Therapeutic and evolutionary characteristics of Diabetic ketosis decompensations after a decade at the University Hospital of Cotonou, Benin

Aim: To evaluate the therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of diabetic ketosis decompensation, a decade after its previous report in our center. Materials and Method: This was a 3-year retrospective study, including all patients admitted from June 1, 2016 to May 31, 2019 for DKA at the Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Department of the National and University Hospital Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM). Ketosis was defined by the presence of at least 2 acetone crosses on the urine strip. Results: A total of 196 patients were included. The mean age was 43.73 years ± 16.2 years with a sex ratio of 0.96. The prevalence of DKA was 28.99%. The main precipitating factors of DKA were infections (67.86%) and non-compliance to the treatment (29.59%). The most common infections were urogenital (23.30%), respiratory (18.04%) and malaria (32.33%). The mortality was 2.55%. Male subjects (84.36%) had blood glucose levels above 3g/L with a higher mean dose of insulin used (84.71 IU versus 54.29 IU for women p=0.008). Duration of recovery (p=0.008) and length of hospitalization (p=0.006) were statistically longer for men. Conclusion: The prevalence of ketosis decompensations remains high. The main decompensation factors found were infections and non-compliance to treatment. Improving patient care over the past decade had produced a positive impact on mortality, recovery time and length of hospitalization.

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Therapeutic and evolutionary characteristics of Diabetic ketosis decompensations after a decade at the University Hospital of Cotonou, Benin

Endocrinology and Disorders ◽

10.31579/2692-9759/067 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 01-05

Author(s):

Gninkoun Jules

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Positive Impact ◽

University Hospital ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Diabetic Ketosis ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Compliance To Treatment ◽

The University ◽

Improving Patient Care ◽

Length Of Hospitalization

Aim: To evaluate the therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of diabetic ketosis decompensation, a decade after its previous report in our center. Materials and Method: This was a 3-year retrospective study, including all patients admitted from June 1, 2016 to May 31, 2019 for DKA at the Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Department of the National and University Hospital Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM). Ketosis was defined by the presence of at least 2 acetone crosses on the urine strip. Results: A total of 196 patients were included. The mean age was 43.73 years ± 16.2 years with a sex ratio of 0.96. The prevalence of DKA was 28.99%. The main precipitating factors of DKA were infections (67.86%) and non-compliance to the treatment (29.59%). The most common infections were urogenital (23.30%), respiratory (18.04%) and malaria (32.33%). The mortality was 2.55%. Male subjects (84.36%) had blood glucose levels above 3g/L with a higher mean dose of insulin used (84.71 IU versus 54.29 IU for women p=0.008). Duration of recovery (p=0.008) and length of hospitalization (p=0.006) were statistically longer for men. Conclusion: The prevalence of ketosis decompensations remains high. The main decompensation factors found were infections and non-compliance to treatment. Improving patient care over the past decade had produced a positive impact on mortality, recovery time and length of hospitalization.

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Glucose levels between the anterior chamber of the eye and blood are correlated based on blood glucose dynamics

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0256986 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (9) ◽

pp. e0256986

Author(s):

Toshihide Kurihara ◽

Deokho Lee ◽

Ari Shinojima ◽

Taku Kinoshita ◽

Saori Nishizaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Anterior Chamber ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Glucose Monitoring ◽

University Hospital ◽

Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽

Monitoring Site ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Glucose Dynamics

Glycemic control is essential to manage metabolic diseases such as diabetes. Frequent measurements of systemic glucose levels with prompt managements can prevent organ damages. The eye is a glucose highly demanding organ in our body, and the anterior chamber (AC) in the eye has been suggested for a noninvasive blood glucose monitoring site. However, calculating blood glucose levels from measuring glucose levels in AC has been difficult and unclear. In this study, we aimed to examine glucose levels from AC and find a correlation with blood glucose levels. A total of 30 patients with cataracts (men and women, study 1; 7 and 3, study 2; 9 and 11) who visited Keio University Hospital from 2015 to 2018 and agreed to participate in this study were recruited. Glucose levels from AC and the blood were examined by a UV-hexokinase or H2O2-electrode method before/during the cataract surgery. These values were analyzed with regression analyses depending on the groups (blood glucose-ascending and descending groups). In the blood glucose-descending group, glucose levels from AC were strongly correlated with blood glucose levels (a high R2 value, 0.8636). However, the relatively moderate correlation was seen in the blood glucose-ascending group (a low R2 value, 0.5228). Taken together, we showed different correlation ratios on glucose levels between AC and the blood, based on blood glucose dynamics. Stacking data regarding this issue would enable establishing noninvasive blood glucose monitoring from measuring glucose levels in AC more correctly, which will be helpful for proper and prompt managements for glucose-mediated complications.

