Cellular signaling in neural stem cells: implications for restorative neurosurgery

Over the course of the past few decades, it has become apparent that in contrast to previously held beliefs, the adult central nervous system (CNS) may have the capability of regeneration and repair. This greatly expands the possibilities for the future treatment of CNS disorders, with the potential strategies of treatment targeting the entire scope of neurological diseases. Indeed, there is now ample evidence that stem cells exist in the CNS throughout life, and the progeny of these stem cells may have the ability to assume the functional role of neural cells that have been lost. The existence of stem cells is no longer in dispute. In addition, once transplanted, stem cells have been shown to survive, migrate, and differentiate. Nevertheless, the clinical utility of stem cell therapy for neurorestoration remains elusive. Without question, the control of the behavior of stem cells for therapeutic advantage poses considerable challenges. In this paper, the authors discuss the cellular signaling processes that influence the behavior of stem cells. These signaling processes take place in the microenvironment of the stem cell known as the niche. Also considered are the implications attending the replication and manipulation of elements of the stem cell niche to restore function in the CNS by using stem cell therapy.

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Testing Stem Cell Therapy in a Rat Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Role of Bone Marrow Stem Cells and Stem Cell Factor in Mucosal Regeneration

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0107891 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. e107891 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Bo Qu ◽

Guo-Rong Xin ◽

Li-Xia Zhao ◽

Hui Xing ◽

Li-Ying Lian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Stem Cell Therapy ◽

Stem Cell Factor ◽

Mucosal Regeneration ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

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Prospects of Therapeutic Target and Directions for Ischemic Stroke

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph14040321 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 321

Author(s):

Jung Hak Kim ◽

So Young Kim ◽

Bokyung Kim ◽

Sang Rae Lee ◽

Sang Hoon Cha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Stem Cell Therapy ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Neurological Diseases ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Neurological Deficits ◽

Cell Based Therapy

Stroke is a serious, adverse neurological event and the third leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Most strokes are caused by a block in cerebral blood flow, resulting in neurological deficits through the death of brain tissue. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is currently the only immediate treatment medication for stroke. The goal of rt-PA administration is to reduce the thrombus and/or embolism via thrombolysis; however, the administration of rt-PA must occur within a very short therapeutic timeframe (3 h to 6 h) after symptom onset. Components of the pathological mechanisms involved in ischemic stroke can be used as potential biomarkers in current treatment. However, none are currently under investigation in clinical trials; thus, further studies investigating biomarkers are needed. After ischemic stroke, microglial cells can be activated and release inflammatory cytokines. These cytokines lead to severe neurotoxicity via the overactivation of microglia in prolonged and lasting insults such as stroke. Thus, the balanced regulation of microglial activation may be necessary for therapy. Stem cell therapy is a promising clinical treatment strategy for ischemic stroke. Stem cells can increase the functional recovery of damaged tissue after post-ischemic stroke through various mechanisms including the secretion of neurotrophic factors, immunomodulation, the stimulation of endogenous neurogenesis, and neovascularization. To investigate the use of stem cell therapy for neurological diseases in preclinical studies, however, it is important to develop imaging technologies that are able to evaluate disease progression and to “chase” (i.e., track or monitor) transplanted stem cells in recipients. Imaging technology development is rapidly advancing, and more sensitive techniques, such as the invasive and non-invasive multimodal techniques, are under development. Here, we summarize the potential risk factors and biomarker treatment strategies, stem cell-based therapy and emerging multimodal imaging techniques in the context of stroke. This current review provides a conceptual framework for considering the therapeutic targets and directions for the treatment of brain dysfunctions, with a particular focus on ischemic stroke.

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TERAPI SEL PUNCA NEURAL PADA PENYANDANG STROKE

JURNAL BIOMEDIK (JBM) ◽

10.35790/jbm.5.1.2013.2600 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Venki F. Tangkuman ◽

