Female reproductive organs procurement v1

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small proteins produced by epithelial surfaces and inflammatory cells, which have broad-spectrum antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities. They are known to be important in a number of infectious and inflammatory conditions and have been shown to be present in a number of sites throughout the female reproductive tract. Inflammation and infection are associated with a number of complications of pregnancy including preterm labor, and AMPs may play a key role in maintaining and protecting pregnancy. The aim of this review is to describe the expression and function of AMPs in the pregnant female reproductive tract and their relation to preterm labor.

Download Full-text

In vitro 3D Model of Female Reproductive Tract: An Overview and Future Aspect

10.20944/preprints202108.0562.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Arnaud Martino Capuzzo

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Tract ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Reproductive Organs ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Female Reproductive Tract ◽

Complex Interactions ◽

Current State ◽

Pregnancy And Delivery ◽

Recent Developments

Hormones must be balanced and dynamically controlled for the Female Reproductive Tract (FRT) to function correctly during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and delivery. Gamete selection and successful transfer to the uterus, where it implants and pregnancy occurs, is supported by the mucosal epithelial lining of the FRT ovaries, uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes, and vagina. Successful implantation and placentation in humans and other animals rely on complex interactions between the embryo and a receptive female reproductive system. The FRT's recent breakthroughs in three-dimensional (3D) organoid systems now provide critical experimental models that match the organ's physiological, functional, and anatomical characteristics in vitro. This article summarizes the current state of the art on organoids generated from various parts of the FRT. The current analysis examines recent developments in the creation of organoid models of reproductive organs, as well as their future directions.

Download Full-text

Major Critical Periods in Developmental Pathogenomics of Endometriosis

Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences ◽

10.31579/2578-8965/017 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 01-02

Author(s):

Vladislav Baranov

Keyword(s):

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Reproductive Tract ◽

Benign Tumor ◽

Reproductive Organs ◽

Genetic Program ◽

Female Reproductive Tract ◽

Critical Periods ◽

Uterine Endometrium ◽

Common Benign Tumor ◽

Major Genome

In spite on numerous experimental and clinical data molecular mechanisms of endometriosis (EM) - the most common benign tumor of the female reproductive tract still remains obscure . The deciphering enigmas of EM gave a birth to a number of hypothesis . System genetics approach used in our studies of common diseases support the existence of special genetic program of EM operative in its development. It is taken for granted that EM results from abnormal differentiation of stem cells (SC). Two major sources of EM SC are considered : SC disseminated throughout peritoneum during female reproductive organs embryogenesis , SC from junction zone the uterine endometrium (2) [6]. According to our reviewed hypothesis [7] the genetic program of EM consists of several critical periods (CP) [8] corresponding to three crucial events in EM development with each of them corresponding to major genome reprogramming in EM cells.

Download Full-text

Small Peptides with a Big Role: Antimicrobial Peptides in the Pregnant Female Reproductive Tract

American Journal of Reproductive Immunology ◽

10.1111/aji.12379 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 74 (2) ◽

pp. 123-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Rachel M. Tribe

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Peptides ◽

Reproductive Tract ◽

Female Reproductive Tract ◽

Pregnant Female ◽

Small Peptides

Download Full-text

Dynamic expression of bone morphogenetic protein 4 in reproductive organs of female mice

Reproduction ◽

10.1530/rep-10-0299 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 142 (4) ◽

pp. 573-579 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Pradeep S Tanwar ◽

James R McFarlane

Keyword(s):

