scholarly journals THE INCREASE IN DRILLING DURABILITY OF TRICONE BITS

2018 ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
M. Ya. Habibullin ◽  
R. I. Syleymanov ◽  
O. V. Filimonov
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limit ◽  
Location Error ◽  
Direction Parallel ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Working Surface ◽  
Group Interchangeability

The process of location error the bit in the chuck was verified experimentally and put into production by measuring the gap between the working surface of the limiting ring and the calibrating surface of the cutter to improve the accuracy of the bit production. Bits having a diameter close to the lower limit value can be processed in a cartridge with a restrictive ring of reduced diameter. The height of cutters is reduced as a result of introduction into production of the method of group interchangeability of sections in height, measured in a direction parallel to the axis of the bit.

Skin exposure: requirements to methods determining active ingredient of pesticides in washings

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
V. N. Rakitskii ◽  
N. E. Fedorova ◽  
I. V. Bereznyak ◽  
N. G. Zavolokina ◽  
L. P. Muhina
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limit ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Safety Coefficient ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Calculated Risk ◽  
Nature Studies ◽  
Active Substances

The article presents results of studies exemplified by diquat on analysis concerning influence of lower limit value of quantitative assessment in washing sample for safety coefficient in exposure and in absorbed dose, if acting substance is absent in workplace ambient air samples and in dermal washings of workers. To control diquat in dermal washings, there is a method based on ion-pair liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (working wavelength 310 nm). To concentrate sample, cartridges for solid-phase extraction, containing ion exchange sorbent (Oasis MCX 6cc/500 mg), are used. Lower limit of assessment in washing sample — 0,15 micrograms. Experimentally set washing completeness is within range of 80–92%, standard deviation of repetition is 7,0% at most. The method created was tested in nature studies determining dermal exposure in workers subjected to 5 various preparations based on diquat dibromide when used for surface spraying from tractor and from aircraft. For lower limit of detection in washing sample (0,15 micrograms/washing), calculated risk value of exposure varied within 0,26–0,36; risk of absorbed dose was low — 0,23 (the allowable one ≤1). Findings are that present measuring methods which provide lower limit of detection 1 and 5 micrograms in washing sample could result in unallowable risk establishment even with absence of the substance in all samples of workplace air and dermal washings. The calculation formula suggested enables to give theoretic basis for requirements to lower limit of detecting active substances in dermal washing samples for evaluating risk of pesticides use in agriculture.

scholarly journals Risk Analysis Income of Fish Business at Ranau Lake of South Sumatera Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 04022
Author(s):  
Fifian Permatasari ◽  
Munajat
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Lower Limit ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Sample Method

This study aimed to analyse the risk income of fish business in Ranau Lake of South Sumatera Indonesia. The location is determined by purposive on the banks of Ranau Lake, South OKU, South Sumatera Province, Indonesia. The method of this research is case study method, and simple random sampling as the sample method, with take 62 samples of 81 total population. The result showed that the income from this business is Rp 148.459.460 a year. Risk analysis showed that this business will not face risk significantly, which is indicated by the coefficient of variation of 0.0892004791 with a lower limit value of the income is Rp 121.974.150.081.

scholarly journals VALIDASI BATAS ATAS BATAS BAWAH ESTIMASI DURASI GEDUNG KONSTRUKSI BERTINGKAT BERBASIS EARNED SCHEDULE

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Catherine Michellie Widjaja ◽  
Basuki Anondho
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limit ◽  
Probabilistic Method ◽  
Earned Value ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Project Duration ◽  
Project Completion ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Planning Project ◽  
Independent Population

Determination of estimated project completion is an activity that influenced the planning project since it can decide the success or failure of the project. However, duration is often not in accordance with prediction caused by uncertainty of the project. Calculation by probabilistic method is rated better than deterministic since probabilistic includes the uncertainty factor in its calculation. In addition, probabilistic method provides results in the form of intervals in upper to lower limit. In predicting project's final duration, the time-based Earned Schedule (ES) method is rated capable of overcoming the lack of cost-based Earned Value (EV). This research aims to determine the ongoing project’s upper and lower limit prediction duration using ES method through validation towards the completed project’s real duration. The average prediction of ongoing project duration will be calculated using ES by Microsoft Excel. The results will be validated towards the average real project duration using hypothesis tests of two independent population means. Result of average of upper limits indicates a valid value while the average of lower limits indicates a non-valid value with the upper limit value is 0.0025 week/m2 and lower limit is 0.0020 week/m2.Keywords: duration estimation; probabilistic; Earned Schedule; validation; upper limit and lower limit. AbstrakPenentuan estimasi penyelesaian proyek merupakan kegiatan yang berpengaruh dalam proses perencanaan karena dapat menentukan keberhasilan atau kegagalan proyek tersebut. Namun, durasi seringkali tidak sesuai dengan prediksi karena sifat ketidakpastian proyek. Perhitungan dengan metode probabilistik dinilai lebih baik daripada deterministik karena metode ini menyertakan unsur ketidakpastian dalam perhitungannya. Disamping itu, perhitungan probabilistik menyajikan hasil dalam bentuk interval yang dinyatakan dalam batas atas dan batas bawah. Dalam memprediksi durasi akhir proyek, metode Earned Schedule (ES) yang berbasis waktu dinilai mampu mengatasi kekurangan Earned Value (EV) yang berbasis biaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menetapkan nilai prediksi batas atas dan batas bawah proyek yang sedang berjalan dengan metode ES melalui validasi terhadap durasi nyata proyek yang sudah selesai. Rata-rata prediksi durasi proyek konstruksi yang sedang berjalan dihitung menggunakan metode ES dengan bantuan Microsoft Excel. Hasilnya kemudian divalidasi terhadap rata-rata durasi nyata proyek yang sudah selesai menggunakan uji hipotesis rata-rata sampel ganda. Hasil nilai batas atas proyek yang sedang berjalan dinyatakan valid dan nilai batas bawah dinyatakan tidak valid dengan nilai batas atas sebesar 0,0025 minggu/m2 dan batas bawah 0,0020 minggu/m2.

