scholarly journals Blood Serum Metabolite and Volatile Fatty Acid Profiles of Finishing Pigs Fed Diets with High and Low Levels of Energy and Crude Protein

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Camp Montoro ◽  
David Solà-Oriol ◽  
Ramon Muns ◽  
Josep Gasa ◽  
Núria Llanes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Serum Urea ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Serum Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Branched Chain

Abstract Background: Studying how dietary imbalances affect blood serum metabolite (BSM) and faecal volatile fatty acids (VFA) profiles may help to understand whether pigs are fed adequate diets in commercial farms. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of high and low net energy (NE) and crude protein (CP) diets on performance, BSM and VFA profiles on finishing pigs.Results: Twenty pens of 11 pigs (87.0 ± 4.10 kg; 18 weeks old) were assigned to 1 out of 5 dietary treatments (DT): control (C; 10.03 MJ/kg NE, 160.0 g/kg CP, and 9.5 g/kg SID Lys), low CP (LCP; 10.03 MJ/kg NE, 132.0 g/kg CP, 7.5 g/kg SID Lys), high CP (HCP; 10.03 MJ/kg NE, 188.0 g/kg CP, 11.5 g/kg SID Lys), low NE (LNE; 9.61 MJ/kg NE, 160.0 g/kg CP, 9.5 g/kg SID Lys) and high NE (HNE; 10.45 MJ/kg NE, 160.0 g/kg CP, 9.5 g/kg SID Lys). Pigs were followed for 10 days and blood and faecal samples were collected at the end of the trial. Performance was not affected by DT (P > 0.05). Albumin and glucose did not differ between DT (P > 0.05). HNE pigs had higher triglycerides (0.42 ± 0.03 mmol/L) and creatinine (133.8 ± 3.97 µmol/L) than LNE pigs (0.28 ± 0.03; 117.2 ± 3.97; P < 0.05); however, HNE pigs had lower total protein (60.9 ± 1.51 g/L) than C pigs (67.4 ± 1.51; P = 0.033). LCP pigs had higher cholesterol (2.4 ± 0.08 mmol/L) than LNE pigs (2.0 ± 0.08; P = 0.015); while HCP pigs had higher serum urea nitrogen (13.6 ± 0.95 mg/dL) than the other DT (7.5 ± 0.95; P < 0.001). Total VFA (mmol/kg) did not differ among DT (P > 0.05), but C and HNE pigs had higher branched-chain fatty acids (6.3 ± 0.38% of total VFA) than LNE pigs (4.4 ± 0.38; P < 0.05).Conclusions: Dietary imbalances in energy and protein affect BSM and VFA profile. BSM and VFA analysis may be good indicators to detect unbalanced diets in pig farms, especially serum urea nitrogen, to detect an excess of protein.

Combination of Chlorogenic Acid and Bamboo Charcoal Particles Improve Husbandry Performance and Environment

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 142-145
Author(s):  
Jian Hui Wang ◽  
Dong Min Liu ◽  
Yong Le Liu ◽  
Chi Lin Li ◽  
Fa Xiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Bamboo Charcoal ◽  
Serum Urea ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Serum Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Ad Libitum

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of chlorogenic acid (CA) and bamboo charcoal particles activated by microwave (BCP) on performance, serum urea nitrogen and husbandry environment of broilers. The diets were devoid of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP). Two hundred and forty Avian broilers were allocated to a 2 × 2 factorial experiment involving two levels of CA (0 or 1000 mg CA/kg feed), and two levels of BCP supplementation (0 or 100 mg/kg feed). The diets and water were offered ad libitum. The growth performance and serum urea nitrogen was significantly increased when CA supplemented (P<0.05), while BCP significantly affects the ammonia concentration of the husbandry environment (P<0.05). These results indicate that CA and BCP combination can effectively improve the performance and husbandry environment.

scholarly journals Profiles of Odd- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids and Their Correlations With Rumen Fermentation Parameters, Microbial Protein Synthesis and Bacterial Populations Based on Pure Carbohydrate Incubation in Vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hangshu Xin ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Xin Jiang ◽  
Chunlong Liu ◽  
Shuzhi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract Background: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the profiles of odd- and branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFA; including C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, C17:0, iso-C17:0 and anteiso-C17:0) during pure carbohydrates incubation in vitro and whether they correlated with ruminal fermentation parameters, microbial crude protein (MCP) synthesis, and bacterial populations. The pure substrates containing five different ratios of fiber and starch (F:S; 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0) were incubated for 6 h, 12 h, 18 h and 24 h. Results: Except iso-C17:0, OBCFA concentrations were interacted by F:S and incubation time. The highest concentration of total OBCFA was found in the fermented mixture after 24 h of incubation when the F:S = 0:100; while the lowest level was 1.65 mg/g DM produced after 6 h of incubation with F:S = 50:50. The concentrations of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) and MCP remarkably decreased linearly as the inclusion of fiber in the substrates increased, as expected. The proportions of investigated cellulolytic bacteria in our study were increased linearly (or linearly and quadratically) while those of R. amylophilus and S. bovis were decreased as fiber inclusion increased. The correlation analysis indicated that iso-C16:0 concentration might have potential as a marker of productions of TVFA and MCP with ρ being 0.78 and 0.82 respectively. Compared to starch degrading bacteria, cellulolytic bacteria had more correlations with OBCFA profiles, and the strongest association was found on the population of R. flavefaciens with C15:0 concentration (ρ = 0.70). Conclusions: Our study shows there might be scope for iso-C16:0 to predict rumen productions of VFA and MCP. Notedly, this is the first paper reporting linkage of OBCFA with rumen function based on pure carbohydrate in vitro incubation, which would avoid confounding interference from dietary protein and fat presence. However, more in-depth experiments are needed to substantiate the current findings.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document