where to take the test, and 50% reported a lack of encouragement from the husband to undertake the test. More than half of the participants (56.5%) expressed fear that cervical screening would be a painful examination even though they reported not having any previous experience with the test. Originality/value Based on these findings, public education about CC screening is essential, including advertising and a campaign similar to the breast cancer awareness programs in Jordan, as a way of encouraging early screening to improve the health of women.

scholarly journals Eliminating Cervical Cancer in Mali and Senegal, Two Sub-Saharan Countries: Insights and Optimizing Solutions

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Azizul Haque ◽  
Bourèma Kouriba ◽  
N’diaye Aïssatou ◽  
Anudeep Pant
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background: The number of cases with cervical cancer is rapidly increasing in Sub-Saharan Africa driven by inadequate rates of human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination and screening programs and accompanied by poor health delivery systems. There are other factors to contend with such as lack of awareness, social myths, reluctance to vaccine acceptance and stigma with sexually transmitted diseases. Here, we formulate strategies to implement intervention programs against HPV infections and other risk factors for cervical cancer in these countries. Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and African Journals Online for this review. The current status of anti-HPV vaccination and precancerous screening programs in Mali and Senegal has been assessed by onsite visits. Collaborators from Mali and Senegal collected data and information concerning HPV vaccination and screening programs in these countries. Findings: We found that anti-HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening have been conducted sporadically mainly in urban areas of Mali and Senegal. No known population-based programs are in progress in either of the two countries. We highlighted the advantages and drawbacks of currently available screening tests and proposed that screening by visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) accompanied by self-sampling is the most cost-effective, culturally acceptable and most feasible strategy to implement in primary care settings. In addition, HPV DNA testing would be affordable, if local laboratory facilities could be established. We found that many of the factors that increase HPV acquisition and promote the oncogenic effect of the virus are largely widespread in both Senegal and Mali. These include infections with HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), immunosuppression, polygamous marriages, high parity, early sexual activities, early pregnancies, and multiple sexual partners. Interpretation: Neither vaccines nor screening tests are within the reach of the population in Mali and Senegal because of the high cost. The effective intervention measure would be to integrate anti-HPV vaccines into the Extended Program for Immunization (EPI), which has saved 3 million young lives per year in Africa with the support of GAVI, to implement cost control mechanisms for HPV vaccinations via price negotiations with manufacturing companies, as has recently been done by Rwanda. The collective efforts by local governments, researchers, private sector, and donors may lead to the introduction of affordable screening tests. A robust awareness campaign coupled with sustained and regular engagement of local communities about the prevention and risk factors is extremely important. The projected solutions may be well applicable to other Sub-Saharan countries that face similar challenges containing cervical cancer.

scholarly journals Barriers and Facilitators to Cervical Screening among Migrant Women of African Origin: A Qualitative Study in Finland

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther E. Idehen ◽  
Anna-Maija Pietilä ◽  
Mari Kangasniemi
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Screening Participation

Globally, cervical cancer constitutes a substantial public health concern. Evidence recommends regular cervical cancer screening (CCS) for early detection of “precancerous lesions.”Understanding the factors influencing screening participation among various groups is imperative for improving screening protocols and coverage. This study aimed to explore barriers and facilitators to CCS participation in women of Nigerian, Ghanaian, Cameroonian, and Kenyan origin in Finland. We utilized a qualitative design and conducted eight focus group discussions (FGDs) in English, with women aged 27–45 years (n = 30). The FGDs were tape-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed utilizing the inductive content analysis approach. The main barriers to CCS participation included limited language proficiency, lack of screening awareness, misunderstanding of screening’s purpose, and miscomprehension of the CCS results. Facilitators were free-of-charge screening, reproductive health services utilization, and women’s understanding of CCS’s importance for early detection of cervical cancer. In conclusion, among women, the main barriers to CCS participation were language difficulties and lack of screening information. Enhancing screening participation amongst these migrant populations would benefit from appropriate information about the CCS. Those women with limited language skills and not utilizing reproductive health services need more attention from healthcare authorities about screening importance. Culturally tailored screening intervention programs might also be helpful.