Bone Morphogenetic Protein ◽

Granulosa Cells ◽

Reproductive Tract ◽

Follicular Development ◽

Reproductive Organs ◽

Bmp Signaling ◽

Female Reproductive Tract ◽

Specific Staining ◽

Primordial Follicles ◽

Morphogenetic Protein

Various members of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family have been shown to regulate mammalian follicular development by affecting granulosa cell proliferation and steroidogenesis.In situhybridization studies have shown expression of BMPR1A, BMPR1B, and BMPR2 in the granulosa cells and oocyte of most of the follicles in the ovary, suggesting that these cells have the capacity to respond to BMP signaling. Although much is known about BMP4 signaling, its expression pattern in the female reproductive tract (FRT) is still unclear. The objective of the current study was to characterize the expression of BMP4 and its downstream target proteins (pSMAD1/5/8) in the FRT. In the ovary, BMP4 protein was detected in all the stages of follicular development. Staining for pSMAD1/5/8 was observed in granulosa cells and oocytes of all the stages of follicular development including primordial follicles, suggesting that these follicles are responsive to autocrine/paracrine BMP signaling. In the uterus, BMP4 and pSMAD1/5/8 staining was observed in all three compartments and strongest expression was observed during the estrus phase. BMP4- and pSMAD1/5/8-specific staining was also observed in oviductal epithelium. Different forms (apparent MW: 50, 35, and 15 kDa) of BMP4 were detected in mouse ovary by western blot analysis. In conclusion, these results have defined BMP4 and pSMAD1/5/8 protein expression in the mouse FRT and highlighted the importance of BMP4 in folliculogenesis.

Download Full-text

Gross and ultrasonographic morphometry of female reproductive tract in small ruminants

Bangladesh Veterinary Journal ◽

10.32856/bvj-2018.04 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 52 (1-4) ◽

pp. 31-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R Jannat ◽

F Y Bari ◽

R N Ferdousy ◽

M Hassan ◽

N S Juyena

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Tract ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Reproductive Organs ◽

Female Reproductive Tract ◽

Model Study ◽

Linear Probe ◽

Measurement Results ◽

Disease Condition ◽

Length Width ◽

The Mean

Understanding the anatomy of female reproductive organs is very much important to identify any variation in disease condition. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the gross and ultrasonographic morphometric of female reproductive tract in small ruminants. The reproductive tracts of 21 does and 20 ewes were collected from slaughter house and both gross and ultrasonographic image measurements were performed to study morphometric of cervix, body of uterus, horn of uterus and ovary. Water bath ultrasonography technique was used with trans-abdominal linear probe for image measurement. Results revealed significant (P<0.001) variation between gross and image measurements of cervix, body of uterus and ovaries in does. In ewes, the significant (P<0.001) variation was observed between gross and image measurements in diameter of ovaries. Gross measurements were proportionately higher than image measurements in both species. The mean length, width and diameters of right ovaries were found higher than those of left ovaries. Pearson’s correlation revealed a positive relation between two measurements. Moreover, it was found that echogenicity varied with reproductive organs. This is a model study, which may help to identify female reproductive structures in small ruminants when trans-abdominal probe is used.

Download Full-text

Ammonium transporter expression in sperm of the disease vectorAedes aegyptimosquito influences male fertility

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.2011648117 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 117 (47) ◽

pp. 29712-29719

Author(s):

Andrea C. Durant ◽

Andrew Donini

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Tract ◽

Reproductive Organs ◽

Female Reproductive Tract ◽

Ammonium Transporter ◽

Ammonia Toxicity ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Acid Base Balance ◽

Domains Of Life ◽

Base Balance ◽

Rh Proteins

The ammonium transporter (AMT)/methylammonium permease (MEP)/Rhesus glycoprotein (Rh) family of ammonia (NH3/NH4+) transporters has been identified in organisms from all domains of life. In animals, fundamental roles for AMT and Rh proteins in the specific transport of ammonia across biological membranes to mitigate ammonia toxicity and aid in osmoregulation, acid–base balance, and excretion have been well documented. Here, we observed enrichedAmt(AeAmt1) mRNA levels within reproductive organs of the arboviral vector mosquito,Aedes aegypti, prompting us to explore the role of AMTs in reproduction. We show that AeAmt1 is localized to sperm flagella during all stages of spermiogenesis and spermatogenesis in male testes. AeAmt1 expression in sperm flagella persists in spermatozoa that navigate the female reproductive tract following insemination and are stored within the spermathecae, as well as throughout sperm migration along the spermathecal ducts during ovulation to fertilize the descending egg. We demonstrate that RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated AeAmt1 protein knockdown leads to significant reductions (∼40%) of spermatozoa stored in seminal vesicles of males, resulting in decreased egg viability when these males inseminate nonmated females. We suggest that AeAmt1 function in spermatozoa is to protect against ammonia toxicity based on our observations of high NH4+levels in the densely packed spermathecae of mated females. The presence of AMT proteins, in addition to Rh proteins, across insect taxa may indicate a conserved function for AMTs in sperm viability and reproduction in general.

