scholarly journals Plant variety assessment of garden strawberry based on fruit strength

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
N. V. Andronova ◽  
T. A. Tumaeva
Keyword(s):  
High Strength ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Crushing Force ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Strength Character ◽  
Research Period ◽  
Horticultural Research

This article investigates the possibility of obtaining genotypes of garden strawberry with enhanced fruit strength. The creation of species and varieties with the specified feature is expected to improve the quality, transportability and storability of berries. Experiments were performed in 2015–2020 at the collection and breeding plots of the Kokinsky testing station of the Federal Horticultural Research Centre for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery. 29 species of the domestic and foreign selection, 7 choice species, as well as the hybrid seedlings of 22 crossing combinations and 3 open pollination populations of garden strawberries, were investigated. The aim was to identify sources of increased trength and perspective crossing combinations, affording the highest yield of seedlings with firm fruits. The examination of the fruit strength was performed at the stage of optimal maturity. Berries crushing force was determined using a VR-04MS-2-BR balance by applying pressure to the fruits until the first drop of juice appears. The measurement results were converted into international units, i.e., Newtons (1 kg = 9.8 N). The phenotypic evaluation of varieties and species of garden strawberries based on the fruit strength revealed genotypes with the firmest fruits — Kleri, Darselect, Tenira, Selekta, Polka, Tzaritza, Aquarelle, Irma and the 3-366-9 selection. These varieties yield the fruits, which endure the crashing force of over 10 N. In the hybrid progeny, the fruit strength varied within a wide range, and its significant change within the crossing combinations and populations of open pollination was revealed. The Darselect, Cleri, Irma, Tzaritza varieties are the most valuable seed parents in the transmission of the high strength character. Within the research period, the best crossing combination yielding seedlings with fi m fruits were Alfa×Darselect, Festival Romashka×Darselect, Irma×Lyubava, 3-366-9×Kleri, Nashe Podmoskovye×Irma, Festival Romashka×Kleri and open pollination population of the Kleri, Darselect, Tzariza varieties. 42.2 to 60.3 % of hybrid seedlings yielded fruits with the crushing force of over 10 N, and an average value for the families amounted to 9.6–11.2 N.

Theoretical study of the prestressing strand's stress by computer modeling methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 1139-1148
Author(s):  
A. G. Korchunov ◽  
E. M. Medvedeva ◽  
E. M. Golubchik
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Pearlitic Steel ◽  
Internal Stresses ◽  
Steel Microstructure ◽  
Compressive Stresses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Prestressing Strands ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Wire Strand

The modern construction industry widely uses reinforced concrete structures, where high-strength prestressing strands are used. Key parameters determining strength and relaxation resistance are a steel microstructure and internal stresses. The aim of the work was a computer research of a stage-by-stage formation of internal stresses during production of prestressing strands of structure 1х7(1+6), 12.5 mm diameter, 1770 MPa strength grade, made of pearlitic steel, as well as study of various modes of mechanical and thermal treatment (MTT) influence on their distribution. To study the effect of every strand manufacturing operation on internal stresses of its wires, the authors developed three models: stranding and reducing a 7-wire strand; straightening of a laid strand, stranding and MTT of a 7-wire strand. It was shown that absolute values of residual stresses and their distribution in a wire used for strands of a specified structure significantly influence performance properties of strands. The use of MTT makes it possible to control in a wide range a redistribution of residual stresses in steel resulting from drawing and strand laying processes. It was established that during drawing of up to 80% degree, compressive stresses of 1100-1200 MPa degree are generated in the central layers of wire. The residual stresses on the wire surface accounted for 450-500 MPa and were tension in nature. The tension within a range of 70 kN to 82 kN combined with a temperature range of 360-380°С contributes to a two-fold decrease in residual stresses both in the central and surface layers of wire. When increasing temperature up to 400°С and maintaining the tension, it is possible to achieve maximum balance of residual stresses. Stranding stresses, whose high values entail failure of lay length and geometry of the studied strand may be fully eliminated only at tension of 82 kN and temperature of 400°С. Otherwise, stranding stresses result in opening of strands.