scholarly journals Methods for screening and prevention of HPV infection – a retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Catalina Diana Stanica ◽  
◽  
Romina Marina Sima ◽  
Raluca Gabriela Ioan ◽  
Constantin Dimitrie Nanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Worldwide, cervical cancer ranks 4th in frequency in the female population, with about half of the cases being fatal. In Romania, it is the second type of cancer found in women, after breast cancer and the main cause of cancer mortality in patients aged between 15 and 44 years. The main cause of this type of cancer is human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. Although HPV is very widespread (> 85%), progression to cervical cancer is relatively rare. In countries that have implemented cervical screening programs, the incidence and mortality caused by this pathology have decreased by 50-75%. Also, the emergence of vaccines against the most common strains of oncogenic HPV and the implementation of vaccination programs will bring additional benefits in preventing cervical cancer. This paper presents the results of a retrospective study, performed on a number of 92 patients, which aimed to know the distribution of different HPV genotypes, their impact on the cervical epithelium, the degree of access to the national screening program, and openness to anti HPV vaccination.

scholarly journals Cervical pap smear study and its utility in cervical cancer detection and prevention

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-475
Author(s):  
Boinapalli Sudhakar ◽  
Vijaya Karra ◽  
Pamu Shiva Ramulu
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Cervical Cancers ◽  
Smear Test

The objective of present study to find out women for precancerous lesions with the help of pap smear test as early identification marker. Determine the percentage of cervical cancer in relationship with demographic, education and occupation. To find out pap smear effectiveness in various infections. To find out correlation pap smear findings with symptoms.This is a cross-sectional study involving the screening of women from the rural population of Siddipet district for the assessment of health status using pap smear test who have attended the outpatient department of Obstetrics and Gynecology conducted during the period of August 2019 to May 2021. The present study included 1500 Pap smears, of which the most common abnormality was inflammatory smear, which is followed by atrophic smear. Among all the study respondent’s majority (64.5%) of the women were home makers and not working, remaining participants were either self employed or working women. Percentage of abnormal smear reports was reported in group 2 (31-40 years) subjects followed by group 3 (41-50 years) women. In 22 patients, Atypical Squamous Cell of Undetermined Significance (ASCUS) was observed. The present study reported very less cervical cancer prevalence in our study population.Pap smear testing is a sensitive and effective screening test which can be used for identification of precancerous epithelial lesions. Pap smear test should be recognized as a routine screening method to decrease Mortality and Morbidity due to the cervical cancer. This study also regard us as paps smear is a gold standard for cervical screening. This study also suggests that every woman above the age 30 years should undergo screening programs for cervical cancers. So Morbidity and Mortality due to cervical cancers can be prevented by early identification of cervical cancer by doing screening at regular intervals.

Systematic review of cervical cancer prevalence and determinants of early detection in Sub-Saharan Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Eleazar Ndabarora ◽  
Dariya Mukamusoni ◽  
Clarte Ndikumasabo ◽  
Védaste Ngirinshuti
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Sub Saharan

Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally and in Sub-Saharan Africa in particular. There is evidence that early detection and early management of cases are the best strategies to prevent and control this health threat, since treatment of the later stages of the diseases are very expensive. The objectives of the review were: (1) to identify and review studies on the prevalence of cervical cancer and determinants of early detection in Sub-Saharan Africa, and (2) to recommend further studies and interventions based on the findings of this review. Extensive literature search was conducted using the MeSH terms. Articles on cervical cancer and/or determinants of early detection which fulfilled inclusion criteria were reviewed independently by three reviewers. The prevalence of cervical cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa is increasing. Although there are evidences that cervical cancer screening programs are practical and feasible even in resource-limited settings in Sub-Saharan Africa, there is a very low uptake of cervical cancer screening and there are key factors that need to be addressed in order to make these programs established and effective.

scholarly journals P63 Improving cervical smear uptake through an Automated Voice Messages Reminder

BJS Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Bladt ◽  
Felyx Wong ◽  
Francesca Bladt
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Telephone Triage ◽  
Cervical Smear ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Smear Test ◽  
Voice Message ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Busy Schedule

