scholarly journals Stem Cell-Based Therapies in Hearing Loss

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuhong He ◽  
Yanyan Ding ◽  
Yurong Mu ◽  
Xiaoxiang Xu ◽  
Weijia Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
New Treatment

In recent years, neural stem cell transplantation has received widespread attention as a new treatment method for supplementing specific cells damaged by disease, such as neurodegenerative diseases. A number of studies have proved that the transplantation of neural stem cells in multiple organs has an important therapeutic effect on activation and regeneration of cells, and restore damaged neurons. This article describes the methods for inducing the differentiation of endogenous and exogenous stem cells, the implantation operation and regulation of exogenous stem cells after implanted into the inner ear, and it elaborates the relevant signal pathways of stem cells in the inner ear, as well as the clinical application of various new materials. At present, stem cell therapy still has limitations, but the role of this technology in the treatment of hearing diseases has been widely recognized. With the development of related research, stem cell therapy will play a greater role in the treatment of diseases related to the inner ear.

scholarly journals Multipronged Attack of Stem Cell Therapy in Treating the Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Epilepsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Sadanandan ◽  
Madeline Saft ◽  
Bella Gonzales-Portillo ◽  
Cesar V. Borlongan
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Neuronal Firing ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Antiepileptic Medications

Epilepsy stands as a life-threatening disease that is characterized by unprovoked seizures. However, an important characteristic of epilepsy that needs to be examined is the neuropsychiatric aspect. Epileptic patients endure aggression, depression, and other psychiatric illnesses. Therapies for epilepsy can be divided into two categories: antiepileptic medications and surgical resection. Antiepileptic drugs are used to attenuate heightened neuronal firing and to lessen seizure frequency. Alternatively, surgery can also be conducted to physically cut out the area of the brain that is assumed to be the root cause for the anomalous firing that triggers seizures. While both treatments serve as viable approaches that aim to regulate seizures and ameliorate the neurological detriments spurred by epilepsy, they do not serve to directly counteract epilepsy’s neuropsychiatric traits. To address this concern, a potential new treatment involves the use of stem cells. Stem cell therapy has been employed in experimental models of neurological maladies, such as Parkinson’s disease, and neuropsychiatric illnesses like depression. Cell-based treatments for epilepsy utilizing stem cells such as neural stem cells (NSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and interneuron grafts have been explored in preclinical and clinical settings, highlighting both the acute and chronic stages of epilepsy. However, it is difficult to create an animal model to capitalize on all the components of epilepsy due to the challenges in delineating the neuropsychiatric aspect. Therefore, further preclinical investigation into the safety and efficacy of stem cell therapy in addressing both the neurological and the neuropsychiatric components of epilepsy is warranted in order to optimize cell dosage, delivery, and timing of cell transplantation.

Advancements in Stem Cell Technology and Organoids for the Restoration of Sensorineural Hearing Loss

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna E. Bergman ◽  
Camron Davies ◽  
Alexa J. Denton ◽  
Peter E. Ashman ◽  
Rahul Mittal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Regenerative Therapy ◽  
Promising Technique

Abstract Background Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a significant cause of morbidity worldwide and currently has no curative treatment. Technological advancements in stem cell therapy have led to numerous studies that examine the generation of otic sensory cells from progenitors to restore inner ear function. Recently, organoids have emerged as a promising technique to further advance the process of creating functional replacement cells after irreversible hearing loss. Organoids are the three-dimensional generation of stem cells in culture to model the tissue organization and cellular components of the inner ear. Organoids have emerged as a promising technique to create functioning cochlear structures in vitro and may provide crucial information for the utilization of stem cells to restore SNHL. Purpose The purpose of this review is to discuss the recent advancements in stem cell-based regenerative therapy for SNHL. Results Recent studies have improved our understanding about the developmental pathways involved in the generation of hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons. However, significant challenges remain in elucidating the molecular interactions and interplay required for stem cells to differentiate and function as otic sensory cells. A few of the challenges encountered with traditional stem cell therapy may be addressed with organoids. Conclusion Stem cell-based regenerative therapy holds a great potential for developing novel treatment modalities for SNHL. Further advancements are needed in addressing the challenges associated with stem cell-based regenerative therapy and promote their translation from bench to bedside.

scholarly journals Nanotechnology in cardiac stem cell therapy: cell modulation, imaging and gene delivery

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (55) ◽  
pp. 34572-34588
Author(s):  
Elangovan Sarathkumar ◽  
Marina Victor ◽  
Jaivardhan A. Menon ◽  
Kunnumpurathu Jibin ◽  
Suresh Padmini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Gene Delivery ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Cardiac Stem Cell

This review summarizes the potential challenges present in cardiac stem cell therapy and the major role of nanotechnology to overcome these challenges including cell modulation, tracking and imaging of stem cells.