SP 700

Alloy Digest ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Bend Strength ◽  
Beta Titanium Alloy ◽  
Superplastic Behavior ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Beta Titanium ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
Cold Workability

Abstract SP 700 is a high strength, beta-rich alpha-beta titanium alloy. It was developed with the following attributes: (1) excellent hot- and cold-workability; (2) enhanced hardenability with a wide range of mechanical properties that can be obtained by heat treatment; and (3) superior superplastic behavior at low temperature (around 1050 K). This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, microstructure, elasticity, tensile properties, and bend strength. It also includes information on high temperature performance as well as heat treating. Filing Code: TI-107. Producer or source: NKK Corporation.

ALMAR 300 ALLOY

Alloy Digest ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Cold Working ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Age Hardening ◽  
Ultra High Strength Steel ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Iron Nickel ◽  
Useful Yield

Abstract ALMAR 300 Alloy is a vacuum-melted ultra-high-strength steel. The annealed structure of this alloy is essentially a carbon-free, iron-nickel martensite (a relatively soft Rockwell C 28) that can be strengthened by cold working and elevated-temperature (900-950 F) age hardening to useful yield strengths as high as 300,000 psi. The unique properties of this alloy make it suitable for a wide range of section sizes. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SA-349. Producer or source: Allegheny Ludlum Corporation.

USS TENELON

Alloy Digest ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Stress Rupture ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Creep Properties ◽  
United States Steel Corporation ◽  
Excellent Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mild Acid

Abstract USS TENELON is a completely austenitic, nickel-free stainless steel with exceptionally high strength which is retained at elevated temperatures. It has excellent corrosion resistance in atmospheric and mild acid exposures and maintains nonmagnetic characteristics even when 60% cold reduced. It also has good stress-rupture and creep properties in the range 1200-1500 F. It has a wide range of applications. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness, creep, and fatigue. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: SS-311. Producer or source: United States Steel Corporation.

SAE 8642

Alloy Digest ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Alloy Steel ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Strength And Toughness

Abstract SAE 8642 is a triple-alloy steel that can be hardened by austenitizing and quenching in oil. This steel has moderate hardenability with relative high strength and toughness, especially in the quenched-and-tempered condition. It is used in a wide range of components, parts and tools; examples are bolts, shafts, gears, wrenches, axles and housings. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: SA-382. Producer or source: Alloy steel mills and foundries.

DOMEX 550MC

Alloy Digest ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Hsla Steel ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Bend Strength ◽  
Cold Forming ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hot Rolled ◽  
Earthmoving Machines

Abstract Domex 550MC is a hot-rolled, high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel for cold forming operations. It is available in thicknesses of 2.00-12.80 mm. The alloy meets or exceeds the requirements of S550MC in EN 10149-2. Applications include a wide range of fabricated components and steel structures, including truck chassis, crane booms, and earthmoving machines. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, tensile properties, and bend strength as well as fatigue. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: SA-594. Producer or source: SSAB Swedish Steel Inc.

Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Yield and Quality of Garlic cv. Yamuna Safed-3

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
A B Priyanshu ◽  
M K Singh ◽  
Mukesh Kumar ◽  
Vipin Kumar ◽  
Sunil Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Horticultural Research

An experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Centre, SVP University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (UP) during Rabi season of 2018-19 to assess the impact of different INM doses on yield and quality parameters of garlic. A total of ten treatments consisting of combinations of inorganic fertilizers, organic fertilizers and bio-fertilizers like T1- (Control), T2RDF (100:50:50 kg NPK ha-1), T3-RDF + 20 kg sulphur + FYM 20 ton ha-1, T4- RDF + 20 kg sulphur + VC 4 ton ha-1, T5- 75% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + 5 ton FYM ha-1+ PSB 5 kg ha-1, T6-75% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + 2 ton VC + Azotobacter 5 kg ha-1, T7- 75% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + FYM 3 ton + VC 1 ton+ PSB 5 kg + Azotobacter 5kg ha-1, T8- 50% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + FYM 5 ton + VC2 ton + PSB 5 kg ha-1, T9- 50% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + FYM5 ton + VC 2 ton+ Azotobacter 5 kg ha-1and T10- 50% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + FYM 5 ton + VC2 ton + PSB 5 kg + Azotobacter 5 kg ha-1 were used in Randomized Block Design and replicated thrice. Out of these an application of T7 (75% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + FYM3 ton + VC 1 ton ha-1 + PSB 5 kg + Azotobacter 5 kg ha-1) was found to be significantly superior in term of yield and attributing parameters of garlic.