Denny J. Ngantung ◽

Arthur Mawuntu

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Stem Cell Therapy ◽

Adult Stem Cells ◽

Alternative Therapy ◽

Neural Cells ◽

Age Group ◽

Mature Brain ◽

Fifth Order

Abstract: Stroke is the second order of deaths for the age group above 60 years and the fifth order for the age group 15-59 years. Although there are many kinds of therapies applied to stroke, none are satisfactory cures. An alternative therapy which is very promising, the neural stem cell therapy, is expected to be able to ameliorate stroke patients better, and therefore, can decrease the morbidity and mortality of stroke cases. There are several kinds of stem cells used in research, inter alia embryonal and adult stem cells. The purpose of this stem cell therapy in neurological disorders is to replace the damaged neural cells or to improve their biological function for enhancing brain function. New neuron cells can be produced from stem cell transplantation. Moreover, the mature brain has the ability, although very limited, to produce new neuron cells as a response to brain damage due to stroke. Keywords: neural stem cells, stroke, transplantation. Abstrak: Stroke merupakan penyebab kematian urutan kedua pada kelompok usia di atas 60 tahun dan urutan kelima pada kelompok usia 15-59 tahun. Sampai sekarang ini stroke belum dapat disembuhkan dengan baik walaupun telah banyak jenis pengobatan yang digunakan. Salah satu pengobatan alternatif yang mungkin kelak akan mampu memulihkan pasien stroke secara memuaskan serta menurunkan angka morbiditas dan mortalitas kasus stroke di seluruh dunia khususnya Indonesia yaitu terapi sel punca neuronal. Transplantasi sel punca pada gangguan neurologik termasuk stroke yaitu untuk menggantikan atau memperbaiki fungsi biologik dari sel neuron yang rusak agar dapat mempertahankan atau memulihkan fungsi otak. Sel neuron baru dapat dihasilkan dari transplantasi sel punca. Selain itu, otak dewasa akan terpicu untuk membuat sel neuron baru sebagai respon terhadap kerusakan sehingga akan meningkatkan kualitas penyembuhan pasien stroke. Kata kunci: sel punca neuronal, stroke, transplantasi.

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Nanotechnology in cardiac stem cell therapy: cell modulation, imaging and gene delivery

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/d1ra06404e ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (55) ◽

pp. 34572-34588

Author(s):

Elangovan Sarathkumar ◽

Marina Victor ◽

Jaivardhan A. Menon ◽

Kunnumpurathu Jibin ◽

Suresh Padmini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Gene Delivery ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Stem Cell Therapy ◽

Cardiac Stem Cell

This review summarizes the potential challenges present in cardiac stem cell therapy and the major role of nanotechnology to overcome these challenges including cell modulation, tracking and imaging of stem cells.

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Unprecedented Syndrome of Nervous System, Bipolar: Clinical Advancement in Cure using iPSCs Cells

Journal of Regenerative Biology and Medicine ◽

10.37191/mapsci-2582-385x-2(5)-045 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Prithiv Kumar K R

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Stem Cell Therapy ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Neural Progenitor Cell ◽

Severe Illness ◽

Neural Cells ◽

Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽

The Brain

Severe illness such as bipolar is most common in developing countries and most populations are affected. Stem cell therapy has been a solution to this cognitive or social defect. This chapter is all about balancing and targeting modulation in the brain but also regenerating cells. With pathological damage in mental illness, there is novel interference such as modulation of a particular cell population. In the particular case of damage, oligodendrites played a crucial role. In this chapter, oligodendrites reveal calcium signals in neural cells. The stimulating mechanism of oligodendrites helps in the proliferation, maturation and myelination response of transplanted cells. The calcium signaling response regulates the neural progenitor cell proliferation, migration, differentiation synaptic plasticity which involves neuropsychiatric diseases in humans. Protein annotation and protein-protein interaction have been highlighted in this chapter. There are 119 calcium-activated proteins in the neuropsychiatry of the human brain. The calcium channel stimulating of stem cells zeros on the advantage of calcium stimulated stem cells and transplants the signal, to channel the drugs in a devised delivery system. This local delivery guidance of the brain delivery method is visualized using brain imaging techniques, providing a unique approach to treatment in psychiatry patients. It was found in our experiments that preconditioning stem cell therapy had high potential during transplantation and advised cared stimulations in procaine shell, synaptic modulation and myelin repair.

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Stem Cell-Based Therapies in Hearing Loss

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology ◽

10.3389/fcell.2021.730042 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Zuhong He ◽

Yanyan Ding ◽

Yurong Mu ◽

Xiaoxiang Xu ◽

Weijia Kong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Inner Ear ◽

Stem Cell Therapy ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Signal Pathways ◽

Multiple Organs ◽

New Treatment

In recent years, neural stem cell transplantation has received widespread attention as a new treatment method for supplementing specific cells damaged by disease, such as neurodegenerative diseases. A number of studies have proved that the transplantation of neural stem cells in multiple organs has an important therapeutic effect on activation and regeneration of cells, and restore damaged neurons. This article describes the methods for inducing the differentiation of endogenous and exogenous stem cells, the implantation operation and regulation of exogenous stem cells after implanted into the inner ear, and it elaborates the relevant signal pathways of stem cells in the inner ear, as well as the clinical application of various new materials. At present, stem cell therapy still has limitations, but the role of this technology in the treatment of hearing diseases has been widely recognized. With the development of related research, stem cell therapy will play a greater role in the treatment of diseases related to the inner ear.

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