scholarly journals Major Critical Periods in Developmental Pathogenomics of Endometriosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-02
Author(s):  
Vladislav Baranov
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Benign Tumor ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Genetic Program ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Uterine Endometrium ◽  
Common Benign Tumor ◽  
Major Genome

In spite on numerous experimental and clinical data molecular mechanisms of endometriosis (EM) - the most common benign tumor of the female reproductive tract still remains obscure . The deciphering enigmas of EM gave a birth to a number of hypothesis . System genetics approach used in our studies of common diseases support the existence of special genetic program of EM operative in its development. It is taken for granted that EM results from abnormal differentiation of stem cells (SC). Two major sources of EM SC are considered : SC disseminated throughout peritoneum during female reproductive organs embryogenesis , SC from junction zone the uterine endometrium (2) [6]. According to our reviewed hypothesis [7] the genetic program of EM consists of several critical periods (CP) [8] corresponding to three crucial events in EM development with each of them corresponding to major genome reprogramming in EM cells.

Female reproductive organs procurement v1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
kone not provided
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Deceased Donor ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Pregnant Female ◽  
Female Reproductive Organs

Description of procurement of non-pregnant female reproductive tract from deceased donor for HuBMAP.

scholarly journals ESR1 Mutations Associated With Estrogen Insensitivity Syndrome Change Conformation of Ligand-Receptor Complex and Altered Transcriptome Profile

Endocrinology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 161 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Li ◽  
Katherine J Hamilton ◽  
Lalith Perera ◽  
Tianyuan Wang ◽  
Artiom Gruzdev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Α ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Receptor Complexes ◽  
Esr1 Gene ◽  
Esr1 Mutations

Abstract Estrogen insensitivity syndrome (EIS) arises from rare mutations in estrogen receptor-α (ERα, encoded by ESR1 gene) resulting in the inability of estrogen to exert its biological effects. Due to its rarity, mutations in ESR1 gene and the underlying molecular mechanisms of EIS have not been thoroughly studied. Here, we investigate known ESR1 mutants, Q375H and R394H, associated with EIS patients using in vitro and in vivo systems. Comparison of the transcriptome and deoxyribonucleic acid methylome from stable cell lines of both Q375H and R394H clinical mutants shows a differential profile compared with wild-type ERα, resulting in loss of estrogen responsiveness. Molecular dynamic simulation shows that both ESR1 mutations change the ERα conformation of the ligand-receptor complexes. Furthermore, we generated a mouse model Esr1-Q harboring the human mutation using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Female and male Esr1-Q mice are infertile and have similar phenotypes to αERKO mice. Overall phenotypes of the Esr1-Q mice correspond to those observed in the patient with Q375H. Finally, we explore the effects of a synthetic progestogen and a gonadotropin-releasing hormone inhibitor in the Esr1-Q mice for potentially reversing the impaired female reproductive tract function. These findings provide an important basis for understanding the molecular mechanistic consequences associated with EIS.

scholarly journals Prostasomes: extracellular vesicles from the prostate

Reproduction ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 147 (1) ◽  
pp. R1-R14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Aalberts ◽  
Tom A E Stout ◽  
Willem Stoorvogel
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Prostatic Fluid ◽  
Prostate Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cancer Spread ◽  
Peripheral Blood Plasma

The term ‘prostasomes’ is generally used to classify the extracellular vesicles (EVs) released into prostatic fluid by prostate epithelial cells. However, other epithelia within the male reproductive tract also release EVs that mix with ‘true’ prostasomes during semen emission or ejaculation. Prostasomes have been proposed to regulate the timing of sperm cell capacitation and induction of the acrosome reaction, as well as to stimulate sperm motility where all three are prerequisite processes for spermatozoa to attain fertilising capacity. Other proposed functions of prostasomes include interfering with the destruction of spermatozoa by immune cells within the female reproductive tract. On the other hand, it is unclear whether the distinct presumed functions are performed collectively by a single type of prostasome or by separate distinct sub-populations of EVs. Moreover, the exact molecular mechanisms through which prostasomes exert their functions have not been fully resolved. Besides their physiological functions, prostasomes produced by prostate tumour cells have been suggested to support prostate cancer spread development, and prostasomes in peripheral blood plasma may prove to be valuable biomarkers for prostate cancer.

scholarly journals In vitro 3D Model of Female Reproductive Tract: An Overview and Future Aspect

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud Martino Capuzzo
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Pregnancy And Delivery ◽  
Recent Developments