Investigations on the Mechanical Properties and Formability of Friction Stir Welded Tailored Blanks

2007 ◽  
Vol 344 ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Buffa ◽  
Livan Fratini ◽  
Marion Merklein ◽  
Detlev Staud
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Tailored Blanks ◽  
Sheet Stamping ◽  
Wide Range

Tight competition characterizing automotive industries in the last decades has determined a strong research effort aimed to improve utilized processes and materials in sheet stamping. As far as the latter are regarded light weight alloys, high strength steels and tailored blanks have been increasingly utilized with the aim to reduce parts weight and fuel consumptions. In the paper the mechanical properties and formability of tailored welded blanks made of a precipitation hardenable aluminum alloy but with different sheet thicknesses, have been investigated: both laser welding and friction stir welding have been developed to obtain the tailored blanks. For both welding operations a wide range of the thickness ratios has been considered. The formability of the obtained blanks has been characterized through tensile tests and cup deep drawing tests, in order to show the formability in dependency of the stress condition; what is more mechanical and metallurgical investigations have been made on the welded joints.

scholarly journals Considerations of the Scale of Radiocarbon Offsets in the East Mediterranean, and Considering a Case for the Latest (Most Recent) Likely Date for the Santorini Eruption

Radiocarbon ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 449-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sturt W Manning ◽  
Bernd Kromer
Keyword(s):  
Time Horizon ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
East Mediterranean ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
East Mediterranean Region

The debate over the dating of the Santorini (Thera) volcanic eruption has seen sustained efforts to criticize or challenge the radiocarbon dating of this time horizon. We consider some of the relevant areas of possible movement in the14C dating—and, in particular, any plausible mechanisms to support as late (most recent) a date as possible. First, we report and analyze data investigating the scale of apparent possible14C offsets (growing season related) in the Aegean-Anatolia-east Mediterranean region (excluding the southern Levant and especially pre-modern, pre-dam Egypt, which is a distinct case), and find no evidence for more than very small possible offsets from several cases. This topic is thus not an explanation for current differences in dating in the Aegean and at best provides only a few years of latitude. Second, we consider some aspects of the accuracy and precision of14C dating with respect to the Santorini case. While the existing data appear robust, we nonetheless speculate that examination of the frequency distribution of the14C data on short-lived samples from the volcanic destruction level at Akrotiri on Santorini (Thera) may indicate that the average value of the overall data sets is not necessarily the most appropriate14C age to use for dating this time horizon. We note the recent paper of Soter (2011), which suggests that in such a volcanic context some (small) age increment may be possible from diffuse CO2emissions (the effect is hypothetical at this stage and hasnotbeen observed in the field), and that "if short-lived samples from the same stratigraphic horizon yield a wide range of14C ages, the lower values may be the least altered by old CO2." In this context, it might be argued that a substantive “low” grouping of14C ages observable within the overall14C data sets on short-lived samples from the Thera volcanic destruction level centered about 3326–3328 BP is perhaps more representative of the contemporary atmospheric14C age (without any volcanic CO2contamination). This is a subjective argument (since, in statistical terms, the existing studies using the weighted average remain valid) that looks to support as late a date as reasonable from the14C data. The impact of employing this revised14C age is discussed. In general, a late 17th century BC date range is found (to remain) to be most likelyeven ifsuch a late-dating strategy is followed—a late 17th century BC date range is thus a robust finding from the14C evidence even allowing for various possible variation factors. However, the possibility of a mid-16th century BC date (within ∼1593–1530 cal BC) is increased when compared against previous analyses if the Santorini data are considered in isolation.

Strain-Rate Effect on the Tensile Behaviour of High Strength Alloys

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 124-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezio Cadoni ◽  
Matteo Dotta ◽  
Daniele Forni ◽  
Stefano Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Constitutive Law ◽  
Tensile Behaviour ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Split Hopkinson Tensile Bar ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
First Results

In this paper the first results of the mechanical characterization in tension of two high strength alloys in a wide range of strain rates are presented. Different experimental techniques were used for different strain rates: a universal machine, a Hydro-Pneumatic Machine and a JRC-Split Hopkinson Tensile Bar. The experimental research was developed in the DynaMat laboratory of the University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland. An increase of the stress at a given strain increasing the strain-rate from 10-3 to 103 s-1, a moderate strain-rate sensitivity of the uniform and fracture strain, a poor reduction of the cross-sectional area at fracture with increasing the strain-rate were shown. Based on these experimental results the parameters required by the Johnson-Cook constitutive law were determined.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document