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Mechanisms of Glucose Absorption in the Small Intestine in Health and Metabolic Diseases and Their Role in Appetite Regulation

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13072474 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 2474

Author(s):

Lyudmila V. Gromova ◽

Serguei O. Fetissov ◽

Andrey A. Gruzdkov

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Glucose Absorption ◽

Cellular Mechanisms ◽

Physiological Conditions ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

New Strategy ◽

Intestinal Glucose Absorption

The worldwide prevalence of metabolic diseases such as obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes shows an upward trend in recent decades. A characteristic feature of these diseases is hyperglycemia which can be associated with hyperphagia. Absorption of glucose in the small intestine physiologically contributes to the regulation of blood glucose levels, and hence, appears as a putative target for treatment of hyperglycemia. In fact, recent progress in understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of glucose absorption in the gut and its reabsorption in the kidney helped to develop a new strategy of diabetes treatment. Changes in blood glucose levels are also involved in regulation of appetite, suggesting that glucose absorption may be relevant to hyperphagia in metabolic diseases. In this review we discuss the mechanisms of glucose absorption in the small intestine in physiological conditions and their alterations in metabolic diseases as well as their relevance to the regulation of appetite. The key role of SGLT1 transporter in intestinal glucose absorption in both physiological conditions and in diabetes was clearly established. We conclude that although inhibition of small intestinal glucose absorption represents a valuable target for the treatment of hyperglycemia, it is not always suitable for the treatment of hyperphagia. In fact, independent regulation of glucose absorption and appetite requires a more complex approach for the treatment of metabolic diseases.

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POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME;

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2012.19.06.2483 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 19 (06) ◽

pp. 786-788

Author(s):

KIRAN BUTT ◽

FARAH DEEBA ◽

HAVAIDA ATTIQUE

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Commercial Kits ◽

The University ◽

Ovarian Syndrome

Objective: The objective of the present study was to determine the changes in the glucose level and lipid profile in patients withpolycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Study Design: Descriptive study. Place and Duration of the study: This study was conducted atInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore from June 2009 to June 2010. Patients and Methods: Total 50patients with PCOS were included and 50 age-matched control subjects were also selected for comparison. Their glucose levels and lipidprofile were assessed using commercial kits. The data thus obtained was subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Significant differences(P<0.05) in fasting blood glucose level and individual parameters of lipid profile were observed in women with PCOS. A higher prevalence ofhypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, higher LDL, lower HDL and higher fasting blood glucose levels was explored in PCOS womenthan controls. Conclusions: Abnormal glucose level and lipid profile in PCOS women showed that these women are at an increased risk ofdeveloping diabetes and subsequently cardiovascular diseases.

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Comparing a Social and Communication App, Telephone Intervention, and Usual Care for Diabetes Self-Management: 3-Arm Quasiexperimental Evaluation Study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.14024 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ching-Ju Chiu ◽

Yung-Chen Yu ◽

Ye-Fong Du ◽

Yi-Ching Yang ◽

Jou-Yin Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Usual Care ◽

Diabetes Education ◽

Evaluation Study ◽

University Hospital ◽

Telephone Intervention ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Institutional Review ◽

