Women’s health concern in Jordan: knowledge, practice and barriers toward cervical cancer screening

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roqia Saleem Maabreh ◽  
Raya Yousef Al-Husban ◽  
Hekmat Yousef Al-Akash ◽  
Noha Al-Shdayfat
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cancer Awareness ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Knowledge Barriers

Purpose Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most important health issues faced by women worldwide. The purpose of this study is to identify Jordanian women’s knowledge, barriers and measures pertaining to risk factors and screening choices of CC (Pap smear tests). Design/methodology/approach This study applied a cross sectional design by collecting data from a convenient sample of 200 women between 20 and 70 years of age in health and public centers in Jordan. Data was then analyzed using the descriptive statistical tools of SPSS, version 21. Findings The findings revealed that 55.5% of the participants had no information about the Pap smear, and 75% did not know the risk factors. Moreover, 50% of the sample did not know where to take the test, and 50% reported a lack of encouragement from the husband to undertake the test. More than half of the participants (56.5%) expressed fear that cervical screening would be a painful examination even though they reported not having any previous experience with the test. Originality/value Based on these findings, public education about CC screening is essential, including advertising and a campaign similar to the breast cancer awareness programs in Jordan, as a way of encouraging early screening to improve the health of women.

scholarly journals Cervical cancer: a hospital based KAP study among women aged 18 years and above in Northern India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1628
Author(s):  
Rajiv Kumar Gupta ◽  
Parveen Singh ◽  
Bhavna Langer ◽  
Rashmi Kumari ◽  
Pawan Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Adequate Knowledge

Background: Cervical cancer is known for its late detection due to a variety of reasons chiefly lack of knowledge, undesirable attitudes and poor practices. Early screening and adequate knowledge about the disease remains the important safe guards against this disease. The study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the women aged 18 years and above regarding cervical cancer visiting a tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: The present cross sectional hospital based study was conducted in Jammu city, Jammu and Kashmir, India. All the women aged 18 years and above visiting OPD of gynaecology-obstetrics department of Government Medical College Jammu and willing to participate were administered a pretested questionnaire to collect the relevant data.Results: It was found that 91.56% of the respondents had heard of cervical cancer with 83% reporting that it was both preventable as well as curable. Multiple sex partners were the most important risk factor identified. Among the attitudes, 62% agreed that screening was harmless to the client. Only one third knew about the availability of preventive vaccine. About 83.6% of them had never been screened by Pap smear. However willingness to get HPV vaccination was found to be high.Conclusions: Though knowledge among the respondents was found to be adequate but it lacked transformation into attitudes and practices. In this connection, authors recommend health promotion campaigns to educate women and the community about cervical cancer and its preventability through screening.

scholarly journals HPV-Chlamydial Coinfection, Prevalence, and Association with Cervical Intraepithelial Lesions: A Pilot Study at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Ssedyabane ◽  
Diaz Anaya Amnia ◽  
Ronald Mayanja ◽  
Aisagbonhi Omonigho ◽  
Charles Ssuuna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Cervical Intraepithelial Lesions ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesions

Background. Human Pappilloma Virus (HPV) is the necessary cause of cervical cancer. A number of risk factors are believed to influence the role of HPV in the development of cervical cancer. This is so because majority of HPV infections are cleared and only a few are able to result into cancer. Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is considered a potential cofactor in the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), although different studies have produced contradicting information (Silins et al., 2005, Bellaminutti et al., 2014, and Bhatla et al., 2013). The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence and association of HPV-Chlamydial coinfection with cervical intraepithelial lesions and other risk factors for cervical intraepithelial lesions at a hospital in south western Uganda (MRRH). Methods. The study included 93 participants, with an age range of 25 to 80 years, from whom cervical specimens were collected and enrolment forms were completed upon consent. Experienced midwives collected one cervical smear and two endocervical swabs from each participant. The swabs were used for HPV DNA and Chlamydia trachomatis antigen testing. Data was entered in Microsoft excel and analysed using STATA 12 software. With the help of spearman’s correlation at the 0.05 level of significance, bivariate and multivariate analysis were done by logistic regression, to determine associations of risk factors to cervical lesions. Results. The results showed the prevalence of HPV-Chlamydial coinfection to be 8.6% (8/93). Positive Pap smear results were found in 60.22% (56/93) participants, most of whom had low grade squamous intraepitherial lesion (LSIL) (54.84%). HPV-Chlamydial coinfection showed a significant correlation with a positive cytology result and only relatively significantly correlated with LSIL grade of cytological positivity. HPV was found to be the risk factors associated with cervical intraepithelial lesions at MRRH. Conclusion. HPV, Chlamydia, and HPV-Chlamydial coinfection are prevalent infections and there is a likelihood of association between HPV-Chlamydial coinfection and with cervical intraepithelial lesions. This study recommends general sexually transimitted infections (STIS) screening for every woman that turns up for cervical cancer screening and a larger study, probably a multicentre study.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated risk factors of abnormal pap smear in pregnant women