The Calculation of Fractal Model’s Non-Scale Range

2012 ◽  
Vol 569 ◽  
pp. 88-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Jiu Yan ◽  
Lin Fu Xue ◽  
Wen Qing Li
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limit ◽  
Fractal Model ◽  
Heilongjiang Province ◽  
Geological Data ◽  
Software Platform ◽  
Recognition Method ◽  
Fractal Method ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Scale Range ◽  
Geological Anomaly

Application of fractal method to establish geological data fractal model is an important way to identify geological anomaly. Using derivative identification method, it can divide the fractal model’s non-scale range respectively. It determines the abnormal areas according to the abnormal lower limit value. In this paper, the geological data of Au element is calculated by "C-A" fractal model in Mohe Heilongjiang province. On the same non-scale range the double logarithmic fitting curve has the similar local slope and the second-order derivative of this curve within the same non-scale range could be slightly fluctuate near zero. Using the threshold , the non-scale ranges can be identified by this method. The abnormal lower limit value identified by this method is lesser than the artificial recognition method. On the Matlab software platform to calculate Au abnormal areas’ dimension value is 2.65, and the element abnormal lower limit value is 2.9. The abnormal areas delineated by this abnormal lower limit value contain all the gold ore sites we have known.

scholarly journals Kejadian Preeklampsia dan Faktor Risiko yang Mempengaruhinya

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Safrudin Tolinggi ◽  
Kasma Mantualangi ◽  
Nuryani Nuryani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Lower Limit ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Control Study

AbstractOne cause of maternal morbidity and mortality is preeclampsia. The purpose of this research was to determine the risk factors of preeclampsia. The type of research was observational analytic using a case control study to determine risk factors for the incidence of preeclampsia in pregnant women. The population in this study as many as 1182 people and the sample size of 168 people consisting of case and control samples. Sampling technique was used purposive sampling. Results was showed that analysis unvariate parity 1 and > 3 as many as 62,5%, the distance of pregnancy < 2 years and > 5 years as many as 35,7% and education < 9 years as many as 33,3%. Analysis bivariate with odds ratio values obtained OR = 1.052, with a lower limit value (0.563) and the upper limit (1.965) then parity was significant risk factor on the incidence of preeclampsia. Results of statistical bivariate analysis OR = 2.088, with a lower limit value (1.096) and the upper limit (3.978) then the distance pregnancy was significant risk factor on the incidence of preeclampsia. Results of statistical bivariate analysis odds ratio values obtained OR = 1.239, with a lower limit value (0.652) and the upper limit (2.354) then education was a significant risk factor on the incidence of preeclampsia. The conclusion of this study was the parity, gap of pregnancy and education were the risk factor for preeclampsia in pregnant women.Keywords; age, education, gap of pregnancy, parity, preeclampsiaAbstrakSalah satu penyebab morbiditas dan mortalitas ibu adalah preeclampsia. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor risiko kejadian preeclampsia. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasional analitik dengan menggunakan rancangan case control study untuk mengetahui faktor risiko kejadian preeklampsia pada ibu hamil. Populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 1182 orang dan jumlah sampel 168 orang yang terdiri dari sampel kasus dan kontrol. Tehnik pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan analisis univariat paritas 1 dan > 3 sebanyak 62,5%, jarak kehamilan < 2 tahun dan > 5 tahun sebanyak 35,7% dan pendidikan < 9 tahun sebanyak 33,3%. Analisis bivariat dengan uji odds ratio diperoleh nilai OR=1,052, dengan nilai lower limit (0,563) dan upper limit (1,965) maka paritas merupakan faktor risiko yang bermakna terhadap kejadian preeklampsia. Hasil analisis statistik bivariat dengan uji odds ratio dengan nilai OR=2,088, dengan nilai lower limit (1,096) dan upper limit (3,978) maka jarak kehamilan merupakan faktor risiko yang bermakna terhadap kejadian preeklampsia. Hasil analisis statistik bivariat dengan uji odds ratio diperoleh nilai OR=1,239, dengan nilai lower limit (0,652) dan upper limit (2,354) maka pendidikan merupakan faktor risiko yang bermakna terhadap kejadian preeklampsia. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah paritas, jarak kehamilan dan pendidikan merupakan faktor risiko kejadian preeklampsia pada ibu hamil.Kata kunci; umur, jarak kehamilan, pendidikan, paritas, preeklmpsia

scholarly journals Formation of cyclobutane thymine dimers by tiaprofenic acid and its photoproducts: approach to the photosensitizer triplet state energy limit value