Care Groups

BACKGROUND Many technology-assisted innovations have been used to manage disease. However, most of these innovations are not broadly used by older adults due to their cost. Additionally, disease management through technology-assisted innovations has not been compared with other interventions. OBJECTIVE In this study, we tested the employment of a free and widely used social and communication app to help older adults with diabetes manage their distress and glycemic control. We also compared the effectiveness of the app with 2 other methods, namely telephone and conventional health education, and determined which subgroup experiences the most effects within each intervention. METHODS Adults aged ≥50 years with type 2 diabetes were recruited from Southern Taiwan (N=231) and were allocated to different 3-month interventions. Informed consent was obtained at the Ministry of Science and Technology and approved by the National Cheng Kung University Hospital Institutional Review Board (No. A-ER-102-425). RESULTS Participants in the mobile-based group had significant reductions in hemoglobin A1c compared with the telephone-based and usual care groups (mean changes of –0.4%, 0.1%, and 0.03%, respectively; <i>P</i>=.02). Diabetes-specific distress decreased to a greater extent in the mobile-based group compared to the other 2 groups (mean changes of –5.16, –3.49, and –2.44, respectively, <i>P</i>=.02). Subgroup analyses further revealed that the effects on reducing blood glucose levels in the social and communication app groups were especially evident in patients with lower distress scores, and diabetes-related distress was especially evident in participants who were younger than 60 years or had higher educational levels. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study inform more flexible use of social and communication apps with in-person diabetes education and counselling.

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Incidence of metabolic diseases of dairy cows in Puerto Rico and its relationship with production and reproduction behavior

The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico ◽

10.46429/jaupr.v92i1-2.2620 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 92 (1-2) ◽

pp. 39-52

Author(s):

Julio C. Meléndez ◽

José Pantoja ◽

Angel A. Custodio ◽

John Fernández Van Cleve ◽

Raúl Macchiavelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Body Condition ◽

Metabolic Disorders ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Normal Blood ◽

Blood Calcium ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Condition Score

Data were obtained from 89 Holstein cows, distributed among seven commercial herds, to evaluate the incidence of metabolic disorders during the periparturient transition period. The herds were enrolled in the Dairy Herd Improvement Program (DHIP) and were routinely visited by veterinarians, who diagnosed any metabolic disorders. The cows were observed every two weeks to evaluate body condition score (1 to 5 scale), to discern clinical disorders and to obtain blood samples for chemical analyses. Clinical metabolic diseases were not diagnosed, but 34% of the cows showed sub-clinical hypocalcaemia (blood calcium less than 7.9 mg/dl) and 14% had blood glucose levels less than 39.9 mg/dl. Although not significant (P greater than 0.05), milk production was higher at the second and third milk weighings in the normal cows than in those with sub-clinical hypocalcaemia (27.5 and 25.6 vs. 25.1 and 23.6 kg, respectively). The interval between parturition and first service was shorter in cows with normal blood calcium levels than in those that suffered sub-clinical hypocalcaemia (74 vs. 91 days, P less than 0.05). Mean body condition score of the cows without sub-clinical hypocalcaemia or sub-normal blood glucose levels was higher than that of cows with these conditions (2.5 vs. 2.3 in both criteria, P less than 0.05). It is concluded that postpartum blood calcium concentrations affect the interval from parturition to first service and that the probability of occurrence of hypocalcaemia after parturition can be estimated from prepartum blood calcium concentrations.

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Comparing a Social and Communication App, Telephone Intervention, and Usual Care for Diabetes Self-Management: 3-Arm Quasiexperimental Evaluation Study

JMIR mhealth and uhealth ◽

10.2196/14024 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. e14024

Author(s):

Ching-Ju Chiu ◽

Yung-Chen Yu ◽

Ye-Fong Du ◽

Yi-Ching Yang ◽

Jou-Yin Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Usual Care ◽

Diabetes Education ◽

Evaluation Study ◽

University Hospital ◽

Telephone Intervention ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Institutional Review ◽