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 4980
Author(s):  
Neha Mohindroo ◽  
Anoop Sharma ◽  
Santosh Minhas ◽  
Kushla Pathania
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Papanicolaou Test ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: The Papanicolaou test is a method of cervical screening used to detect pre-cancerous and cancerous processes. The incidence of cervical cancer in India is alarmingly high and is the leading cause of cancer in women in India accounting for 147 deaths per lakh women. Cervical cytological abnormalities are found in up to 5% of all pregnancies. In Indian settings, published data on abnormal Pap smear in pregnancy is lacking. The present study was designed to know the prevalence of abnormal Pap smear in pregnant women and its associated risk factors.Methods: This prospective study included 450 pregnant and 450 non-pregnant women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. After a detailed history, clinical examination and investigations, Pap smear was collected as per conventional method and reported using 2014 Bethesda system.Results: 53.6% pregnant and 44.6% non-pregnant subjects had abnormal Pap smear. Out of the abnormal smears in pregnant women, 31.18% had inflammatory cytology, 15.37% had bacterial vaginosis, 4.01% had Trichomonal and 3.34% Monilial pathology. No epithelial cell abnormality was seen. Rural residence, lower class, age at first intercourse less than 21 years and having more than one sexual partner were important risk factors observed in our study and were statistically significant.Conclusions: Bacterial vaginosis, the most common infection detected on Pap smear is strongly associated with previos preterm labour and delivery. This opportunity for screening of cervical cancer and counselling should not be missed in the antenatal period.

scholarly journals Opportunistic cervical cancer screening by papanicolaou stain Pap smear among women: a pilot study at urban health training centre of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 2714
Author(s):  
Ruchi Sinha ◽  
Pragya Kumar ◽  
Geetika Singh ◽  
Rubina Saha
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Tertiary Center ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Cancer of the uterine cervix is the second most common cancer among women world-wide and accounts for 17% of all cancer deaths among females aged 30-69 years in India. Locally advanced cervical cancer is rampant in Bihar because of the high prevalence of associated risk factors. However, there is lack of organized screening programmes and treatment facilities for these patients. Thus, the study aimed at screening women for cervical cancer opportunistically during their visit to the health centres and to assess the various socio-demographic and other risk factors associated with positive screening test results.Methods: Using purposive sampling technique, all women aged 18-59 years who visited the centre for any purpose were interviewed using a pre-designed questionnaire. All eligible women were screened using the conventional Pap Smear and evaluation was done using the 2014 Bethesda system. This study is still underway and 71 women have been screened so far. An interim analysis was done.Results: Only 4.23% of the women ever had Pap smear testing in their life earlier. Mean age was 35.3±9.12 years and majority of the women were married and multi-parous. Vaginal discharge (55.74%) was the most common perceived gynecological morbidity. Most (36.62%) smears were reported as inflammatory cervical smears while epithelial cell abnormalities were seen in 4 (5.63%) cases.Conclusions: This study reiterates the need to start organized cervical screening program not only at tertiary center but also at primary health centers which will definitely help to reduce the burden to some extent

scholarly journals Utilization of Cervical Cancer Screening Services among Women in Vhembe District, South Africa: A Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 451-463
Author(s):  
Elisa N. Vhuromu ◽  
Daniel T. Goon ◽  
Maria S. Maputle ◽  
Rachel T. Lebese ◽  
Benedine U. Okafor
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Screening Services ◽  
Vhembe District