Abstract National cervical screening programs have played a pivotal role in the prevention of cervical cancer. However, practices across the UK have reached an all-time low in cervical screening uptake. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of implementing an automated voice message reminder within the local general practice (GP) telephone triage system and explore the reasons which deter eligible patients away from cervical screening. A 20-second voice-message reminder in the telephone queue was played, addressing key risk factors along with a message from a child who lost his mother to cervical cancer. From the anonymised GP database, weekly new smear test bookings were monitored from 4 weeks prior until 2 weeks after the intervention was implemented. To qualitatively assess factors which deter patients away from screening, female patients were randomly sampled to fill in an anonymous questionnaire. The use of a low-cost 20 second voice message in the telephone queue across UK GP practices could be an effective method to increase cervical smear test coverage towards the national target of 80%. 35 questionnaire responses were received, main themes reported for not attending screening include embarrassment(37%), busy schedule(32%) and cultural differences(24%). In the week following the intervention, cervical smear tests increased more than 2-fold, from an average of 12 to 26 smears per week. This could be partly due to the convenient timing of voice recording, reminding them to book both appointments simultaneously and the child’s emotive message.

scholarly journals Role of Protein Biomarkers in the Detection of High-Grade Disease in Cervical Cancer Screening Programs

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte A. Brown ◽  
Johnannes Bogers ◽  
Shaira Sahebali ◽  
Christophe E. Depuydt ◽  
Frans De Prins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Protein Biomarkers ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Screening Programs

Since the Pap test was introduced in the 1940s, there has been an approximately 70% reduction in the incidence of squamous cell cervical cancers in many developed countries by the application of organized and opportunistic screening programs. The efficacy of the Pap test, however, is hampered by high interobserver variability and high false-negative and false-positive rates. The use of biomarkers has demonstrated the ability to overcome these issues, leading to improved positive predictive value of cervical screening results. In addition, the introduction of HPV primary screening programs will necessitate the use of a follow-up test with high specificity to triage the high number of HPV-positive tests. This paper will focus on protein biomarkers currently available for use in cervical cancer screening, which appear to improve the detection of women at greatest risk for developing cervical cancer, including Ki-67,p16INK4a, BD ProEx C, and Cytoactiv HPV L1.

scholarly journals Cervical cancer screening uptake in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigus Bililign Yimer ◽  
Mohammed Akibu Mohammed ◽  
Kalkidan Solomon ◽  
Mesfin Tadese ◽  
Stephanie Grutzmacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Screening Uptake ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Sub Saharan

AbstractBackgroundCervical cancer screening and prevention programs have been given considerable attention in high-income countries, while only receiving minimal effort in many African countries. This meta-analytic review aimed to estimate the pooled uptake of cervical cancer screening uptake and identify its predictors in Sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, African Journals Online, Web of Science and SCOPUS electronic databases were searched. All observational studies conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa and published in English language from January 2000 to 2019 were included. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was applied to examine methodological quality of the studies. Inverse variance-weighted random-effects model meta-analysis was done to estimate the pooled uptake and odds ratio of predictors with 95% confidence interval. I2 test statistic was used to check between-study heterogeneity, and funnel plot and Egger’s regression statistical test were used to check publication bias. To examine the source of heterogeneity, subgroup analysis based on sample size, publication year and geographic distribution of the studies was carried out.ResultsOf 3,537 studies identified, 29 studies were included with 36,374 women. The uptake of cervical cancer screening in Sub-Saharan Africa was 12.87% (95% CI: 10.20, 15.54; I2= 98.5%). Meta-analysis of seven studies showed that knowledge about cervical cancer increased screening uptake by nearly 5-folds (OR: 4.81; 95% CI: 3.06, 7.54). Other predictors include educational status, age, HIV status, contraceptive use, perceived susceptibility, and awareness about screening locations.ConclusionCervical screening uptake is low in Sub-Saharan Africa and influenced by several factors. Health outreach and promotion targeting identified predictors are needed to increase uptake of screening service in the region.sProtocol registrationCRD42017079375

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