Care Groups

Background Many technology-assisted innovations have been used to manage disease. However, most of these innovations are not broadly used by older adults due to their cost. Additionally, disease management through technology-assisted innovations has not been compared with other interventions. Objective In this study, we tested the employment of a free and widely used social and communication app to help older adults with diabetes manage their distress and glycemic control. We also compared the effectiveness of the app with 2 other methods, namely telephone and conventional health education, and determined which subgroup experiences the most effects within each intervention. Methods Adults aged ≥50 years with type 2 diabetes were recruited from Southern Taiwan (N=231) and were allocated to different 3-month interventions. Informed consent was obtained at the Ministry of Science and Technology and approved by the National Cheng Kung University Hospital Institutional Review Board (No. A-ER-102-425). Results Participants in the mobile-based group had significant reductions in hemoglobin A1c compared with the telephone-based and usual care groups (mean changes of –0.4%, 0.1%, and 0.03%, respectively; P=.02). Diabetes-specific distress decreased to a greater extent in the mobile-based group compared to the other 2 groups (mean changes of –5.16, –3.49, and –2.44, respectively, P=.02). Subgroup analyses further revealed that the effects on reducing blood glucose levels in the social and communication app groups were especially evident in patients with lower distress scores, and diabetes-related distress was especially evident in participants who were younger than 60 years or had higher educational levels. Conclusions The findings of this study inform more flexible use of social and communication apps with in-person diabetes education and counselling.

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Uji Efektivitas Beras Herbal Forte terhadap Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Darah Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 (Study of the Herbal Rice Forte Effectiveness on Decreasing Blood Glucose of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patient)

Pustaka Kesehatan ◽

10.19184/pk.v6i1.6789 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 85

Author(s):

Gema Akbar Wakhidana ◽

Ancah Caesarina Novi Marchianti ◽

Ali Santosa

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Control Group ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Type 2 Dm

Diabetes mellitus is metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia caused by disturbances in insulin secretion or insulin activity. Herbal Forte Rice is rice synthetic material composed of main purple sweet potato and corn flour. It contains antioksidan, fiber, resistant starch and having moderate glycemic index. This study aimed to determine the effectivity of Herbal Forte Rice on decreasing blood glucose levels of patients type 2 DM. It used a cross-over design, the role of research subjects was both as control and treatment groups. Total sample of this research consisted of 60 samples. The treatment group was given Herbal Forte Rice for 7 days in 2 consecutive meals, while the control group did not receive any intervention. The results showed the average level of Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) beginning and end of the treatment group 179.76 mg/dL and 138.7 mg/dL; FBG beginning and end of the control 180.87 mg/dL and 187.63 mg/dL; 2 hours post prandial Blood Glucose (2hppBG) levels of beginning and end of the treatment group 284.37 mg/dL and 183.8 mg/dL; 2hppBG levels beginning and end of the control 280.57 mg/dL and 284.13 mg/dL. This study concludes that Herbal Forte Rice effective on decreasing blood glucose levels of patients type 2 DM. Keywords: diabetes mellitus, Rice Herbal Forte, GDP and GD2PP

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Applications for self-monitoring of gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnancy; part of the improvement of connected health in Europe (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.14561 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Kristina Drusany Starič ◽

Vladimir Trajkovik ◽

Hrvoje Belani ◽

Petra Bukovec

Keyword(s):

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Mobile Applications ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Mobile Apps ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Self Monitoring ◽

Healthy Behaviors ◽

Connected Health ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels

BACKGROUND The rapid development of mobile application technology and personalized medicine also in Europe, stimulate the self-monitoring. Self-monitoring allows the patient to actively participate in the treatment process, with a positive impact on the result of the treatment. Mobile applications thus offer a new way to promote healthy behaviors, such as healthy diet, physical activity and measurement of blood glucose levels in the care for women with gestational diabetes. However, there are many factors, which make significant barriers preventing wide use of mobile applications in general medical praxis. OBJECTIVE The main aim of this study is to evaluate the most commonly used mobile apps used to manage gestational diabetes and compare them to each other. METHODS This paper presents a study, which investigates the mobile applications that can potentially support controlling of the blood sugar in pregnant women. After a broad overview of mobile applications on the Google Play Store and iTunes, we found 90 mobile applications that fit our keywords search terms and our inclusion criteria. Among these 90 applications, only 4 were designed for the management of gestational diabetes and not diabetes in general. All 4 were downloaded and analysed. Among the rest 86 applications that were designed to manage diabetes in general we downloaded, evaluated and compared to each other 5 applications with the highest download rate. RESULTS The characteristics of the most commonly used applications were described. Differentiations between useful mobile applications were investigated. CONCLUSIONS Applications can provide support for women to act on a certain issue by themselves without visiting an obstetrician. Although most of the applications were very useful, we suggested improvements. The greatest policy concerns of connected health are quality, privacy and safety of the gathered data.

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