Aim:Screening for early detection and treatment of cervical cancer is a cornerstone of prevention. The purpose of this study was to assess the awareness in women about the utilization of cervical cancer screening services in Vhembe District, South Africa.Methods:This cross-sectional study involved a random selection of 500 women aged 20-59 years in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Data was collectedviaa self-structured questionnaire on the demographic variables, provision, utilization and awareness of cervical cancer screening services.Results:The majority of the participants agreed to have cervical cancer screening services in their clinics (79.2%), and never had a Pap smear (58.6%). Most women would not go for cervical cancer screening, mainly because of a lack of facilities (30.0%), fear of pain (24.4%), and embarrassment (15.2%). Most participants indicated that Pap smear test meant scraping the cervix to detect abnormal cancerous cells (39.2%) and 34.2% did not know a Pap smear. Majority of the participants indicated Pap smears should be done every 10 years (65.8%); Pap smears could detect cervical cancer earlier (66.8%), and had heard about cervical cancer (71.6%). The majority of the participants considered cervical cancer as a serious problem to warrant considerable attention (59.4%); and some perceived cervical cancer as transmittable through multiple sexual partners (22.2%). The majority of the participants were aware of a vaccine against cervical cancer for girls at school (69.0%), and it was indicated that government should use health education to encourage women to attend cervical screening services (51.6%).Conclusion:Despite the free availability of cervical cancer screening services and awareness, the utilization of cervical cancer screening services is low. There is a need to intensify cervical screening health talks and campaigns, and to provide alternative accessible options for screening services for women in rural areas.

scholarly journals Cervical Cancer Screening Knowledge and Behavior Among Female Undergraduate Students in a Nigerian University

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 3s-3s
Author(s):  
J. Agboeze ◽  
M. Nwali ◽  
N. Ezeani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Papanicolaou Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Cervical cancer is a highly preventable disease that affects women especially in developing countries. Over the years awareness and uptake of cervical cancer screening services have remained poor in developing countries. Lack of knowledge and poor attitude toward the disease and risk factors can affect screening practice and development of preventive behavior for cervical cancer. Aim: This study assessed the level of knowledge and barriers toward cervical cancer screening among female university students. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 234 female students selected by stratified random sampling techniques at Ebonyi State University Abakaliki Nigeria. A pretested questionnaire was administered to assess knowledge, attitude and screening history. Data were analyzed with Epi info version 7.1.4. Results: Participants' mean age was 22 years (SD=3). Majority of the respondents 79.5% have not heard of screening, 58.9% knew that it can be prevented, 78.5% have not heard about HPV vaccine and only 4.0% have had Papanicolaou test. Common barriers include lack of centers where such services are obtainable (88%) and fear of cancer being discovered (9%). Reported risk factors were multiple sexual partners (24.2%) and early onset of sexual intercourse (19.8%). A significant association was found between institutional and personal barriers and having a Papanicolaou test. Conclusion: Comprehensive education on cervical cancer screening in universities is critical in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with cervical cancer. Few screening centers have also contributed to poor cervical screening uptake.

scholarly journals Knowledge and awareness of the cause, prevention and control of cervical cancer amongst female undergraduates and faculty of health sciences: a cross sectional survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 2732
Author(s):  
Abhishek Tandon ◽  
Snigdha Raja ◽  
Mangala M. Pai ◽  
B. Unnikrishnan ◽  
Tanuj Kanchan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Carcinoma cervix is the second most common cancer in women worldwide, and the most common in India. In this study, the current knowledge of female undergraduates and faculty of health sciences regarding the various parameters like risk factors, symptoms, screening tests and vaccinations pertaining to cervical cancer was assessed.Methods: A cross-sectional, self-administered anonymous questionnaire-based survey was carried out, in a medical college in Mangalore, which included 260 staff and students. Non random sampling was done and the study was carried out only after gaining institutional Ethical community approval and written informed consent from the subjects.Results: Majority of the participants 185 (71.4%) were aware that cervical cancer is one of the most wide- spread gynecological cancers in Asia. The awareness of causative agents of cervical cancer was known to 53.9% of the undergraduates and 50% of the faculty members. 73% of the total study groups have heard of HPV and around 68% agreed that it was detectable. 71% of the study sample had heard about the Pap smear test and 42% have undergone the test. The questions pertaining to the preventive measures of cervical cancer had good faculty preponderance with 91.8% giving a positive response. 84.1% of the students and 79.5% of the faculty members knew that abnormal vaginal bleeding was a symptom.Conclusions: In this study an attempt has been made to study the correlates of knowledge of cervical cancer in a cohort which consisted of health care undergraduate and faculty. Majority of our study group was well aware of the various risk factors of cervical cancer and its preventable nature however awareness regarding the association between diets, multiple pregnancies and use of tobacco was poor.

scholarly journals Awareness of cervical cancer among women attending an HIV treatment centre: a cross-sectional study from Morocco

