scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE BOROZDKOVY ELEMENTS OF WATERING OF SUNFLOWER ON THE CISCAUCASIAN CARBONATE CHERNOZEM OF THE STEPPE ZONE OF KBR

2018 ◽  
pp. 138-142
Author(s):  
M. D. Eneev
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Frequency Rate ◽  
The North ◽  
Direct Dependence

Basic elements of superficial watering on furrows in a steppe zone of the Central part of the North Caucasus on the carbonate chernozem of long irrigation are studied. Parameters of dependence of field norm on length of an irrigation furrow and a specific stream of water, productivity on watering for a shift of a polivalshchik, energy consumption at the studied elements of borozdkovy watering and frequency rate of irrigation are determined. It is revealed that at biases 0,025-0,030 speed of current of water don’t lead to manifestation of washout of the soil to negative level. The maximum irrigation norm about 1100-1300 m3 of hectare are reached when watering on the furrow length 200-300 m the productivity of sunflower is in direct dependence on irrigating norm and varies from 22 to 32 c/hectare. The maximum efficiency of sunflower is formed in a head piece of the sector of the irrigated site.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of herbicides in winter wheat in the steppe zone of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania

2020 ◽  
Vol 193 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
A. Tedeyeva ◽  
A. Abayev ◽  
V. Tedeyeva ◽  
Natalia Khokhoeva
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The North ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
The Republic ◽  
North Ossetia

Abstract. The authors present the results of the use of herbicides on winter wheat crops in the steppe zone of North Ossetia-Alania. The purpose of the work is to study the effectiveness of the use of herbicides in winter wheat crops. The object of research is two varieties of winter wheat – Trio and Utrish, which differ in maturity, susceptibility to leaf-stem pathogens. The novelty lies in the fact that for the first time in the steppe zone of the Mozdok region, in the research and production department of the North Caucasus Research Institute of Mining and Piedmont Agriculture of the All-Russian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the effectiveness of the use of herbicides in winter wheat crops was studied, an economic assessment of the studied agricultural techniques was given. Methods. The counts and observations were carried out according to generally accepted methods described in the “Educational-methodical guide for conducting research in agronomy”. Results. As a result of the use of herbicides and their tank mixture, it contributed to a significant reduction in the number of weeds (the percentage of death in the bumping phase varied between 55.9–81.1 % compared to the control). The removal of mineral nutrition elements by weeds was: nitrogen – 72.6 kg/ha, phosphorus – 14.4 kg/ha, potassium-52.4 kg/ha. Herbicides had a positive effect on photosynthetic activity. The leaf area during its maximum development (earing phase) according to the studied variants increased by 12.7–16.4 %, and the photosynthetic potential – by 13.7–17.8 %. The PPF for the studied options (the average value for the growing season) increased by 0.34–0.51 g/m2 per day. The studied drugs contributed to a significant increase in productivity. The largest increase was obtained according to the option: Grench (5 g/ha) + Luvaram (800 ml / ha) – 2.39–2.60 t/ha. The profitability level in the control (without herbicides) was at the level of 25.7 % (grade Trio), and according to the studied options ranged from 148.7 % (Luvarum 1600 ml / ha) to 169.2 % (Grench 5 g/ha + Luvaram 800 ml/ha).

scholarly journals FORMATION OF THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL COMPOSITION OF THE POPULATION OF UKRAINE IN COSSACK TIME. STEPPE IMPACT

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-276
Author(s):  
T. O. Rudych
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Broad Face ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The South ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
The North ◽  
Medieval Population

