scholarly journals THE SPREAD OF PYRENOPHORA TERES ON BARLEY CROPS IN THE NORTH-CAUCASUS REGION

2019 ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. V. Volkova ◽  
I. L. Astapchuk
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Pyrenophora Teres ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Agroclimatic Zone ◽  
The North

The size and quality of yields are under constant threat not only because of weather conditions with its stressful effect on plants, but also pathogenic fungi, including the most harmful net leaf blotch (the causative agent Drechslera teres (Saccardo) Shoemaker (syn. Helminthosporium teres Saccardo), teleomorph: Pyrenophora teres Drechsler). In the period from 2014 to 2016, the eight regions of the North Caucasus (Labinsky, Kuschevsky, Kackazsky, Yeysky, Tselinsky GSU, Achikulaksky GSIU, Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” and the North-Kubansky Agricultural Experimental Station named after P. P. Lukyanenko) made experiments and studied winter barley varieties infected with P. teres. Net leaf blotch was found on barley crops in all studied areas. In total there were studied 300 winter and 59 spring forms, where 117 winter and 37 spring varieties showed resistance to the disease in different years. In the southern hilly zone 15 variety samples (19% of 78 studied varieties) proved to be stable to the disease for 3 years of research. In the western pre-Azov zone 11 varieties (25% of 43 studied variety samples) showed a stable reaction. In the central part 114 barley samples were studied, where 25 variety samples (21%) showed a stable reaction to P. teres. In the east-steppe zone, 9 out of 9 (100%) variety samples were found to be stable. In the northern zone 18 samples (32%) showed a sustained resistance to the pathogen out of 56 studied ones. Thus, the largest number of resistant variety samples was found in areas located in the arid eastern steppe zone and with insufficiently stable moisture in the northern agroclimatic zone. Consequently, to protect barley from net leaf blotch pathogen, it is necessary not only to select highly resistant varieties, but also to take into account the dependence of barley infestation with P. teres on agroclimatic conditions (temperature and humidity) in different areas of the North Caucasus.

scholarly journals THE ESTIMATION OF WINTER BARLEY VARIETIES ACCORDING TO ECONOMIC-VALUABLE TRAITS IN THE SOUTH OF THE ROSTOV REGION

2019 ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. Filippov ◽  
А. А. Dontsova ◽  
D. P. Dontsov
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Local Soil

Winter barley is one of the early ripening grain crops. It is the early ripeness combined with high productivity, lesser needs in good growing conditions that determines the great national economic importance of this culture. To increase and stabilize gross yields of winter barley, it is necessary to develop new varieties adapted to the negative environmental factors. The purpose of the study is to identify promising breeding material for winter barley to grow varieties with high agroecological stability and adaptability to local soil and climatic conditions. The studies were conducted in the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in 2015–2018. The objects of research were the commercial varieties “Timofey”, “Yeryoma”, “Vivat”, the new winter barley varieties “Foks 1”, “Marusya”, as well as the promising breeding lines. The weather conditions of 2017 were more favorable compared with those of 2016 and 2018, which allowed producing higher yields. All the studied winter barley varieties, even in the wet conditions of 2017, showed a high resistance to lodging (4–5 points by a 5-point scale). In the spring and summer months of 2018, there was a significant increase in temperature in comparison with that of 2017. In June there were some days with dry wind, and therefore the air humidity dropped to 38% (23% lower than the multiyear average). The analysis of the yield structure showed that in 2016 the winter barley varieties showed higher values of the traits “number of kernels per ear” and “1000-kernel weight”, and “number of productive stems per 1 m2” in 2017. According to a comprehensive estimation, there have been identified the promising winter barley varieties “Marusya”, “Parallelum 1960” and “Parallelum 1962”, which significantly exceeded the standard variety “Timofey” in terms of productivity, and showed complex resistance to leaf diseases. In 2016, the variety “Marusya” was sent to be studied in the State Variety Network of RF through the North Caucasus region.

scholarly journals Dynamics of the abundance of cuckoo wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) in the conditions of the altitudinal-belt heterogeneity of the North Caucasus

