scholarly journals Conditions stimulating neutral detergent fiber degradation by dosing branched-chain volatile fatty acids. II: Relation with solid passage rate and pH on neutral detergent fiber degradation and microbial function in continuous culture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Roman-Garcia ◽  
K.E. Mitchell ◽  
B.L. Denton ◽  
C. Lee ◽  
M.T. Socha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Continuous Culture ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Microbial Function ◽  
Fiber Degradation ◽  
Branched Chain

scholarly journals Profiles of Odd- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids and Their Correlations With Rumen Fermentation Parameters, Microbial Protein Synthesis and Bacterial Populations Based on Pure Carbohydrate Incubation in Vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hangshu Xin ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Xin Jiang ◽  
Chunlong Liu ◽  
Shuzhi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract Background: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the profiles of odd- and branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFA; including C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, C17:0, iso-C17:0 and anteiso-C17:0) during pure carbohydrates incubation in vitro and whether they correlated with ruminal fermentation parameters, microbial crude protein (MCP) synthesis, and bacterial populations. The pure substrates containing five different ratios of fiber and starch (F:S; 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0) were incubated for 6 h, 12 h, 18 h and 24 h. Results: Except iso-C17:0, OBCFA concentrations were interacted by F:S and incubation time. The highest concentration of total OBCFA was found in the fermented mixture after 24 h of incubation when the F:S = 0:100; while the lowest level was 1.65 mg/g DM produced after 6 h of incubation with F:S = 50:50. The concentrations of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) and MCP remarkably decreased linearly as the inclusion of fiber in the substrates increased, as expected. The proportions of investigated cellulolytic bacteria in our study were increased linearly (or linearly and quadratically) while those of R. amylophilus and S. bovis were decreased as fiber inclusion increased. The correlation analysis indicated that iso-C16:0 concentration might have potential as a marker of productions of TVFA and MCP with ρ being 0.78 and 0.82 respectively. Compared to starch degrading bacteria, cellulolytic bacteria had more correlations with OBCFA profiles, and the strongest association was found on the population of R. flavefaciens with C15:0 concentration (ρ = 0.70). Conclusions: Our study shows there might be scope for iso-C16:0 to predict rumen productions of VFA and MCP. Notedly, this is the first paper reporting linkage of OBCFA with rumen function based on pure carbohydrate in vitro incubation, which would avoid confounding interference from dietary protein and fat presence. However, more in-depth experiments are needed to substantiate the current findings.

Fermentation and degradation in the rumen of dairy cows fed on diets consisting of silage from an intensively managed sward and silages from semi-natural grasslands

2004 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. BRUINENBERG ◽  
H. VALK ◽  
P. C. STRUIK ◽  
A. M. VAN VUUREN
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Grassland Management ◽  
Pool Size ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Natural Grasslands ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Ruminal Digestion

To assess the effect of grassland management on the ruminal digestion of silages, four lactating dairy cows, fitted with a rumen cannula, were fed diets consisting of concentrates and different grass silages. The grass silages consisted of intensively managed grass (IM) in variable proportions replaced by silages harvested from a ‘species-poor’ grassland managed to stimulate nesting of birds (SPP) or from a grassland managed to increase plant species diversity (SPR). The roughage part of the diets was composed completely of IM (100IM), or 200 g/kg (in dry matter) of IM replaced by SPP (20SPP) or 600 g/kg of IM replaced by SPP (60SPP), or SPR (60SPR). The pH in the rumen was highest on 60SPR and lowest on 100IM and 20SPP (P<0·05), whereas volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentrations were lowest on 60SPP and 60SPR and highest on 100IM (P<0·05). No differences in the ratio non-glucogenic: glucogenic volatile fatty acids were observed among the diets. The NH3 concentration was highest on 100IM and 20SPP and lowest on 60SPR (P<0·05), reflecting differences in CP intake. The concentration of uric acid in the urine (mg per kg metabolic body weight) was highest on 100IM (P<0·05). Rumen pool size of OM and DM did not differ among treatments, but pool size of NDF and IADF were highest on 60SPR (P<0·05). Passage rate was high on 100IM and 60SPR, but no significant differences with the other treatments were established. Also, no significant differences were observed in rates of degradation. Clearance rate of large particles was highest on 60SPP and differed significantly from 60SPR (P<0·05) only. No differences were observed in clearance rate of small particles. In conclusion, for most rumen fermentation characteristics measured in the study, no noticeably aberrant behaviour of the silages from semi-natural grassland was observed.

