Role of prostaglandin F2a in the genesis of experimental cerebral vasospasm

1972 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menno Pennink ◽  
Richard P. White ◽  
John R. Crockarell ◽  
James T. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Vasospasm ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Angiographic Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Prostaglandin F2a ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Chi Square Test

✓ An angiographic study of experimental cerebral vasospasm was performed in 40 dogs. Vasospasm was caused by injection of 4 ml of blood or 4 ml of blood mixed with prostaglandin F2a into the chiasmatic cistern. A statistically significant difference (chi-square test, p < 0.01) was found between the incidence of cerebral vasospasm obtained with injection of blood alone (6 out of 18 cases, 33%) and the cerebral vasospasm induced with blood and prostaglandin F2a (12 of 13 cases, 92%). In addition, cerebral vasospasm was obtained with injection of prostaglandin F2a alone, whereas prostaglandin E1 had no such effect. These findings, together with reports in the literature that the brains is rich in prostaglandin F2a which it releases into the CSF, suggest a role of prostaglandin F2a in the genesis of cerebral vasospasm seen clinically.

Prevalence of cerebral aneurysms in patients with fibromuscular dysplasia: a reassessment

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry J. Cloft ◽  
David F. Kallmes ◽  
Michelle H. Kallmes ◽  
Jonas H. Goldstein ◽  
Mary E. Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Fibromuscular Dysplasia ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Cerebral Aneurysms ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cerebral saccular aneurysms in patients with carotid artery and/or vertebral artery (VA) fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD). Methods. A metaanalysis was performed using data from 17 previously reported series of patients with internal carotid artery (ICA) and/or VA FMD that included information on the prevalence of cerebral aneurysms. In addition, the authors retrospectively evaluated their own series of 117 patients with ICA and/or VA FMD to determine the prevalence of cerebral aneurysms. The metaanalysis of the 17 earlier series, which included 498 patients, showed a 7.6 ± 2.5% prevalence of incidental, asymptomatic aneurysms in patients with ICA and/or VA FMD. In the authors' series of patients with FMD, 6.3 ± 4.9% of patients harbored an incidental, asymptomatic aneurysm. When the authors' series was combined with those included in the metaanalysis, the prevalence was found to be 7.3 ± 2.2%. The prevalence of aneurysms in the general population would have to be greater than 5.6% for there to be no statistically significant difference (chi-square test, p < 0.05) when compared with this 7.3% prevalence in patients with FMD. Conclusions. The prevalence of intracranial aneurysms in patients with cervical ICA and/or VA FMD is approximately 7%, which is not nearly as high as the 21 to 51% prevalence that has been previously reported.

scholarly journals Bronchial brushing Xpert improves the diagnostic efficiency of sputum Xpert in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 204993612110201
Author(s):  
Yu He ◽  
Yan-Hua Wu ◽  
Chao Han ◽  
Huai-Zheng Gong ◽  
Mao-Shui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mycobacterial Culture ◽  
Alternative Diagnosis ◽  
Bronchial Brushing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: The role of bronchial brushing Xpert MTB/RIF (hereafter referred to as Xpert) in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) remains unclear. Therefore, a retrospective study was conducted aiming to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of bronchial brushing Xpert in patients with PTB. Methods: Between July 2018 and August 2019, suspected PTB patients who were admitted to our hospital and had bronchial brushing and matched sputum collection for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear, mycobacterial culture, and Xpert were included for further analysis. Subsequently, PTB was defined based on mycobacterial culture, and if an alternative diagnosis was established, ‘non-tuberculosis (TB)’ was considered. Comparison of bronchial brushing and matched sputum examination was performed between groups. Then, the differences in the sensitivities between bronchial brushing and sputum Xpert were examined using the chi-square test. Results: A total of 111 patients were included and divided into TB and non-TB groups (52 versus 59 patients). The sensitivities of Xpert against culture were calculated as follows: sputum, 44.2% (23/52); bronchial brushing, 59.6% (31/52); sputum and bronchial brushing, 69.2% (36/52). The specificities of all Xpert assays were the same (100.0%, 59/59). A significant difference was found in the comparison of the sensitivities of Xpert using sputum, bronchial brushing and both, and the sensitivity of Xpert on both sputum and bronchial brushing was higher than that on sputum alone ( p < 0.05). Moreover, it appears that bronchial brushing Xpert was more sensitive than sputum Xpert in the detection of PTB. Conclusion: Bronchial brushing Xpert improves the diagnostic efficiency of sputum Xpert in the detection of PTB.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Role of the Midwife in Increasing Exclusive Breast Milk at UPT Puskesmas Mare