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 00023
Author(s):  
Nikolay Vinokurov
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
New Species ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Altitudinal Belt ◽  
The North ◽  
Short Period ◽  
First Time

The work provides data on the dynamics of the abundance of 205 taxa from 19 genera: Cleptes, Colpopyga, Elampus, Omalus, Philoctetes, Pseudomalus, Hedychridium, Hedychrum, Holopyga, Chrysidea, Chrysis, Euchroeus, Chrysura, Pseudochrysis, Spinolia, Spinolia, including species rare and new for the fauna of the North Caucasus and Russia. By the nature of the population dynamics, five groups of cuckoo wasps were identified: spring – represented by 7 species from 4 genera; spring-summer – 76 species from 10 genera; summer – 113 species from 16 genera; summer-autumn – 4 species from 2 genera and spring-summer-autumn – 5 species from 3 genus. According to the duration of flight, eurychronous species of cuckoo wasps were identified, which are found throughout the season from spring to autumn; mesochronous – the years of which affect the end of May and summer months and stenochronous – confined to a short period of time. Eurychronic accounted for 2.4%, mesochronous 24.9%, stenochronic 72.7%. The number of generations of cuckoo wasps is related to the dynamics of the number of the host. In the mountains, the peaks of activity shift towards the middle of summer, most species have one peak of activity; due to the frequent changes in weather conditions in the mountains, the phenological characteristics of the cuckoo wasps and their hosts do not coincide in terms with the lowland populations and the periods of activity can be extended in time. Phenological characteristics of rare and new species for the fauna of the North Caucasus and Russia are presented for the first time. The data obtained expand the understanding of the biodiversity and dynamics of the abundance of cuckoo wasps in the North Caucasus and can be used for environmental protection measures and rational nature management in the south of Russia.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE BOROZDKOVY ELEMENTS OF WATERING OF SUNFLOWER ON THE CISCAUCASIAN CARBONATE CHERNOZEM OF THE STEPPE ZONE OF KBR

2018 ◽  
pp. 138-142
Author(s):  
M. D. Eneev
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Frequency Rate ◽  
The North ◽  
Direct Dependence

Basic elements of superficial watering on furrows in a steppe zone of the Central part of the North Caucasus on the carbonate chernozem of long irrigation are studied. Parameters of dependence of field norm on length of an irrigation furrow and a specific stream of water, productivity on watering for a shift of a polivalshchik, energy consumption at the studied elements of borozdkovy watering and frequency rate of irrigation are determined. It is revealed that at biases 0,025-0,030 speed of current of water don’t lead to manifestation of washout of the soil to negative level. The maximum irrigation norm about 1100-1300 m3 of hectare are reached when watering on the furrow length 200-300 m the productivity of sunflower is in direct dependence on irrigating norm and varies from 22 to 32 c/hectare. The maximum efficiency of sunflower is formed in a head piece of the sector of the irrigated site.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of herbicides in winter wheat in the steppe zone of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania

2020 ◽  
Vol 193 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
A. Tedeyeva ◽  
A. Abayev ◽  
V. Tedeyeva ◽  
Natalia Khokhoeva
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The North ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
The Republic ◽  
North Ossetia

Abstract. The authors present the results of the use of herbicides on winter wheat crops in the steppe zone of North Ossetia-Alania. The purpose of the work is to study the effectiveness of the use of herbicides in winter wheat crops. The object of research is two varieties of winter wheat – Trio and Utrish, which differ in maturity, susceptibility to leaf-stem pathogens. The novelty lies in the fact that for the first time in the steppe zone of the Mozdok region, in the research and production department of the North Caucasus Research Institute of Mining and Piedmont Agriculture of the All-Russian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the effectiveness of the use of herbicides in winter wheat crops was studied, an economic assessment of the studied agricultural techniques was given. Methods. The counts and observations were carried out according to generally accepted methods described in the “Educational-methodical guide for conducting research in agronomy”. Results. As a result of the use of herbicides and their tank mixture, it contributed to a significant reduction in the number of weeds (the percentage of death in the bumping phase varied between 55.9–81.1 % compared to the control). The removal of mineral nutrition elements by weeds was: nitrogen – 72.6 kg/ha, phosphorus – 14.4 kg/ha, potassium-52.4 kg/ha. Herbicides had a positive effect on photosynthetic activity. The leaf area during its maximum development (earing phase) according to the studied variants increased by 12.7–16.4 %, and the photosynthetic potential – by 13.7–17.8 %. The PPF for the studied options (the average value for the growing season) increased by 0.34–0.51 g/m2 per day. The studied drugs contributed to a significant increase in productivity. The largest increase was obtained according to the option: Grench (5 g/ha) + Luvaram (800 ml / ha) – 2.39–2.60 t/ha. The profitability level in the control (without herbicides) was at the level of 25.7 % (grade Trio), and according to the studied options ranged from 148.7 % (Luvarum 1600 ml / ha) to 169.2 % (Grench 5 g/ha + Luvaram 800 ml/ha).

