scholarly journals Determination of Xanthine Oxidase in Milk with Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride

1956 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 522-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. Zittle ◽  
E.S. Dellamonica ◽  
J.H. Custer ◽  
R.K. Rudd
Keyword(s):  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride

scholarly journals Potential Fertilization Capacity of Two Grapevine Varieties: Effects on Agricultural Production in Designation of Origin Areas in the Northwestern Iberian Peninsula

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 961
Author(s):  
J. Antonio Cortiñas Rodríguez ◽  
María Fernández-González ◽  
Estefanía González-Fernández ◽  
Rosa A. Vázquez-Ruiz ◽  
F. Javier Rodríguez-Rajo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Fertilization Capacity

In the present study, we analyzed the main parameters related with the potential fertilization ability of two grapevine varieties, Godello and Mencía, during the years 2017 and 2018. The research was carried out in two vineyards of the Galician winegrowing Designation of Origin areas of Ribeiro and Ribeira Sacra. Ten vines of each variety were selected for bunch and flower counting, pollen calculations, pollen viability studies by means of aceto-carmine (AC) stain and 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) methods, and the determination of their germination rate. In all vineyards the 50% fruitset was reached, except for Godello in Cenlle during 2017. The mean coulure value was higher for Godello (40.5%) than for Mencía (31%). Analyzing the pollen production per plant and airborne pollen levels, we observed important discordances between them, which can be due to the influence of weather conditions and be related with self-pollination processes. We found important differences on pollen viability depending on the applied method and variety, with higher values for the AC method than the TTC for both varieties in all study plots, and higher values for Mencía variety than Godello. Regarding germination rates, we observed a marked reduction in 2017 with respect to 2018, in all study sites and for both varieties. The analyzed parameters were useful to explain the different productive abilities of Godello and Mencía varieties in the two studied bioclimatic regions of Ribeiro and Ribeira Sacra.

scholarly journals Evaluation of freezing injury in temperate fruit trees

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 787-794
Author(s):  
Duk Jun Yu ◽  
Hee Jae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Freezing Stress ◽  
Freezing Injury ◽  
Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Cultural Strategies ◽  
Analysis Determination

Abstract Freezing is a major environmental stress limiting the geographical distribution, growth, and productivity of temperate fruit trees. The extent of freezing injury in the trees depends on the rate at which the temperature decreases, the minimum temperature reached, and the duration of the freezing conditions. The ability to tolerate freezing temperatures under natural conditions varies greatly among fruit tree species, cultivars, and tissues. Freezing injury must be precisely evaluated to reliably predict the winter survival and productivity of the trees in specific regions, to screen for tolerant species and cultivars, and to develop cultural strategies that reduce freezing stress. Various methods are used to evaluate freezing injury in temperate fruit trees under field and artificial conditions, including visual evaluation of tissue discoloration, thermal analysis, determination of electrolyte leakage, and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride reduction analysis. In this review, we describe the most frequently used experimental procedures for evaluating freezing injury.

scholarly journals The effect of tungstate ingestion on xanthine oxidase in milk and liver

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Owen ◽  
R. Proudfoot
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Sodium Tungstate ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Hydrogen Acceptor ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Conventional Diet

1. The ingestion of doses of up to 6 g sodium tungstate (56 mg W/kg body-weight) by goats was found to diminish the amount of xanthine oxidase secreted in their milk so that, in some samples, the enzyme became undetectable. This effect occurred whether the goats were eating a semi-synthetic or a conventional diet.2. Tungstate ingestion by goats did not affect the concentration of riboflavine in their milk.3. The ingestion of sodium tungstate by young goats for 3–5 months diminished the amount of xanthine oxidase in their livers.4. When given in early lactation to two cows, doses of sodium tungstate (up to 20 g) diminished the titre of xanthine oxidase in their milk with no concomitant effect on the yields.5. Much later in lactation the milk phosphatase of these two cows was poorly correlated with milk xanthine oxidase. Reasons for this are discussed.6. Under anaerobic conditions, with xanthine as substrate and triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride as hydrogen acceptor, neither molybdate nor tungstate affected the xanthine oxidase activity of cow's or goat's milk in vitro. Molybdate in vitro did not enhance the very low titre of human milk.

scholarly journals Biometric characterization and tetrazolium test in Campomanesia phaea O. Berg. Landrum seeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aparecida Leonir da Silva ◽  
Mariane Jeronimo Forte ◽  
Angelo Pedro Jacomino ◽  
Victor Augusto Forti ◽  
Simone Rodrigues da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Seed Length ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Content Determination ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Nutritional Potential ◽  
Tetrazolium Test

