Addition of Ruminally Degradable Crude Protein and Branched-Chain Volatile Fatty Acids to Diets Containing Hydrolyzed Feather Meal and Blood Meal for Lactating Cows

Abstract Background: Studying how dietary imbalances affect blood serum metabolite (BSM) and faecal volatile fatty acids (VFA) profiles may help to understand whether pigs are fed adequate diets in commercial farms. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of high and low net energy (NE) and crude protein (CP) diets on performance, BSM and VFA profiles on finishing pigs.Results: Twenty pens of 11 pigs (87.0 ± 4.10 kg; 18 weeks old) were assigned to 1 out of 5 dietary treatments (DT): control (C; 10.03 MJ/kg NE, 160.0 g/kg CP, and 9.5 g/kg SID Lys), low CP (LCP; 10.03 MJ/kg NE, 132.0 g/kg CP, 7.5 g/kg SID Lys), high CP (HCP; 10.03 MJ/kg NE, 188.0 g/kg CP, 11.5 g/kg SID Lys), low NE (LNE; 9.61 MJ/kg NE, 160.0 g/kg CP, 9.5 g/kg SID Lys) and high NE (HNE; 10.45 MJ/kg NE, 160.0 g/kg CP, 9.5 g/kg SID Lys). Pigs were followed for 10 days and blood and faecal samples were collected at the end of the trial. Performance was not affected by DT (P > 0.05). Albumin and glucose did not differ between DT (P > 0.05). HNE pigs had higher triglycerides (0.42 ± 0.03 mmol/L) and creatinine (133.8 ± 3.97 µmol/L) than LNE pigs (0.28 ± 0.03; 117.2 ± 3.97; P < 0.05); however, HNE pigs had lower total protein (60.9 ± 1.51 g/L) than C pigs (67.4 ± 1.51; P = 0.033). LCP pigs had higher cholesterol (2.4 ± 0.08 mmol/L) than LNE pigs (2.0 ± 0.08; P = 0.015); while HCP pigs had higher serum urea nitrogen (13.6 ± 0.95 mg/dL) than the other DT (7.5 ± 0.95; P < 0.001). Total VFA (mmol/kg) did not differ among DT (P > 0.05), but C and HNE pigs had higher branched-chain fatty acids (6.3 ± 0.38% of total VFA) than LNE pigs (4.4 ± 0.38; P < 0.05).Conclusions: Dietary imbalances in energy and protein affect BSM and VFA profile. BSM and VFA analysis may be good indicators to detect unbalanced diets in pig farms, especially serum urea nitrogen, to detect an excess of protein.

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PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF THE ADDITION OF GLUCOGENIC MATERIALS TO THE RATIONS OF LACTATING COWS

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas71-097 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 721-727 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

L. J. FISHER ◽

J. D. ERFLE ◽

F. D. SAUER

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Propylene Glycol ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Preliminary Evaluation ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Beta Hydroxybutyrate

Glutamate, succinate, propylene glycol, or glycerol were added to a basic concentrate at 3.3% of air-dry feed. Each concentrate was fed both ad libitum and in restricted amounts to four cows in early lactation. Dietary intake, milk yield and composition, molar proportions of rumen volatile fatty acids and blood glucose, ketones and plasma free fatty acids were used as criteria of effect of these supplements. Propylene glycol in the diet resulted in a lower intake of concentrate compared with glycerol (11.44 versus 14.30 kg/day) and significantly decreased (P < 0.05) rumen butyrate and plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate. Glutamate supplementation prevented the fall in milk fat content which occurred when the other three supplemented concentrates were fed ad libitum, and this effect may have been related to the constancy in the ratio of acetate to propionate in the rumen fluid.

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Profiles of Odd- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids and Their Correlations With Rumen Fermentation Parameters, Microbial Protein Synthesis and Bacterial Populations Based on Pure Carbohydrate Incubation in Vitro

10.21203/rs.3.rs-68439/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hangshu Xin ◽

Xin Liu ◽

Xin Jiang ◽

Chunlong Liu ◽

Shuzhi Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Populations ◽

Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Degrading Bacteria ◽

Branched Chain ◽

Fermentation Parameters ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract Background: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the profiles of odd- and branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFA; including C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, C17:0, iso-C17:0 and anteiso-C17:0) during pure carbohydrates incubation in vitro and whether they correlated with ruminal fermentation parameters, microbial crude protein (MCP) synthesis, and bacterial populations. The pure substrates containing five different ratios of fiber and starch (F:S; 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0) were incubated for 6 h, 12 h, 18 h and 24 h. Results: Except iso-C17:0, OBCFA concentrations were interacted by F:S and incubation time. The highest concentration of total OBCFA was found in the fermented mixture after 24 h of incubation when the F:S = 0:100; while the lowest level was 1.65 mg/g DM produced after 6 h of incubation with F:S = 50:50. The concentrations of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) and MCP remarkably decreased linearly as the inclusion of fiber in the substrates increased, as expected. The proportions of investigated cellulolytic bacteria in our study were increased linearly (or linearly and quadratically) while those of R. amylophilus and S. bovis were decreased as fiber inclusion increased. The correlation analysis indicated that iso-C16:0 concentration might have potential as a marker of productions of TVFA and MCP with ρ being 0.78 and 0.82 respectively. Compared to starch degrading bacteria, cellulolytic bacteria had more correlations with OBCFA profiles, and the strongest association was found on the population of R. flavefaciens with C15:0 concentration (ρ = 0.70). Conclusions: Our study shows there might be scope for iso-C16:0 to predict rumen productions of VFA and MCP. Notedly, this is the first paper reporting linkage of OBCFA with rumen function based on pure carbohydrate in vitro incubation, which would avoid confounding interference from dietary protein and fat presence. However, more in-depth experiments are needed to substantiate the current findings.

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