scholarly journals FORMATION OF THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL COMPOSITION OF THE POPULATION OF UKRAINE IN COSSACK TIME. STEPPE IMPACT

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-276
Author(s):  
T. O. Rudych
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Broad Face ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The South ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
The North ◽  
Medieval Population

The anthropological type of Ukrainians of Cossack Era was formed on the Old Rus anthropological substrate. They were mostly descendants of the inhabitants of former lands of Drevlyani, Volynyani, Tivertsy and partly Galichani. They were characterized by a combination of a broad face with a dolichocranial or mesocranial skull. People from non-Slavic groups, including ones from the steppe zone, also took part in the formation of the anthropological composition of the late medieval population of Ukraine. Mostly it was a population that was genetically related to the groups that had ancient roots in the Turkic-speaking world. It was characterized by a Zlivkin morphological complex (brachycranium, a relatively broad face that had a weakened horizontal profile at the top). The type is Caucasian, it was widespread in large areas occupied by the Saltovo-Mayatska culture. It was characteristic for the population of Khazaria, the medieval cities of Crimea, the plains of the North Caucasus, the southern Bulgarians. For the population of Volga Bulgaria, the appearance of this morphological complex is associated with the movement of the early Bulgarians genetically related to the Sarmatians. The type continued to dominate in some areas during the Golden Horde and after the Golden Horde Age. Its presence is recorded in the south of Ukraine and in Moldova. The infiltration of the descendants of this population into the Slavic environment of Ukraine took place in different ways. The source territories for it could be the Lower Dnieper and the Prut-Dniester interfluve. The time of infiltration is most likely the second half of the 13th—15th centuries. Single skulls which are characterized by a tall face with a sharp horizontal profile and can be associated with people from the North Caucasus are recorded in the late medieval cemeteries of Ukraine. Skulls with clearly defined Mongoloid features practically are not found in the late medieval Christian cemeteries of Ukraine. Groups of nomads with these features (from Cumans to Nogai Tartars) are anthropologically differ as far as possible from the population of Cossack Era Ukraine, which was buried in Christian cemeteries.

scholarly journals SOURCES OF HIGH-QUALITY GRAIN IN WINTER COMMON WHEAT BREEDING

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (27) ◽  
pp. 164-171
Author(s):  
N.I. Sokolenko ◽  
◽  
N.A. Galushko ◽  
N.M. Komarov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
High Yield ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
The North ◽  
Gluten Content

