Sir Victor Horsley's 19th century operations at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square

2011 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 534-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Uff ◽  
Daniel Frith ◽  
Catriona Harrison ◽  
Michael Powell ◽  
Neil Kitchen
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Brain Surgery ◽  
Patient Records ◽  
National Hospital ◽  
Cerebral Tumor ◽  
The Brain

Although he was not the first man to operate on the brain, Sir Victor Horsley was the world's first surgeon appointed to a hospital post to perform brain surgery, which happened in 1886 at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London. The authors examined the patient records between 1886 and 1899 and found 151 operations performed by Sir Victor Horsley at the National Hospital, including craniotomies, laminectomies, and nerve divisions. The authors present the outcome data and case illustrations of cerebral tumor resections and laminectomies from the nineteenth century. Outcomes and notable pioneering achievements are highlighted.

scholarly journals Unconventional Views of Racial Brains in the 19th Century

Nuncius ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 602-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Pogliano
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Over Time

Abstract In this article two protagonists of nineteenth-century anthropological culture, Samuel George Morton and Paul Broca, are presented as the embodiment of mainstream stances on the relationship between brain and race. More or less close to their successful raciological tenets, a host of other names might be recalled. However, the main purpose here is to point out some ‘deviant’ opinions that challenged the scientific common sense of an epoch, starting with the nigrophilie expressed by the abbé Grégoire early in the century, to then discuss the cautious ‘egalitarianism’ professed by James Cowles Prichard and William Hamilton or the more explicit view sustained, over time, by Friedrich Tiedemann and Luigi Calori. Their focus was the influence of the brain – its shape, volume, and weight – on intellectual and moral manifestations: a tormented issue that for decades was addressed in different ways and with outcomes that always proved inconclusive.

A drive down memory lane

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Elisabeth A. Murray ◽  
Steven P. Wise ◽  
Mary K. L. Baldwin ◽  
Kim S. Graham
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
The Other ◽  
Brain Surgery ◽  
Memory Research ◽  
New Era ◽  
History Of ◽  
Background Material ◽  
The Brain

In this chapter, a man with amnesia sparks a new era in memory research; monkeys play a matching game; and a 19th-century politician explains how he seemed so clever. But mainly we consider the nature of memory and amnesia. The ‘man with amnesia’ was named Henry Molaison, better known as H. M., and he suffered from debilitating epilepsy. Brain surgery alleviated his seizures, but it had a shocking side effect: amnesia. His memory loss led scientists down two roads: one exploring the memories he lost; the other identifying the brain areas needed for normal memory. In this book, we consider memory from a different angle, examining how it evolved. We begin with a recent history of memory science and some background material on two important concepts: representation and homology.

THE IDEA OF «COMMUNITY» IN THE GOVERNMENT CONCEPTS OF GALICIA OF THE XIX – BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY

2019 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Liubomyr Ilyn
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
Legal Principle ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
The 19Th Century

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze and systematize the views of social and political thinkers of Galicia in the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries. on the right and manner of organizing a nation-state as a cathedral. Method. The methodology includes a set of general scientific, special legal, special historical and philosophical methods of scientific knowledge, as well as the principles of objectivity, historicism, systematic and comprehensive. The problem-chronological approach made it possible to identify the main stages of the evolution of the content of the idea of catholicity in Galicia's legal thought of the 19th century. Results. It is established that the idea of catholicity, which was borrowed from church terminology, during the nineteenth century. acquired clear legal and philosophical features that turned it into an effective principle of achieving state unity and integrity. For the Ukrainian statesmen of the 19th century. the idea of catholicity became fundamental in view of the separation of Ukrainians between the Russian and Austro-Hungarian empires. The idea of unity of Ukrainians of Galicia and the Dnieper region, formulated for the first time by the members of the Russian Trinity, underwent a long evolution and received theoretical reflection in the work of Bachynsky's «Ukraine irredenta». It is established that catholicity should be understood as a legal principle, according to which decisions are made in dialogue, by consensus, and thus able to satisfy the absolute majority of citizens of the state. For Galician Ukrainians, the principle of unity in the nineteenth century. implemented through the prism of «state» and «international» approaches. Scientific novelty. The main stages of formation and development of the idea of catholicity in the views of social and political figures of Halychyna of the XIX – beginning of the XX centuries are highlighted in the work. and highlighting the distinctive features of «national statehood» that they promoted and understood as possible in the process of unification of Ukrainian lands into one state. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in further historical and legal studies, preparation of special courses.

