scholarly journals Energy efficiency of improvement of agriculture optimization technology and machine complex optimization

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 05054 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Apazhev ◽  
A.G. Fiapshev ◽  
Iu.A. Shekikhachev ◽  
L.M. Khazhmetov ◽  
A.L. Khazhmetova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Food Policy ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
The North ◽  
Direct Energy ◽  
Improved Technology

To ensure the food security of the Russian Federation, one of the priority areas of the state’s economic and food policy is a step-by-step reduction of the dependence of the domestic agroindustry complex on the import of technologies, machines, and equipment. Currently, machines and aggregates that perform one specific operation are often used in preparing the soil for sowing crops; their multiple passes along the surface of the field being treated increase energy costs, lead to soil compaction, emergence and development of erosion processes. Considering this, further improvement of cultivation technologies, machines and units for soil preparation and sowing crops is required. To solve this problem, we propose an improved technology and an optimized complex of machines that can perform plowing, crushing soil blocks, mulching the topsoil, and sowing. The use of the proposed technology and an optimized machinery complex for the cultivation of winter wheat in the Central part of the North Caucasus resulted in a decrease in: direct energy costs by 33.5%; living labor costs by 31.7%; specific energy consumption of MTA by 41.7%; materialized energy costs by 50%; energy consumption for sowing by 7.7%. As a result, total energy costs decreased by 34%.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE BOROZDKOVY ELEMENTS OF WATERING OF SUNFLOWER ON THE CISCAUCASIAN CARBONATE CHERNOZEM OF THE STEPPE ZONE OF KBR

2018 ◽  
pp. 138-142
Author(s):  
M. D. Eneev
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Frequency Rate ◽  
The North ◽  
Direct Dependence

Basic elements of superficial watering on furrows in a steppe zone of the Central part of the North Caucasus on the carbonate chernozem of long irrigation are studied. Parameters of dependence of field norm on length of an irrigation furrow and a specific stream of water, productivity on watering for a shift of a polivalshchik, energy consumption at the studied elements of borozdkovy watering and frequency rate of irrigation are determined. It is revealed that at biases 0,025-0,030 speed of current of water don’t lead to manifestation of washout of the soil to negative level. The maximum irrigation norm about 1100-1300 m3 of hectare are reached when watering on the furrow length 200-300 m the productivity of sunflower is in direct dependence on irrigating norm and varies from 22 to 32 c/hectare. The maximum efficiency of sunflower is formed in a head piece of the sector of the irrigated site.

scholarly journals Multi-Stage Method of Milk Powder Production: Energy Costs Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-401
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kharitonov ◽  
Vladimir Asafov ◽  
Pavel Kuznetsov ◽  
Valentina Gabrielova
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Dehydration Process ◽  
Milk Whey ◽  
Multi Stage

Introduction. One of the promising methods in the production of dairy and other food in concentrated, condensed and dry forms is a consistent combination of dehydration methods. The subject of this research relevant now is approaches to the calculation of such processes. The work objective is to analyze the dehydration staging effect on the energy consumption in this process. Study objects and methods. Liquid, concentrated and powdered dairy products: whole and skim milk, milk whey, whole milk substitutes, as well as their dehydration parameters at certain stages. The determination of moisture and solids mass fraction in products was carried out with a standard method. Results and discussion. The feasibility of using a multi-stage dehydration method for the production of various types of powder milk products has been justified. The characteristic boundaries of solids mass fraction at different stages of the process were determined. The material-balance equation made it possible to define the formula for the total specific energy consumption relative to the unit of the final dry product at an arbitrary number of dehydration stages. The paper contains examples of a comparative efficiency assessment of the dehydration process carried out at different stages from the point of view of energy costs of its implementation. Conclusion. The research featured various issues related to the use of dehydration methods in the production of milk powder products. An equation has been drawn up to estimate the specific energy consumption of the multi-stage dehydration process relative to a unit of the final dry product. The use of a multi-stage process allows to effectively reduce the specific energy consumption, as well as to generate new high quality products.

scholarly journals MULTI-PURPOSE CHISEL FOR SOIL TREATMENT IN VINEYARDS

Russian vine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
G.G. Parkhomenko ◽  
◽  
S.I. Kambulov ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Root System ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Additional Degree ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Working Bodies

Used in Russia mechanized technology in the vineyards characterized by an increase in en-ergy costs 2.5–3.4 times compared to foreign countries. Most of the energy costs account for processing vineyard soil. It is necessary to improve the methods of mechanized soil cul-tivation in vineyards in terms of reducing en-ergy consumption while maintaining quality. The aim of the study is to develop mecha-nized universal technical means and working bodies for processing row-spacing of vine-yards with the lowest energy consumption without damaging the root system of the bushes. The designed multioperational chisel is capable of performing tiered tillage in ac-cordance with the architectonics of the root system of the bushes. Loosening depth 9–45 cm. The original design of the working bodies of the chisel with an additional degree of freedom provides a reduction in traction resistance by 12–14% and specific energy consumption by 1.2 and more times. Chisel complies with agrotechnical requirements in terms of fulfilling the quality indicators of the technological process. The number of frac-tions up to 50 mm 57.5–76.5 %, lumps over 100 mm 8–9 %. Universal design multiopera-tional garden and vineyard chisel allow its use in technologies of cultivation not only fruit, but also grain and row crops.