ABSTRACT: Campomanesia phaea has commercial interest because its fruits are used in the manufacture of several products, besides its high nutritional potential. Nevertheless, it has low germination potential and there is not much information in the literature. The aim of this study was to perform a biometric characterization and to establish the tetrazolium test for cambuci seeds. Seeds obtained from two collection periods were subjected to biometric evaluations (seed length, thickness, width and mass), water content, determination of the soaking curve and tetrazolium test. The soaking curve was performed with non-scarified seeds and seeds subjected to two scarification methods, mechanical and chemical. The tetrazolium test was performed soaking the seeds in a solution of 2, 3, 5 triphenyl tetrazolium chloride salt at 0.75, 1.00 and 1.50% for 4, 8 and 12 hours. After this period, the seeds were categorized as viable and non-viable. It was concluded that the cambuci seeds presented biometric differences between the two collection periods, because of the different water contents. There was no difference in the soaking curve among the three treatments tested and the solution of 0.75% for four hours in a water bath at 38 oC was considered the best for performing the tetrazolium test.

scholarly journals Accurate quantitative determination of affinity and binding kinetics for tight binding inhibition of xanthine oxidase

2021 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 111664
Author(s):  
Haiyang Yang ◽  
Xueyan Li ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
Huating Huang ◽  
Wenning Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Tight Binding ◽  
Binding Kinetics ◽  
Binding Inhibition

scholarly journals Antioxidant activity, xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, and compounds determination of Cipadessa baccifera leaf extract

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syarifah Ramadhani Lubis ◽  
Subandi Subandi ◽  
Muntholib Muntholib ◽  
Jamilah Abbas ◽  
Tjandrawati Mozef
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract

Fluorometric determination of uric acid in bovine milk

2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torben Larsen ◽  
Kasey M Moyes
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Enzymatic Oxidation ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Milk Samples

The primary objective of this study is to validate a new fast method for determination of uric acid in milk. The method is based on an enzymatic-fluorometric technique that requires minimal pre-treatment of milk samples. The present determination of uric acid is based on the enzymatic oxidation of uric acid to 5-hydroxyisourate via uricase where the liberated hydrogen peroxide reacts with 10-acetyl-3,7-dihydroxyphenoxazine via peroxidase and the fluorescent product, resorufin, is measured fluorometrically. Fresh composite milk samples (n=1,072) were collected from both Jersey (n=38) and Danish Holstein (n=106) cows from one local herd. The average inter- and intra-assay variations were 7·1% and 3·0%, respectively. Percent recovery averaged 103·4, 107·0 and 107·5% for samples spiked with 20, 40 or 60 μmof standard, respectively, with a correlation (r=0·98;P<0·001) observed between the observed and expected uric acid concentrations. A positive correlation (r=0·96;P<0·001) was observed between uric acid concentrations using the present method and a reference assay. Storage at 4°C for 24 h resulted in lower (P<0·01) uric acid concentrations in milk when compared with no storage or samples stored at −18°C for 24 h. Addition of either allopurinol (a xanthine oxidase inhibitor) or dimethylsulfoxide (a solvent for allopurinol) did not affect milk uric acid concentrations (P=0·96) and may indicate that heat treatment before storage and analysis was sufficient to degrade xanthine oxidase activity in milk. No relationship was observed between milk uric acid and milk yield and milk components. Authors recommend a single heat treatment (82°C for 10 min) followed by either an immediate analysis of fresh milk samples or storage at −18°C until further analysis.

A Histochemical Study of Dehydrogenase Activity in the Pectoralis Major Muscle of the Pigeon and certain other Vertebrate Skeletal Muscles

1958 ◽  
Vol s3-99 (48) ◽  
pp. 469-473
Author(s):  
J. C. GEORGE ◽  
K. S. SCARIA
Keyword(s):  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Breast Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Unique System ◽  
Oxidative Processes ◽  
The Individual

Certain dehydrogenases in the breast muscle of the pigeon and fowl and the leg muscle of the fowl and frog were studied histochemically by the use of 2:3:5: triphenyl tetrazolium chloride. The dehydrogenase activity was found to have a relationship with the colour and the mitochondrial content of the individual muscle fibres. In the pigeon breast muscle, however, the broad white fibres did not show the presence of any of the enzymes studied. It is therefore concluded that these fibres in the pigeon breast muscle are a unique system in which none of the oxidative processes concerned takes place; they cannot be considered as analogous to the white fibres of the other muscles studied.

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