Hormones must be balanced and dynamically controlled for the Female Reproductive Tract (FRT) to function correctly during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and delivery. Gamete selection and successful transfer to the uterus, where it implants and pregnancy occurs, is supported by the mucosal epithelial lining of the FRT ovaries, uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes, and vagina. Successful implantation and placentation in humans and other animals rely on complex interactions between the embryo and a receptive female reproductive system. The FRT's recent breakthroughs in three-dimensional (3D) organoid systems now provide critical experimental models that match the organ's physiological, functional, and anatomical characteristics in vitro. This article summarizes the current state of the art on organoids generated from various parts of the FRT. The current analysis examines recent developments in the creation of organoid models of reproductive organs, as well as their future directions.

scholarly journals Molecular mechanisms of development of the human fetal female reproductive tract

2017 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 54-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald R. Cunha ◽  
Takeshi Kurita ◽  
Mei Cao ◽  
Joel Shen ◽  
Stanley Robboy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Mechanisms Of Development

scholarly journals Structure and Function of Caltrin (Calcium Transport Inhibitor) Proteins

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 117862641774582
Author(s):  
Ernesto Javier Grasso ◽  
Carlos Enrique Coronel
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Calcium Transport ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
Transport Inhibitor ◽  
Acrosomal Exocytosis ◽  
And Function

Caltrin (calcium transport inhibitor) is a family of small and basic proteins of the mammalian seminal plasma which bind to sperm cells during ejaculation and inhibit the extracellular Ca2+ uptake, preventing the premature acrosomal exocytosis and hyperactivation when sperm cells ascend through the female reproductive tract. The binding of caltrin proteins to specific areas of the sperm surface suggests the existence of caltrin receptors, or precise protein-phospholipid arrangements in the sperm membrane, distributed in the regions where Ca2+ influx may take place. However, the molecular mechanisms of recognition and interaction between caltrin and spermatozoa have not been elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this article is to describe in depth the known structural features and functional properties of caltrin proteins, to find out how they may possibly interact with the sperm membranes to control the intracellular signaling that trigger physiological events required for fertilization.

scholarly journals Dynamic expression of bone morphogenetic protein 4 in reproductive organs of female mice

Reproduction ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep S Tanwar ◽  
James R McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Bmp Signaling ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Specific Staining ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein

Various members of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family have been shown to regulate mammalian follicular development by affecting granulosa cell proliferation and steroidogenesis.In situhybridization studies have shown expression of BMPR1A, BMPR1B, and BMPR2 in the granulosa cells and oocyte of most of the follicles in the ovary, suggesting that these cells have the capacity to respond to BMP signaling. Although much is known about BMP4 signaling, its expression pattern in the female reproductive tract (FRT) is still unclear. The objective of the current study was to characterize the expression of BMP4 and its downstream target proteins (pSMAD1/5/8) in the FRT. In the ovary, BMP4 protein was detected in all the stages of follicular development. Staining for pSMAD1/5/8 was observed in granulosa cells and oocytes of all the stages of follicular development including primordial follicles, suggesting that these follicles are responsive to autocrine/paracrine BMP signaling. In the uterus, BMP4 and pSMAD1/5/8 staining was observed in all three compartments and strongest expression was observed during the estrus phase. BMP4- and pSMAD1/5/8-specific staining was also observed in oviductal epithelium. Different forms (apparent MW: 50, 35, and 15 kDa) of BMP4 were detected in mouse ovary by western blot analysis. In conclusion, these results have defined BMP4 and pSMAD1/5/8 protein expression in the mouse FRT and highlighted the importance of BMP4 in folliculogenesis.

Gross and ultrasonographic morphometry of female reproductive tract in small ruminants

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Jannat ◽  
F Y Bari ◽  
R N Ferdousy ◽  
M Hassan ◽  
N S Juyena
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Model Study ◽  
Linear Probe ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Disease Condition ◽  
Length Width ◽  
The Mean

Understanding the anatomy of female reproductive organs is very much important to identify any variation in disease condition. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the gross and ultrasonographic morphometric of female reproductive tract in small ruminants. The reproductive tracts of 21 does and 20 ewes were collected from slaughter house and both gross and ultrasonographic image measurements were performed to study morphometric of cervix, body of uterus, horn of uterus and ovary. Water bath ultrasonography technique was used with trans-abdominal linear probe for image measurement. Results revealed significant (P<0.001) variation between gross and image measurements of cervix, body of uterus and ovaries in does. In ewes, the significant (P<0.001) variation was observed between gross and image measurements in diameter of ovaries. Gross measurements were proportionately higher than image measurements in both species. The mean length, width and diameters of right ovaries were found higher than those of left ovaries. Pearson’s correlation revealed a positive relation between two measurements. Moreover, it was found that echogenicity varied with reproductive organs. This is a model study, which may help to identify female reproductive structures in small ruminants when trans-abdominal probe is used.

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