Experimental studies of energy consumption of debarking wastes shredding

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Д.В. Бастриков ◽  
Ю.Н. Власов ◽  
С.В. Кучер ◽  
Д.Е. Куницкая
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Nonlinear Function ◽  
Nonlinear Dependence ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Caloric Value ◽  
Natural Logarithm ◽  
Average Size

В статье приводятся результаты экспериментов по измельчению отходов окорки ели в промышленном измельчителе Erdwich M600/1-400. В опытах использовали три группы влажности отходов: отходы непосредственно после окорки (относительная влажностью 70%), подсушенные на воздухе (относительная влажность 40%) и высушенные в сушильной камере (относительная влажность 10%). Средняя крупность кусков до измельчения составляла 70, 50 и 30 мм. Работу, совершенную во время измельчения материала, рассчитывали по зафиксированным данным о потребляемой силе тока при известном напряжении в сети. Установлена закономерность для оценки затрат энергии, требующейся для измельчения отходов окорки ели в зависимости от их относительной влажности и степени измельчения. Показано, что удельная энергоемкость измельчения отходов окорки ели связана с относительной влажностью отходов окорки и степенью их измельчения нелинейной зависимостью, повторяющей структуру закона измельчения Кирпичева-Кика. Отношение теплоты сгорания сухого вещества, содержащегося в продукте измельчения коры ели («энергетическая стоимость»), и энергии, затраченной на ее измельчение («энергетическая себестоимость»), нелинейно зависит от относительной влажности коры, причем у зависимости есть точка экстремума, а именно - минимума. Оптимальная по этому соотношению влажность отходов окорки ели, подлежащих измельчению, составляет 25%. Удельная энергоемкость измельчения отходов окорки ели при оптимальной влажности пропорциональная натуральному логарифму степени измельчения, формула (8). При оптимальной влажности для измельчения отходов окорки ели в 5-15 раз потребуется затратить энергию, составляющую 5-10% теплоты сгорания. В заключение также приводятся предложения о перспективных направлениях дальнейших исследований дробления древесных материалов. The article presents results of experiments on shredding of debarking waste with an industrial shredder Erdwich M600 / 1-400. The experiments use three groups of waste’s humidity: waste immediately after debarking (relative humidity 70%), dried in air (relative humidity 40%) and dried in the drying camera (relative humidity 10%). The average size of the pieces before shredding was 70, 50 and 30 mm. The results set a pattern for evaluating the energy costs required for shredding of debarking waste depending on the relative humidity and the shredding ratio. The results prove that the energy consumption of debarking waste shredding associates with relative humidity of the waste and shredding ratio with a nonlinear dependence, which repeats structure of the Kirpichev-Kik dependence. The paper proves that the caloric value of dry matter contained in the shredding product, and the energy expended in its shredding, link each other as a nonlinear function of the bark humidity with optimal humidity of 25%. The specific energy consumption of the debarking waste shredding at the optimal humidity is proportional to the natural logarithm of the shredding ratio. At the optimal humidity of debarking waste shredding with ratio 5-15 requires expending energy around 5-10% of the waste caloric value. The paper also contains suggestions about further prospective research in the field of wooden materials shredding.

scholarly journals Estimation of Energy Costs when Processing High-Paraffinic Oil in Rotary Impulse Apparatus

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 576-584
Author(s):  
M. A. Promtov ◽  
S. E. Kutukov ◽  
A. N. Koliukh ◽  
F. S. Zverev
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Oil Supply ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Paraffinic Oil

The regularities of changes in energy consumption to reduce the viscosity of highly paraffinic oil during processing in an installation based on a rotary impulse apparatus (RIA) are experimentally investigated. The decrease in oil viscosity during processing in RIA exceeds 40%. An increase in the amount of oil supply to the RIA makes it possible to reduce the specific energy consumption for its processing at the same relative value of the decrease in viscosity. Specific energy consumption decreases with an increase in oil consumption through the RIA according to the dependence close to the logarithmetic one.

scholarly journals Research of the chisel with multi-operation working bodies for tillage

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (2) ◽  
pp. 022095
Author(s):  
G Parkhomenko ◽  
S Kambulov ◽  
E Zubrilina ◽  
O Babenko ◽  
L Vysochkina
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Root System ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Additional Degree ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Working Bodies

Abstract The mechanized technologies applied in Russia in vineyards are characterized by 2.5-3.4 times higher energy costs comparing to foreign countries. It is necessary to improve the methods of mechanized tillage in vineyards in order to reduce energy costs while maintaining quality. The purpose of the study is to develop mechanized universal technical means and working bodies for processing vineyard rows with the lowest energy consumption without damaging the root system of the bushes. The designed multi-stage chisel is capable of performing multi-tiered tillage in accordance with the architectonics of the root system of the bushes. The depth of loosening is 9-45 cm. The original design of the working bodies of the chisel with the additional degree of freedom provides reduction in traction resistance by 12-14% and specific energy consumption by 1.2 and more times. Chisel complies with agrotechnical requirements for the implementation of quality indicators of the technological process. The number of fractions of up to 50 mm is 57.5-76.5%, lumps of over 100 mm is 8-9%. The versatile design of the multi-operational horticultural and vineyard chisel will allow it to be used in the cultivation technologies of not only fruit and berry, but also grain and row crops.