Cellular signaling in neural stem cells: implications for restorative neurosurgery

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvette D. Marquez ◽  
Michael Y. Wang ◽  
Charles Y. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Cellular Signaling ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Cell Niche

Over the course of the past few decades, it has become apparent that in contrast to previously held beliefs, the adult central nervous system (CNS) may have the capability of regeneration and repair. This greatly expands the possibilities for the future treatment of CNS disorders, with the potential strategies of treatment targeting the entire scope of neurological diseases. Indeed, there is now ample evidence that stem cells exist in the CNS throughout life, and the progeny of these stem cells may have the ability to assume the functional role of neural cells that have been lost. The existence of stem cells is no longer in dispute. In addition, once transplanted, stem cells have been shown to survive, migrate, and differentiate. Nevertheless, the clinical utility of stem cell therapy for neurorestoration remains elusive. Without question, the control of the behavior of stem cells for therapeutic advantage poses considerable challenges. In this paper, the authors discuss the cellular signaling processes that influence the behavior of stem cells. These signaling processes take place in the microenvironment of the stem cell known as the niche. Also considered are the implications attending the replication and manipulation of elements of the stem cell niche to restore function in the CNS by using stem cell therapy.

Mesenchymal stem cells: Stem cell therapy perspectives for type 1 diabetes

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Vija ◽  
D. Farge ◽  
J.-F. Gautier ◽  
P. Vexiau ◽  
C. Dumitrache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy

The promises of stem cells: stem cell therapy for movement disorders

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. S128-S131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Mochizuki ◽  
Chi-Jing Choong ◽  
Toru Yasuda
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Movement Disorders

scholarly journals Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Myocardial Function Following Intracoronary and Intramyocardial Stem Cell Injection

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-116
Author(s):  
András Mester ◽  
Balázs Oltean-Péter ◽  
Ioana Rodean ◽  
Diana Opincariu ◽  
Alexandra Stănescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cell Based Therapy

AbstractStem cell-based therapy is a new therapeutic option that can be used in patients with cardiac diseases caused by myocardial injury. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a new noninvasive imaging method with an increasingly widespread indication. The aim of this review was to evaluate the role of cardiac MRI in patients with myocardial infarction undergoing stem cell therapy. We studied the role of MRI in the assessment of myocardial viability, stem cell tracking, assessment of cell survival rate, and monitoring of the long-term effects of stem cell therapy. Based on the current knowledge in this field, this noninvasive, in vivo cardiac imaging technique has a large indication in this group of patients and plays an important role in all stages of stem cell therapy, from the indication to the long-term follow-up of patients.

scholarly journals Optimizing Stem Cell Therapy after Ischemic Brain Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Zhang ◽  
Brittany Bolduc Lachance ◽  
Bilal Moiz ◽  
Xiaofeng Jia
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Ischemic Brain Injury ◽  
Ischemic Brain ◽  
Injury Treatment

Stem cells have been used for regenerative and therapeutic purposes in a variety of diseases. In ischemic brain injury, preclinical studies have been promising, but have failed to translate results to clinical trials. We aimed to explore the application of stem cells after ischemic brain injury by focusing on topics such as delivery routes, regeneration efficacy, adverse effects, and in vivo potential optimization. PUBMED and Web of Science were searched for the latest studies examining stem cell therapy applications in ischemic brain injury, particularly after stroke or cardiac arrest, with a focus on studies addressing delivery optimization, stem cell type comparison, or translational aspects. Other studies providing further understanding or potential contributions to ischemic brain injury treatment were also included. Multiple stem cell types have been investigated in ischemic brain injury treatment, with a strong literature base in the treatment of stroke. Studies have suggested that stem cell administration after ischemic brain injury exerts paracrine effects via growth factor release, blood-brain barrier integrity protection, and allows for exosome release for ischemic injury mitigation. To date, limited studies have investigated these therapeutic mechanisms in the setting of cardiac arrest or therapeutic hypothermia. Several delivery modalities are available, each with limitations regarding invasiveness and safety outcomes. Intranasal delivery presents a potentially improved mechanism, and hypoxic conditioning offers a potential stem cell therapy optimization strategy for ischemic brain injury. The use of stem cells to treat ischemic brain injury in clinical trials is in its early phase; however, increasing preclinical evidence suggests that stem cells can contribute to the down-regulation of inflammatory phenotypes and regeneration following injury. The safety and the tolerability profile of stem cells have been confirmed, and their potent therapeutic effects make them powerful therapeutic agents for ischemic brain injury patients.

scholarly journals Stem cells in the treatment of patients with coronary heart disease. Part I

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Zhukova ◽  
I. I. Staroverov
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Cellular Cardiomyoplasty ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Death Causes

Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading death causes in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). The modern methods of reperfusion MI therapy, such as thrombolysis, surgery and balloon revascularization, even when performed early, could fail to prevent the development of large myocardial damage zones, followed by HF. Therefore, the researches have been searching for the methods which improve functional status of damaged myocardium. This review is focused on stem cell therapy, a method aimed at cardiac function restoration. The results of experimental and clinical studies on stem cell therapy in coronary heart disease are presented. Various types of stem cells, used for cellular cardiomyoplasty, are characterised. The methods of cell transplantation into myocardium and potential adverse effects of stem cell therapy are discussed.

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