The anthropological type of Ukrainians of Cossack Era was formed on the Old Rus anthropological substrate. They were mostly descendants of the inhabitants of former lands of Drevlyani, Volynyani, Tivertsy and partly Galichani. They were characterized by a combination of a broad face with a dolichocranial or mesocranial skull. People from non-Slavic groups, including ones from the steppe zone, also took part in the formation of the anthropological composition of the late medieval population of Ukraine. Mostly it was a population that was genetically related to the groups that had ancient roots in the Turkic-speaking world. It was characterized by a Zlivkin morphological complex (brachycranium, a relatively broad face that had a weakened horizontal profile at the top). The type is Caucasian, it was widespread in large areas occupied by the Saltovo-Mayatska culture. It was characteristic for the population of Khazaria, the medieval cities of Crimea, the plains of the North Caucasus, the southern Bulgarians. For the population of Volga Bulgaria, the appearance of this morphological complex is associated with the movement of the early Bulgarians genetically related to the Sarmatians. The type continued to dominate in some areas during the Golden Horde and after the Golden Horde Age. Its presence is recorded in the south of Ukraine and in Moldova. The infiltration of the descendants of this population into the Slavic environment of Ukraine took place in different ways. The source territories for it could be the Lower Dnieper and the Prut-Dniester interfluve. The time of infiltration is most likely the second half of the 13th—15th centuries. Single skulls which are characterized by a tall face with a sharp horizontal profile and can be associated with people from the North Caucasus are recorded in the late medieval cemeteries of Ukraine. Skulls with clearly defined Mongoloid features practically are not found in the late medieval Christian cemeteries of Ukraine. Groups of nomads with these features (from Cumans to Nogai Tartars) are anthropologically differ as far as possible from the population of Cossack Era Ukraine, which was buried in Christian cemeteries.

scholarly journals COULD THE PERSONS BURIED IN PEREPIATIKHA BARROW BE THE LORDS OF THE HILLFORD OF KHOTIV?

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-75
Author(s):  
E. A. Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Local Material ◽  
Bronze Mirrors

North-West side of Forrest-Steppe zone had no high activity in historical events of the beginning of Iron Age, so the material culture of sites of these territories have had no sharp chronological rappers. They took places in aristocratic complexes just with appearance of Scythian in Middle Dnieper region. The article deals with two brilliant sites dating to the Early Scythian time — hillford of Khotiv and Perepiatikha burial mound. How is traditional and innovative on these sits divided? The antiquities of the previous period in Central and Eastern Europe became a conservative feature in the local material culture. This is a way of building and building materials, bi-ritual burial ceremony, hand-made pottery, prestigious personal metal things of the Thracian-Illyrian type, bronze details of a traditional costume, metal and stone tools, stone dishes and crackers. Innovation is divided into several categories. The first is the technology of fortification, which was appeared in placement of defense from the cavalry, and not only from the archers, and the emergence of new types of arrows — so called Scythian, which in fact became a forced import. In other words, innovation in technology relates to the sphere of warfare. The second category is import. Early imports are associated with the antiquities of the North Caucasus, the Middle East and Asia Minor (Khotiv’s predator, griffins from Perepiatikha, bronze mirrors, geshire and paste beads), which can be called jewelry and toilet items on the whole, that is, luxury items. Late imports connected with Greek policies. These are amphorae — containers of wine or other products, willing fineware and cooking pottery, which in general can be called consumer goods. Both types of innovation are generally associated with adoption or inventing, as well as getting through trade of new things or technologies that are not associated with the massive migration of carriers of innovation features. At the same time, traditional features show that the ethnic characteristics of the population of the region are not unchanged at the time of being of both sits — hillfort of Khotiv and the funeral complex of Perepiatikha.

scholarly journals Agrobiological Assessment of Varieties and Some Methods of Growing Garlic in the Forest-steppe Zone of the Republic of Ingushetia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
B B Galaev ◽  
M A Bazgiev ◽  
K Sh Badurgova ◽  
I A Gutseriev ◽  
M Kh Gandarov
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
The North ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
The Republic