scholarly journals Improvement of mechanization and agricultural technologies in the mountainous and foothill regions of the North Caucasus

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
С ДЖИБИЛОВ ◽  
Sergey Dzhibilov ◽  
Л ГУЛУЕВА ◽  
Lyudmila Guluyeva ◽  
Ирина Солдатова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Experimental Development ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
The North ◽  
Mountain Meadows

Abstract. The authors presented the results of scientific research and experimental development, on the basis of which a prototype was designed and created for applying liquid fertilizers to the grass and the soil surface of mountain meadows and pastures in order to improve them, reduce erosion processes and increase productivity. The aim of the work: to develop and create a combined multifunctional unit for the application of liquid fertilizers on mountain meadows and pastures, providing an increase in the productivity of agricultural landscapes and profitability of agricultural production by 15–20 %. The object of the study are fertilizer application rates and interchangeable working parts: a container for liquid mineral fertilizers, a collector of sprayers, tips. The novelty of the technical solution lies in the fact that a combined multifunctional unit based on a chisel cultivator ССМ-2,4 was created for the first time. The research of the unit was carried out on the basis of the workshop of the mechanization group of the North Caucasus Research Institute of Mining and Piedmont Agriculture (NCRIMPAC) and at the high-altitude experimental site in the village of Dargavs Prigorodny district of North Ossetia-Alania. When creating a prototype of a unit for applying liquid fertilizers, the developments of the authors are used and combined, which are confirmed by the issuance of patents for useful model of the Russian Federation No. 144420 and No. 130781. As a result of the application of the developed prototype of the unit, the erosion processes are reduced, the productivity and profitability of the sloping lands increases, and the botanical composition of the herbs is improved. It was established that the design and functionality of the proposed unit also allow it to be used in the mountain zone in nursery farms and on tilled crops with simultaneous application of liquid fertilizers in the forest zone. The use of a prototype unit will reduce erosion and other types of degradation of the fertile soil in the mountains, solve the problem of surface improvement of hayfields and pastures and, as a result, increase the productivity of forage lands by 15–20 %.

scholarly journals On the Use of Ultrafiltration or Microfiltration Polymeric Spiral-Wound Membranes for Cheesemilk Standardization: Impact on Process Efficiency

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Chamberland ◽  
Dany Mercier-Bouchard ◽  
Iris Dussault-Chouinard ◽  
Scott Benoit ◽  
Alain Doyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Filtration Process ◽  
Protein Retention ◽  
Technological Performance ◽  
Spiral Wound

Ultrafiltration (UF) and microfiltration (MF) are widely-used technologies to standardize the protein content of cheesemilk. Our previous work demonstrated that protein retention of a 0.1-µm MF spiral-wound membrane (SWM) was lower, but close to that of a 10 kDa UF one. Considering that the permeability of MF membranes is expected to be higher than that of UF ones, it was hypothesized that the former could improve the efficiency of the cheesemaking process. Consequently, the objectives of this work were to compare 0.1-µm MF and 10 kDa UF spiral-wound membranes in terms of (1) hydraulic and separation performance, (2) energy consumption and fouling behavior, (3) cheesemaking efficiency of retentates enriched with cream, and (4) economic performance in virtual cheesemaking plants. This study confirmed the benefits of using MF spiral-wound membranes to reduce the specific energy consumption of the filtration process (lower hydraulic resistance and higher membrane permeability) and to enhance the technological performance of the cheesemaking process (higher vat yield, and protein and fat recoveries). However, considering the higher serum protein retention of the UF membrane and the low price of electricity in Canada, the UF scenario remained more profitable. It only becomes more efficient to substitute the 10 kDa UF SWM by the 0.1-μm MF when energy costs are substantially higher.

scholarly journals On the energy intensity of driving and the bearing capacity of models of pyramidal-prismatic piles

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Static Tests ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
And Behavior

The article presents the results of driving and static tests of pile models with different longitudinal shapes, carried out in laboratory conditions. It was revealed that the specific energy consumption of driving a pyramidal-prismatic pile can either exceed or be less than the specific energy consumption of driving a prismatic pile. Unlike pyramidal piles, pyramidal-prismatic piles have less specific energy consumption for driving. Energy costs for driving pyramidal-prismatic piles, as well as their resistance to pressing vertical loads depend on the length of the pyramidal section and rise with its increase. It has been established that, with the same depth of driving and with the same piles, the specific bearing capacity of the pyramidal-prismatic piles is higher than the prismatic piles and less than the pyramidal pile. The revealed features of the behavior of the pyramidalprismatic piles are due to the influence of the longitudinal shape and the length of the pyramidal part of their shaft on the driving process and behavior under the loads.

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