Research on improving winter common wheat varieties in the context of combining high yield and grain quality is relevant. The research aimed to evaluate and select variety samples of winter common wheat with high technological indicators of grain quality for breeding purposes. In this study, we analyzed grain from 10 variety samples of the world collection; winter wheat grain of variety ‘Aivina’ served as a standard. Soil – ordinary medium-loamy medium-thick low-humus chernozem. Wheat was grown on the experimental fields of the North Caucasus FARC in the zone with unstable moistening on bare fallow. Grain vitreousness percentage in 2019 ranged between 44.0 and 53.0 %, in 2020 – 30.5–50.0 %. In the same years, this indicator for variety-standard ‘Aivina’ was 56.0 and 48.0 %, respectively. The gluten content in the grain depended on the weather conditions and genotype. Grain of all varieties harvested in 2019, including standard ‘Aivina’, had a high gluten content (28.2–35.6 %) and corresponded to strong wheat. In 2020, the situation was absolutely different. The amount of gluten in the grain of variety samples harvested in 2020 ranged between 22.9 and 34.6 %; for ‘Aivina’, this indicator reached 26.9 %. The gluten quality in all variety samples during the years of research was typical for class 2. The variety samples were characterized by a high protein content in the grain – 16.7–20.8 % and 13.5–20.4 %; the same indicator for ‘Aivina’ was 16.7 and 15.8 %. Sedimentation rate in the variety samples was 50–81 ml and 34–64 ml; in ‘Aivina’ – 50 and 43 ml. Maximum sedimentation values were noted for the variety ‘Prestizh’. It indicates the ability to form grain, the strength of which is typical for wheat-improver. The correlation between sedimentation and gluten content (r = 0.63), as well as between sedimentation and the falling number (r = 0.73), was positive and significant during the years of research. All studied genotypes are promising for breeding new wheat varieties as sources for obtaining high-quality grain.

scholarly journals Изучение коллекционного материала озимой твердой пшеницы на наличие гена устойчивости к септориозу Stb2

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
O. S. Zhogaleva ◽  
A. Yu. Myshastaya ◽  
O. S. Pavlenko ◽  
N. N. Vozhzhova ◽  
E. V. Ionova
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Septoria Leaf Blotch ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Study Results ◽  
High Yields

In order to obtain high yields of winter durum wheat, it is necessary not only to use advanced agricultural technologies, but also to sow varieties resistant to major diseases. One of these diseases that cause great harm to grain crops is Septoria leaf blotch. The current paper has presented the study results of collection material of Russian and foreign winter durum wheat according to the efficiency of the Septoria leaf blotch resistance gene Stb2 in the North Caucasus region. The purpose of the current study was to identify the Septoria leaf blotch resistance gene Stb2 in the collection material of winter durum wheat. The study was carried out in 2017–2018 in the laboratory of marker breeding of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” in Zernograd. In the course of the study there have been applied such methods as the isolation of genomic DNA by the CTAB-method, PCR-analysis with the molecular SSR marker WMS533, electrophoresis on 2% agarose gel, analysis of electrophoresis gels in the Bio-Rad Image Lab 6.0 software, general data analysis by Microsoft Excel. The study has shown that 29 samples out of 185 analyzed ones had the Septoria leaf blotch resistance gene Stb2, they are the lines L3557 h42, L3182 h7, L3335 h29, L3336 h43, L3408 h218 (Russia, FSBSI “Research Center of Plants named after P. P. Lukyanenko”), K-61620 (Russia), K-54455, DF 917 (Romania), K-61924, K-59179, K-51863, K-61869 (Moldova), K-63871 (Turkey), Kharkovskaya 909 (Ukraine), MVTD-15-99 (Hungary), 2196-1/04, 922/93, 589/13, 655/13, 683/13, 145/14, 322/14, 484/14, Gordeiform 1424/82 (Russia, FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”), Beliy Parus (Ukraine), Belgorodskaya Yantarnaya (LLC “Sativa” in Belgorod, Russia), IR named after V. Ya. Yuriev (Kharkov, Ukraine)), Zhivitsa (Russia, Prikumskaya OSS), Pandur (Romania) and Elidur (Romania). There have been recommended using the identified samples of winter durum wheat with the Septoria leaf blotch resistance gene Stb2 in breeding programs.

scholarly journals The structure of the seed herbage of the pannonian clover (Trifolium pannonicum Jacq.) variety Snezhok in the conditions of the Kirov region

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-359
Author(s):  
E. V. Popova ◽  
E. G. Arzamasova ◽  
I. V. Shihova
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
First Year ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Number Of Stems