Increasing production and improving the quality of garlic products is an important production problem. Under the conditions of the vertical zonality of the North Caucasus with varying agroecological conditions, the yield of this crop largely depends on the technology of cultivation and the level of its intensity. Important factors determining the yield and quality of garlic products are varieties adapted to these agro-climatic conditions, quality planting material, cultivation technology that meets the requirements of the crop and the agro-climatic conditions of the region. Currently, the potential productivity of the varieties used in the republic is realized only by 30-40 percent. This is due to the insufficient development of technologies for their cultivation, taking into account the specific environmental conditions of the region. In this regard, research aimed at studying the basic laws of the formation of yield and product quality varieties of garlic is a pressing issue.

scholarly journals NEW DATA ABOUT THE FAUNА OF ORIBATID MITES (ORIBATIDA) OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-63
Author(s):  
Umukusum Ya. Shtanchaeva ◽  
Luis S. Subias ◽  
Aleksandr M. Kremenitsa
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Oribatid Mites ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Subalpine Meadows ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
The North ◽  
First Time

The purpose of this work is to publish new data on the species composition of oribatid mites in the North Caucasus, which will make possible to clarify the destribution of the oribatids of the world fauna region. The material was collected in 2003-2009, according to generally accepted methods, in 23 habitats in the territory of Adygea, Dagestan, Kabardino-Balkaria and the Krasnodar Territory in various altitudinal levels: in alpine and subalpine meadows, in mountain forests of various types (birch, pine, beech or mixed), mesophytic meadows in the forest zone, in xerophytic shrubs and mountain steppes, floodplain meadows and salt marshes of the semidesert biotopes of the lowland zone. Results. There were found 349 species of the oribatid mites from 158 genera and subgenera belonging to 62 families. Forest habitats are characterized by the greatest species diversity, there are found 232 species of oribatids. In the alpine and subalpine meadows 158 species are noted, 71 species are found in the mountain steppe zone, 47 species in the salt marshes of the semidesert zone, and 7 species in the floodplain meadows. For the first time in the Caucasian region one genus Novosuctobelba Hammer, 1977 and 29 species of the oribatid mites are registered, founded earlier only in Japan, China, Somalia and some countries of the Mediterranean. There are 14 new taxa for science: 12 species and 2 subspecies. Conclusion. In 23 biotopes of 18 geographical points of the Northern Caucasus 349 species of the oribatid mites from 158 genera and subgenus and 62 families were found. The number of species found in the biotopes of different altitude zones corresponds to the basic patterns of distribution of oribatids in mountain ecosystems: the biotopes of the forest zone are characterized by the greatest species diversity, the number of species in the soils of alpine and subalpine meadows and biotopes of the mountain-steppe zone is somewhat lower, the smallest number of species is found in the semidesert zone. For the first time in the Caucasian region one genus and 29 species of oribatid have been recorded, which allows to expand the areology of some species of the oribatid mites. There are 14 new taxa for science.

scholarly journals THE SPREAD OF PYRENOPHORA TERES ON BARLEY CROPS IN THE NORTH-CAUCASUS REGION

2019 ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. V. Volkova ◽  
I. L. Astapchuk
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Pyrenophora Teres ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Agroclimatic Zone ◽  
The North

The size and quality of yields are under constant threat not only because of weather conditions with its stressful effect on plants, but also pathogenic fungi, including the most harmful net leaf blotch (the causative agent Drechslera teres (Saccardo) Shoemaker (syn. Helminthosporium teres Saccardo), teleomorph: Pyrenophora teres Drechsler). In the period from 2014 to 2016, the eight regions of the North Caucasus (Labinsky, Kuschevsky, Kackazsky, Yeysky, Tselinsky GSU, Achikulaksky GSIU, Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” and the North-Kubansky Agricultural Experimental Station named after P. P. Lukyanenko) made experiments and studied winter barley varieties infected with P. teres. Net leaf blotch was found on barley crops in all studied areas. In total there were studied 300 winter and 59 spring forms, where 117 winter and 37 spring varieties showed resistance to the disease in different years. In the southern hilly zone 15 variety samples (19% of 78 studied varieties) proved to be stable to the disease for 3 years of research. In the western pre-Azov zone 11 varieties (25% of 43 studied variety samples) showed a stable reaction. In the central part 114 barley samples were studied, where 25 variety samples (21%) showed a stable reaction to P. teres. In the east-steppe zone, 9 out of 9 (100%) variety samples were found to be stable. In the northern zone 18 samples (32%) showed a sustained resistance to the pathogen out of 56 studied ones. Thus, the largest number of resistant variety samples was found in areas located in the arid eastern steppe zone and with insufficiently stable moisture in the northern agroclimatic zone. Consequently, to protect barley from net leaf blotch pathogen, it is necessary not only to select highly resistant varieties, but also to take into account the dependence of barley infestation with P. teres on agroclimatic conditions (temperature and humidity) in different areas of the North Caucasus.