Remembering the Past in Nineteenth-Century Scotland

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
The Past ◽  
Prevailing View ◽  
The Way

At a time when the Union between Scotland and England is once again under the spotlight, Remembering the Past in Nineteenth-Century Scotland examines the way in which Scotland’s national heroes were once remembered as champions of both Scottish and British patriotism. Whereas 19th-century Scotland is popularly depicted as a mire of sentimental Jacobitism and kow-towing unionism, this book shows how Scotland’s national heroes were once the embodiment of a consistent, expressive and robust view of Scottish nationality. Whether celebrating the legacy of William Wallace and Robert Bruce, the reformer John Knox, the Covenanters, 19th-century Scots rooted their national heroes in a Presbyterian and unionist view of Scotland’s past. Examined through the prism of commemoration, this book uncovers collective memories of Scotland’s past entirely opposed to 21st-century assumptions of medieval proto-nationalism and Calvinist misery. Detailed studies of 19th-century commemoration of Scotland’s national heroes Uncovers an all but forgotten interpretation of these ‘great Scots’ Shines a new light on the mindset of nineteenth-century Scottish national identity as being comfortably Scottish and British Overturns the prevailing view of Victorian Scottishness as parochial, sentimental tartanry

Meïr Goldschmidt and the main currents in 19th-century Judaism

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Ober
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Public Image ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Jewish Heritage ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Phenomenal Knowledge

Although the noted nineteenth-century Danish-Jewish writer Meïr Goldschmidt (1819–1887) made his entry into literature with a novel on Jewish themes, his later novels treated non-Jewish subjects, and his Jewish heritage appeared progressively to recede into the background of his public image. Literary historians have paid little attention to his complex perception of his own Jewishness and have made no effort to discover the immense significance he himself felt that Judaism had for his life and for his literary works. Moreover, no previous study has comprehensively treated Goldschmidt’s far-reaching network of interrelationships with an astonishing number of other major Jewish cultural figures of nineteenth-century Europe. During his restless travels crisscrossing Europe, which were facilitated by his phenomenal knowledge of the major European languages, he habitually sought out and associated with the leading Jewish figures in literature, the arts, journalism, and religion, but this fact and the resulting mutually influential connections he formed have been overlooked and ignored. This is the first focused and documented study of the Jewish aspect of Goldschmidt’s life, so vitally important to Goldschmidt himself and so indispensable to a complete understanding of his place in Danish and in world literatures.

GROUP 6 year outcome data in relation to antipsychotic medication

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S50-S50
Author(s):  
W. Cahn ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Mood Stabilizer ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort Study ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Over Time

ObjectiveGenetic risk and outcome of psychoses (GROUP) is a 6 year longitudinal cohort study that focus on gene–environment vulnerability and resilience in patients with psychotic disorders, their unaffected family members and non-related controls. Its main aim is to elucidate etiological and pathogenetic factors that influence the onset and course of psychotic disorders. In this substudy, we will examine medication use over time, its relation with (the change in) metabolic syndrome status and effects on the brain.MethodsA consortium of four university psychiatric centers and their affiliated mental health care institutions, conducted the GROUP study. At baseline, 1120 patients, 1057 siblings, 919 parents and 590 healthy controls were included. After inclusion, participants, except parents, were evaluated again after three and six years of follow-up. Extensive assessment of genetic factors, environmental factors, medication use, metabolic parameters and outcome were performed. Moreover, brain imaging was performed in a subset of participants, using a 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner.ResultsAt baseline 65% of patients used atypical antipsychotics, 16% used conventional antipsychotics and 19% used clozapine. Siblings and controls used no antipsychotics. Forty-three percent of patients, 21.3% of siblings and 9.1% of controls used antidepressants; 43.9% of patients, 2.1% of siblings and none of the controls used a mood stabilizer. We are currently analyzing the medication data over time in relation to (change in) metabolic syndrome status and the effects on the brain.ConclusionGROUP is a longitudinal cohort study in patients with psychotic disorders, their healthy siblings and controls without psychosis. This naturalistic substudy examines medication use, its association with (change of) metabolic status and effects on the brain in subjects with (high risk of) psychosis.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Ten voordeele van …