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. e020343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Essaada Belglaiaa ◽  
Tiatou Souho ◽  
Latifa Badaoui ◽  
Michel Segondy ◽  
Jean-Luc Prétet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Treatment Centre

ObjectiveTo explore awareness about cervical cancer among Moroccan women attending an HIV treatment centre in Laâyoune city, Morocco.DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2017 using a knowledge test regarding cervical cancer, its risk factors and its prevention.SettingHIV treatment centre at the Hospital of Moulay Hassan Ben Elmehdi in Laâyoune city, Morocco.ParticipantsOne hundred and twenty-three HIV-positive women aged 19 years and older were recruited to this study.ResultsA total of 115 women were eligible to participate in the study. The average age was 34.9±10.2 years. Few women (20%) had heard about cervical cancer and its screening, the majority (17.4%) having received information from mass media. The vast majority (79.1%) of respondents had no knowledge of cervical cancer risk factors, and 80.8% did not know any symptoms of cervical cancer. Only 13% had undergone a Pap smear test. The main reason for not seeking Pap smear was the absence of symptoms (47%).ConclusionOur study documents poor awareness of cervical cancer. Given that the HIV-positive population is at increased risk of cervical cancer, health education programmes should be promoted to increase awareness of cervical cancer as well as access and participation in cervical cancer screening.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Risk Factors and Perceived Attitude towards Cervical Cancer among Female Tertiary Students in the Tano-North Municipality in Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. p205
Author(s):  
Philip Narteh Gorleku ◽  
Jacob Setorglo ◽  
Sebastian Ken Amoah ◽  
Albert Piersson ◽  
Wasiya Mutawakilu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
World Knowledge ◽  
Cancer Awareness ◽  
Poor Knowledge ◽  
High Incidence Rate ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Preventive Methods

Ghana is among the countries with high incidence rate of cervical cancer in the world. Knowledge of the risk factors and the aetiology of cancers, especially, cervical cancer leads to reduction in cancer incidence and prevalence. This study assesses the knowledge, risk factors and perceived preventive methods about cervical cancer of tertiary students in the Tano-North Municipality of Ahafo region of Ghana. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on 150 randomly sampled students. The age range was between 15 to 35 years with the 18-35-years old. A total of 59.3% of respondents were not aware that, early sexual intercourse is a risk factor, and 78%, 64% and 90.7% of the respondents did not know that smoking cigarette, use of oral contraceptives and stress, respectively are risks of cervical cancer. Respondents also showed poor knowledge on preventive methods with only 32%, 25% 24%, 57.3% and 34% acknowledged that delay in age of first sexual contact, regular exercise, non-smoking, HPV vaccine and Pap smear respectively were preventive methods of cervical cancer. Thus, the respondents displayed poor knowledge about the risk factors and preventive methods of cervical cancer and therefore, tertiary education curriculum should include cancer awareness to reduce the incidence.

scholarly journals Awareness of cervical and breast cancer among women attending OBG out-patient department of a medical college hospital, Bangalore

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 2104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayanthi Srikanth ◽  
Kavya G. Upadhya ◽  
Pankaj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patient Department

Background: Cancers of the cervix and breast are common among Indian women. Majority of the women are not aware of the symptoms or screening methods and report late. Hence the current study was done to assess their knowledge and provide information regarding early detection.Methods: A cross-sectional study was done in the OBG out-patient department of Kempegowda Institute of Medical Science Hospital, Bangalore over a period of 3 months and 205 women aged 18 years and above were the study subjects. The awareness of the study subjects regarding cervical and breast cancer was assessed using a pre-tested semi-structured proforma. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: Among 205 study subjects interviewed, the study subjects who had heard about cervical cancer were 173 (84.4%) and those who had heard about breast cancer were 202 (98.5%). Out of 173 subjects who had heard about cervical cancer, 139 (80.3%) had good knowledge regarding the symptoms and 102 (58.9%) knew about the risk factors. The fact that cervical cancer could be detected early was known to 113 (65.3%) subjects but only 57 (32.9%) were aware of a pap smear. Out of 202 subjects who had heard about breast cancer, 159 (78.7%) had good knowledge regarding the symptoms and 74 (36.6%) knew about the risk factors. The fact that breast cancer could be detected early was known to 143 (70.8%) subjects but only 42 (20.8%) were aware of mammogram.Conclusions: Majority of the study subjects had reasonable knowledge of the symptoms and risk factors of cervical and breast cancer but the knowledge regarding screening test for early detection of these cancers was poor.

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