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (84) ◽  
pp. 68595-68600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Michaud ◽  
Guillaume Bordeau ◽  
Valérie Sartor ◽  
Jose Luis Bourdelande ◽  
Jordi Hernando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triplet State ◽  
Lower Limit ◽  
State Energy ◽  
Tiaprofenic Acid ◽  
Energy Limit ◽  
Dimer Formation ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Thymine Dimers ◽  
Triplet State Energy ◽  
Cyclobutane Thymine Dimer

Tiaprofenic acid family photosensitizes cyclobutane thymine dimer formation allowing to approach the lower limit threshold of a photosensitizer triplet state energy to excite the triplet state of thymine in DNA.

scholarly journals Calculation of SS, TN and TP Specific Concentration Factors for Land-Use Types Using a Simple Watershed Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Seiko Yoshikawa ◽  
Donglai Ma ◽  
Tadamasa Saito ◽  
Kenji Matsumori ◽  
Yuko Itoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
River Water ◽  
Lower Limit ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Concentration Factor ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Specific Concentration ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Concentration Factors

To contribute to the prediction of rainfall-related disasters, specific concentration factors that indicate the suspended solid (SS), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) load intensities to river water for each land-use type were calculated using a simple watershed land-use model across Japan by applying the following multiple regression equation, according to the land-use ratios and published SS, TN and TP data. C=i=14aixi C: SS, TN and TP concentrations (mg L-1); ai: SS, TN and TP specific concentration factor for land use i; xi: ratio of land use i; land use: 1 paddy fields, 2 upland fields, 3 forests, 4 urban areas. The land-use ratios for watersheds, whose lower ends were observation points of river water quality, were determined by the GIS technique using a published database of DEM and LULC mesh data. The SS specific concentration factor was 15.4 (from a 95% lower limit value of 12.0 to a 95% upper limit value of 18.8), 11.5 (7.4 to 15.6), 3.9 (2.6 to 5.1), and 11.2 (9.2 to 13.2) for paddy fields, upland fields, forests and urban areas, respectively (n=5103). The TN specific concentration factor was 1.67 (from a 95% lower limit value of 1.34 to a 95% upper limit value of 2.01), 4.08 (3.64 to 4.51), 0.76 (0.67 to 0.90), and 3.57 (3.38 to 3.76) for paddy fields, upland fields, forests and urban areas, respectively (n=3256). The TP specific concentration factor was 0.146 (from a 95% lower limit value of 0.119 to a 95% upper limit value of 0.172), 0.172 (0.138 to 0.206), 0.044 (0.033 to 0.055), and 0.267 (0.253 to 0.282) for paddy fields, upland fields, forests and urban areas, respectively (n=3256). These specific concentration factors had regional tendencies, such as suburban or rural, intensive or extensive agriculture, and so on.

Supernovae and interstellar gas dynamics

1967 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 117-119
Author(s):  
F. D. Kahn ◽  
L. Woltjer
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limit ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Gas Dynamics ◽  
Interstellar Cloud ◽  
Interstellar Gas ◽  
Random Motions ◽  
Relativistic Particles

The efficiency of the transfer of energy from supernovae into interstellar cloud motions is investigated. A lower limit of about 0·002 is obtained, but values near 0·01 are more likely. Taking all uncertainties in the theory and observations into account, the energy per supernova, in the form of relativistic particles or high-velocity matter, needed to maintain the random motions in the interstellar gas is estimated as 1051·4±1ergs.

Analytic integration of contrast transfer functions

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 822-823
Author(s):  
Peter Rez
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Transfer Function ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Direction Parallel ◽  
Scattering Angle ◽  
Analytic Integration ◽  
Image Position

In high resolution microscopy the image amplitude is given by the convolution of the specimen exit surface wave function and the microscope objective lens transfer function. This is usually done by multiplying the wave function and the transfer function in reciprocal space and integrating over the effective aperture. For very thin specimens the scattering can be represented by a weak phase object and the amplitude observed in the image plane is1where fe (Θ) is the electron scattering factor, r is a postition variable, Θ a scattering angle and x(Θ) the lens transfer function. x(Θ) is given by2where Cs is the objective lens spherical aberration coefficient, the wavelength, and f the defocus.We shall consider one dimensional scattering that might arise from a cross sectional specimen containing disordered planes of a heavy element stacked in a regular sequence among planes of lighter elements. In a direction parallel to the disordered planes there will be a continuous distribution of scattering angle.

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