VARIETY FEATURES OF POTATOES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOOTHONE ZONE NOR - ALANIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1321-1332
Author(s):  
S.S. Basiev ◽  
◽  
A.K. Abazov ◽  
B.V. Bekmurzov ◽  
A.A. Abaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
The North ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
The Republic ◽  
North Ossetia

Potatoes are a valuable product and are of great national economic importance. In terms of the amount of nutrients per unit area, potatoes occupy one of the first places among plants cultivated by humans. In the North Caucasus, the production of marketable potatoes is almost entirely concentrated on the farms of the foothill and mountainous regions, which have favorable natural conditions (sufficient rainfall and moderate temperatures). The solution of almost all problems of the functioning of the agroindustrial complex is focused on ensuring food security. In solving food security in the country and in individual regions, a large role belongs to the development of such an important branch of agro-industrial production as potato growing. The development of this most important industry in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania is possible only on the basis of innovative modernization of potato growing. In the North Caucasus, the production of marketable potatoes is almost entirely concentrated on the farms of the foothill and mountainous regions, which have favorable natural conditions (sufficient rainfall and moderate temperatures). The area of potato planting in the region reached 35-40 thousand hectares, and at present in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania there are about 1.5-2.0 thousand hectares under this crop. The aim of the research is to study the characteristics of growth, plant development, heat-drought resistance of various varieties of potatoes in the forest-steppe zone of North OssetiaAlania. As a result of three-year research (2018- 2020), it was found that under the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of North Ossetia - Alania, such early-maturing varieties as - Udacha, VR808, Gulliver, Riviera form up to 29.8 to 33.4 t / ha of early harvest potato tubers and are the most adapted varieties to local soil and climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Energy efficiency of improvement of agriculture optimization technology and machine complex optimization

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 05054 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Apazhev ◽  
A.G. Fiapshev ◽  
Iu.A. Shekikhachev ◽  
L.M. Khazhmetov ◽  
A.L. Khazhmetova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Food Policy ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
The North ◽  
Direct Energy ◽  
Improved Technology

To ensure the food security of the Russian Federation, one of the priority areas of the state’s economic and food policy is a step-by-step reduction of the dependence of the domestic agroindustry complex on the import of technologies, machines, and equipment. Currently, machines and aggregates that perform one specific operation are often used in preparing the soil for sowing crops; their multiple passes along the surface of the field being treated increase energy costs, lead to soil compaction, emergence and development of erosion processes. Considering this, further improvement of cultivation technologies, machines and units for soil preparation and sowing crops is required. To solve this problem, we propose an improved technology and an optimized complex of machines that can perform plowing, crushing soil blocks, mulching the topsoil, and sowing. The use of the proposed technology and an optimized machinery complex for the cultivation of winter wheat in the Central part of the North Caucasus resulted in a decrease in: direct energy costs by 33.5%; living labor costs by 31.7%; specific energy consumption of MTA by 41.7%; materialized energy costs by 50%; energy consumption for sowing by 7.7%. As a result, total energy costs decreased by 34%.

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