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-258
Author(s):  
Marita Mathijsen
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Flood Disasters ◽  
Dutch History

Abstract In favor of … Charity publications in the nineteenth century In Dutch history, charity publications were almost entirely a 19th century phenomenon. In this article I provide an overview of this phenomenon. The first publication that I have been able to trace is from 1784, the most recent one from 1930. However there are some predecessors of charity publications. The few studies that have been published about charity literature emphasize their national message. Occasions for charity publications were many and varied. Even so, flood disasters prevail. The most varied genres could be employed for the purpose: theater plays, poetry, sermons, essays, etc. However, poems are in the majority, and it is they in the first place that become the object of criticism. From mid-century onward critical comments become ever fiercer, in particular concerning their quantity and their countless platitudes. What makes the phenomenon typically nineteenth century is the shared mentality behind it. To help out in the case of disasters or poverty was not yet a public matter but rested with privately undertaken initiatives.

scholarly journals Women and Orientalism: 19th century Representations of the Harem by European female travellers and Ottoman women

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Thisaranie Herath
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
The West ◽  
Cultural Exchanges ◽  
Private Spaces ◽  
The Way

The inaccessibility of the Ottoman harems to European males helped perpetuate the image of the harem as purely sexual in nature and contributed to imperialistic discourse that positioned the East as inferior to the West. It was only with the emergence of female travellers and artists that Europe was afforded a brief glimpse into the source of their fantasies; however, whether these accounts catered to or challenged the normative imperialist discourse of the day remains controversial. Emerging scholarship also highlights the way in which harem women themselves were able to control the depiction of their private spaces to suit their own needs, serving to highlight how nineteenth century depictions of the harem were a series of cross-cultural exchanges and negotiations between male Orientalists, female European travellers, and shrewd Ottoman women. 

scholarly journals Meynert and the basal nucleus

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliasz Engelhardt
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Basal Ganglion ◽  
Basal Nucleus ◽  
Cell Composition ◽  
Substantia Innominata ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Considerable Body ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT Meynert described the "loop of the peduncular foot" (Schlinge des Hirnschenkelfusses), and its ganglion (Ganglion der Hirnschenkelschlinge) and related them to Reil's Substantia innominata and Gratiolet's Ansa peduncularis, from which he apparently built up his findings. Koelliker renamed the ganglion with the eponymous designation Meynert'sches Basalganglion (Meynert's basal ganglion), a name which endures to the present day, and described its topographical spread in relation to neighboring structures. Meynert and Koelliker also described aspects of cell composition of the ganglion (or nucleus) with a better account of the latter. Both, together with Reil and Gratiolet, were the outstanding personalities of the 19th century who performed the pioneering studies on basal formations of the forebrain. After these works, a considerable body of research appeared in the 20th century, with a focus on Meynert's basal nucleus and related structures. The development of further knowledge about these structures revealed their great importance in the activity of the brain, as evidenced in both normal and pathological states.

scholarly journals Acute Care SINS: Surgical Insights for the Non-surgeon - Chapter 12: Brain Surgery SINS

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron S. Robichaud MD ◽  
David B. Clarke MDCM PhD ◽  
Cian O’Kelly MD ◽  
Martin Beed DM ◽  
Peter G. Brindley MD
Keyword(s):  
Acute Care ◽  
Brain Surgery ◽  
Applied Anatomy ◽  
The Brain

“Surgical Insights for the Non-surgeon,” or SINS, is composed of several short chapters intended to cover fundamental surgical knowledge for non-surgeons. The authors focus on surgical pearls, operative insights, and applied anatomy. In Chapter 12 of this series, the authors address the brain and neurosurgery Part One.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document