Download Full-text

Distribution of Trimethoprim and Sulfametopyrazine in the Female Reproductive Tract

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/030006058601400209 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 101-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paulo Cesar Preza ◽

Claudia Moura ◽

Aguinaldo Leite Filho ◽

Valeria Cavallari ◽

Franklin Nüdemberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Uterine Leiomyoma ◽

Reproductive Tract ◽

Female Genital Tract ◽

Reproductive Organs ◽

Female Reproductive Tract ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Dose Ratio ◽

Reproductive Tract Infections ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Female Genital

A combination of trimethoprim (TMP) 250 mg and sulfametopyrazine (SMP) 200 mg (dose ratio 5:4) in capsules was administered to ten patients undergoing hysterectomy for uterine leiomyoma. Each patient received a total of 3 of these Kelfiprim capsules: 2 capsules in a single administration 36 hours before surgery and 1 capsule 24 hours later. TMP and SMP concentrations were analyzed in plasma and also in the ovary, Fallopian tube and uterus, removed during surgery. The results indicated that in the reproductive organs of the female genital tract TMP reaches the same concentrations as in plasma. In contrast SMP is 3 to 3·5 times less concentrated in these tissues compared with plasma. At the TMP/SMP ratios obtained in these various organs synergism of the two compounds is reported to be particularly prominent for most bacterial strains. These findings indicate that this TMP-SMP combination may be useful in the treatment of female reproductive tract infections.

Download Full-text

Cervicovaginal COVID-19 Positivity: A Pilot Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-395951/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Barış Çiplak ◽

Yavuz Şimşek ◽

Mustafa Kara ◽

Rukiye Akyol ◽

Lokman Hizmali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Tract ◽

Sexual Transmission ◽

Reproductive Organs ◽

Female Reproductive Tract ◽

Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽

Swab Sample ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Viral Nucleic Acid ◽

Cervical Swab ◽

Cervicovaginal Fluid

Abstract Purpose: ACE 2 RNA expression has been detected in organs of the female reproductive tract, suggesting that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) could potentially infect female reproductive organs. In this study, we investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus in the cervicovaginal fluid.Materials and Methods: Our study included 31 female patients aged 18–65 years. The presence of SARS-COV-2 RNA was investigated by RT-PCR in two separate cervicovaginal swab samples collected from patients 14 days apart. Viral RNA was extracted using viral nucleic acid buffer (vNAT) solution, and SARS-COV-2 RNA was analyzed using Bio-speedy SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR kits in Bio-Rad CFX96 TouchTM device.Results: The first and second cervical swab samples were collected from 22 of 31 patients 14 days apart. The first cervical swab sample was collected from 9 patients; however, the second swab sample could not be collected after 14 days. SARS-COV-2 RNA result was negative in 100% of a total of 53 cervicovaginal swab samples collected. Moreover, the SARS-COV-2 RNA result was negative in the nasopharyngeal swab of babies after delivery in three pregnant women.Conclusion: Negative SARS-COV-2 RNA results in cervicovaginal swab samples suggest that there is no sexual transmission of COVID-19 and no vertical transmission during pregnancy. However, the number of studies conducted on this subject and the sample size examined are still insufficient.

Download Full-text

Prevention and Treatment of Reproductive Tract Infection

Journal La Medihealtico ◽

10.37899/journallamedihealtico.v1i1.14 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 8-12

Author(s):

Risnawati Ramli

Keyword(s):

Sexual Intercourse ◽

Reproductive Tract ◽

Reproductive Organs ◽

Pubic Hair ◽

Female Reproductive Tract ◽

Reproductive Tract Infections ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Reproductive Tract Infection ◽

Multiple Partners ◽

Tract Infections

Reproductive Tract Infections (ISR) occur because of the process of entering and breeding the germs that cause infections into the female reproductive tract. Caring for sexual organs is often not done as often as caring for other organs. Though sexual organs need extra attention. In these sexual organs, the resulting sweat is quite excessive. So that the sexual organs become moist. prevention that can be done to prevent the occurrence of sexually transmitted diseases that is with care and maintain the cleanliness of the reproductive organs. Treatments that can be done are consuming healthy and nutritious eating, avoid using tight pants, check with your doctor if you experience vaginal discharge for a very long time, make it a habit to cleanse the genitals after sexual intercourse, do not use pantyliner, avoid having sexual intercourse with multiple partners. Washing the genitals every day, changing clothes frequently, at least twice a day in the bath, during menstruation, use soft pads, always wash hands before touching the genitals, avoid using other people's towels or washcloths and shave a portion of pubic hair to prevent bacterial growth

Download Full-text