scholarly journals The Development of the Gut Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids of Layer Chickens in Different Growth Periods

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baosheng Sun ◽  
Linyue Hou ◽  
Yu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Microbial Function ◽  
Metabolism Pathway ◽  
Fiber Degradation ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

A long-term observation of changes of the gut microbiota and its metabolites would be beneficial to improving the production performance of chickens. Given this, 1-day-old chickens were chosen in this study, with the aim of observing the development of the gut microbiota and gut microbial function using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from 8 to 50 weeks. The results showed that the relative abundances of Firmicutes and genus Alistipes were higher and fiber-degradation bacteria were less at 8 weeks compared with 20 and 50 weeks (P &lt; 0.05). Consistently, gut microbial function was enriched in ATP-binding cassette transporters, the energy metabolism pathway, and amino acid metabolism pathway at 8 weeks. In contrast, the abundance of Bacteroidetes and some SCFA-producing bacteria and fiber-degradation bacteria significantly increased at 20 and 50 weeks compared with 8 weeks (P &lt; 0.05), and the two-component system, glycoside hydrolase and carbohydrate metabolism pathway, was significantly increased with age. The concentration of SCFAs in the cecum at 20 weeks was higher than at 8 weeks (P &lt; 0.01), because the level of fiber and the number of dominant fiber-degradation bacteria and SCFA-producing bacteria were more those at 20 weeks. Notably, although operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and the gut microbial α-diversity including Chao1 and abundance-based coverage estimator (ACE) were higher at 50 than 20 weeks (P &lt; 0.01), the concentration of SCFAs at 50 weeks was lower than at 20 weeks (P &lt; 0.01), suggesting that an overly high level of microbial diversity may not be beneficial to the production of SCFAs.

scholarly journals Ruminal parameters and fatty acid composition of omasal digesta and milk in cows fed sugarcane-based diets supplemented with sunflower oil

2020 ◽  
pp. 2317-2334
Author(s):  
Fernando César Ferraz Lopes ◽  
Shirley Motta de Souza ◽  
Sebastião de Campos Valadares Filho ◽  
Marco Antônio Sundfeld da Gama ◽  
Luciana Navajas Rennó
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Apparent Digestibility

This study evaluates the intake and digestion of nutrients, parameters of rumen fermentation and degradation, omasal digesta and milk fatty acid composition, productive performance, and the concentration of serum metabolites in cows fed 600 g kg-1 sugarcane-based diets containing 0 (control), 15, 30, and 45 g kg-1 sunflower oil (SO) on a dry matter (DM) basis. Four rumen-cannulated Holstein x Gyr cows yielding 15±5 kg day-1 with 110±10 days in milk were allocated in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. Data were analyzed using mixed models, and significant differences were declared at P < 0.05. There was no effect of SO on the intake and apparent digestibility of DM, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and nonfibrous carbohydrates, but there was a linear increase in the intake and digestibility of ether extract. Dietary SO levels did not alter the ruminal degradability parameters for DM and NDF, rumen pH and contents of ammonia N, acetate, propionate and volatile fatty acids. Milk fat content and yield were linearly decreased, whereas a linear increase in milk protein content was observed in response to increasing levels of SO, but with no effect on milk yield. Linear reductions in palmitic and ?-linolenic acid contents, a linear increase in trans-10 C18:1 and elaidic acids, and a quadratic effect on vaccenic and rumenic acids were observed in omasal digesta of cows fed increasing levels of SO. Overall, up to 45 g kg-1 SO can be included on DM of chopped sugarcane-based diets without reducing consumption, apparent digestibility and rumen degradability of DM and fiber. Supplementing chopped sugarcane-based diets with 30 to 45 g kg-1 SO (DM basis) promotes milk fat depression due to the inhibition of mammary lipogenesis by specific rumen-derived fatty acid intermediates of the biohydrogenation of unsaturated C18 fatty acids. The inclusion of 15 to 45 g kg-1 SO in chopped sugarcane-based diets improves the nutritional quality of milk fat, with increases in the levels of oleic, vaccenic and rumenic acids, beneficial to human health, and a reduction in the levels of the hypercholesterolemic lauric, myristic and palmitic acids.

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