The article presents the results of 2016-2020 study of the characteristics of growth and development of the pannonian clover variety Snezhok, bred at the Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named N.V. Rudnitsky, while using the herbage for seeds. Uneven-aged herbage was assessed in the breeding nursery of 2016 sowing according to the characteristics of winter hardiness, the duration of individual interphase periods of development, plant height, structure of seed herbage, fruiting and seed yield. The overwintering of plants in all the years of research was high ‒ 100%. With an increase in the age of the stand, the prefloral (from growing to the beginning of flowering) and growing seasons from 47 to 72 and from 92 to 125-130 days (days) were lengthened. The height of plants in the phase of maturation of heads and seeds with the age of the stand also increased from 66.6 (1 year of use (y.u.)) to 97.1 cm (4 y.u.), the tendency of herbage to lodging increased from 0 (1 y.u.) to 30.9% (4 y.u.). In the first year of seed use (the 2 nd year of life (y.l.)), the minimum values of such structural indicators as the number of stems and heads per 1 m2 (245 and 151 pcs.), The content of generative stems in the total amount (42.8%), weight of seeds per 1 m2 (15.3 g). Starting from the 2 nd y.u. the listed structure indicators significantly increased and herbage stands were formed annually for three years, allowing them to be classified as highly productive: with the stem density of 366-405 pcs / m2 and a share of generative ones in them - 59.0-84.2 %, the number of heads - 350 -500 pcs / m2 , seed weight - 31.5-46.1 g / m2 . The level of seed productivity of pannonian clover depended to a greater extent on the age of the stand than on weather conditions during the period from regrowth to seed ripening. It was revealed that the biological (potential) seed yield in favorable years with sufficient technical support can reach 4.33 c/ha, while the actual (economic) average over the years of research was 0.54 c/ha, with changes from 0.20 (2017) up to 0.74 c/ha (2020).

scholarly journals ECONOMIC AND BIOLOGICAL TRAITS OF THE NEW WINTER DURUM WHEAT VARIETIES ‘YAKHONT’ AND ‘YANTARINA’

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (28) ◽  
pp. 92-100
Author(s):  
N.P. Ilichkina ◽  
◽  
N.E. Samofalova ◽  
T.S. Bezuglaya ◽  
O.A. Dubinina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
The North

In 2018 and 2020, two winter durum wheat varieties, ‘Yakhont’ and ‘Yantarina’, were included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements for the North Caucasus region. They were developed at the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” by the intraspecific stepwise hybridization using both varieties and lines created in the ARC “Donskoy” and from the other regions. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the new winter durum wheat varieties ‘Yakhont’ and ‘Yantarina’ according to productivity, resistance to abiotic and biotic stress factors, grain and pasta quality. The study was carried out in 2014–2020 in the ARC “Donskoy” located in the southern part of the Rostov region, which is favorable for winter durum wheat cultivation. The soil of the experimental plot – chernozem ordinary calcareous heavy loamy. The climate of the region is characterized by semi-arid hot summers and moderately mild winters. The sum of positive temperatures is more than 3400°С; Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) – 0.8; average annual air temperature – 9.7°С. The average annual precipitation is 450–600 mm. This paper presents the results of studying varieties according to the traits and properties mentioned above, points to their advantages compared to the standard variety ‘Donchanka’. On average, over seven years of competitive testing, the varieties ‘Yakhont’ and ‘Yantarina’ showed the following: productivity – 8.46 and 8.52 t/ha; 1000-grain weight – 40.8 and 43.5 g; drought tolerance – 4.5 points both; lodging resistance – 4.6 and 4.2 points; leaf rust resistance – 10–20% both. They excided the standard variety ‘Donchanka’ by 1.17 and 1.23 t/ha; 4.0 and 6.7 g; 0.5 points; 1.0 and 0.6 points; 3.0 %; 10%, respectively. The varieties ‘Yakhont’ and ‘Yantarina’ formed higher yields due to the increased number of productive stems per 1 m2 (591 and 542; the standard variety formed 498 productive stems), the productivity per head (1.52 and 1.68 g, the standard variety yielded 1.47 g). According to grain and pasta quality, ‘Yakhont’ and ‘Yantarina’ met not only the requirements of GOST R9353-2016 but also exceeded the standard variety ‘Donchanka’ in vitreousness (by 7.4 and 8.0%), grain nature (by 41 and 46 g/l), gluten content (by 2.0 and 0.70%), falling number (by 4 and 44 seconds), SDS-sedimentation (by 4 and 3 ml).

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