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
Sulfianti Sulfianti ◽  
Hasliana Haslan
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Community Health Center ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The University

The kind of research that was utilized in this study was an analytical questionnaire. In this study, a cross-sectional design was employed to collect data. Sixty-six individuals were included in the samples that fulfilled the requirements. The findings revealed that 1) the midwife's attitude toward promoting exclusive breastfeeding at the UPT Puskesmas (Community Health Center) Mare had no impact on the outcomes of the study. The results of the chi square test revealed that the p-value was 0,089, indicating that the hypothesis was correct (0,05). There is an association between midwife assistance and an increase in exclusive breastfeeding at the University of Puskesmas Mare, according to the findings of the chi square test (p-value =0,007 for exclusive breastfeeding at the UPT Puskesmas Mare) (0,05). The rise in exclusive breastfeeding at the UPT Puskesmas Mare may be attributed to the midwifery program, according to the findings. The results of the chi square test reveal that the p-value is 0,0002, which indicates a significant difference (0,05). 4) Midwife assistance had a 12,7-fold higher impact on the rise in exclusive breastfeeding, with a p-value of 0.028 0.05 for the effect of midwife support. The midwife program, on the other hand, had a moderate impact on the rise in exclusive breastfeeding, with a p-value of 0,038 0.05 and a moderate effect of 11,1 times on the increase in exclusive breastfeeding.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Boosters in the Discussion Section of Medical and Applied Linguistics Articles

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Islam NamazianDost
Keyword(s):  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Discourse Markers ◽  
Discourse Communities ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Discussion Section ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Medical Articles

This study tried to investigate the role of interpersonal meta-discourse markers such as boosters. In order to illuminate this relation, 15 medical and 15 applied linguistics articles were selected randomly from around 50 articles. Therefore, quantitative and qualitative methods were applied to answer the research questions to identify the frequency and percentage of booster employment in their discussion sections. Moreover, to determine the supposedly meaningful differences between booster applications in the corpus, the chi-square test was used. The findings showed that there was not any significant difference between applied and medical articles in using boosters in their discussion section. Moreover, it was found that boosters such as it is clear that, definitely, certainly, really, totally, always were the most frequent ones which were used in two groups of articles namely applied and medical articles. Since meta-discourse markers, i.e., boosters play crucial roles in mediating the relationship between what writers intend to argue and their discourse communities, the results of the present study have obvious importance in increasing students’ awareness of the way they organize their writings.

scholarly journals Dental Practitioners and their Perceptions Regarding the Use of Antioxidants in the Promotion of Oral Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Nadia Khan ◽  
Anam Khan ◽  
Burshida Khalid ◽  
Gauri Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Central India ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Knowledge ◽  
Chi Square Test

INTRODUCTION: The role of free radicals is well established as a crucial component of the immune system. AIM: To assess the perception of dental practitioners of Northern and Central India regarding the role of antioxidants in oral health.MATERIALS AND METHOD: A pre-tested and pre-validated online questionnaire was distributed among various dental practitioners in Northern and Central India which consisted of dichotomous responses. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, followed by the Chi square test to check significant differences between the responses. Correlation between responses were analysed through the Spearman’s rank correlation. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 (SPSS 20).RESULTS: A statistically significant difference was observed among the genders, with females 126 (43.7%) having lesser knowledge than males 162(56.3%) regarding the use of antioxidants in their clinical practice. High knowledge scores were observed in 288 (69.2%) dental professionals. Postgraduates were found to have (p=0.05) a higher level of knowledge as compared to graduates.CONCLUSION: The use of antioxidants in dentistry should be increased through the conduction of various CDE programmes. workshops and evidence-based practice guidelines.

Library and information science education as ignition source for services in non-academic special libraries

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (4/5) ◽  
pp. 350-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waqar Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Shahid Soroya
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Difference

Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the number, difference and ratio of professionals and non-professionals heading toward non-academic special libraries (NASL). This study also explored the difference of provision of services based on educational qualifications. Design/methodology/approach Quantitative survey research method and questionnaire as a data collection tool was used to conduct the study. The questionnaire contained four educational levels against the 18 services variables. No list or directory being available, 71 special libraries were assured to be there in Lahore through snowball-sampling technique. Out of 71 questionnaires, 41 were returned and analyzed using Chi-Square test in Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Findings Findings indicated that 56 per cent of the libraries were headed by LIS professionals, while rest of 44 per cent of the libraries was headed by persons with no professional education. Chi-Square test’s p value indicated the significant difference in the orientation, reference service and document reservation service. The professionally qualified library managers were found better at providing librarians’ end services. Originality/value The present study is the first of its kind in Pakistan, which marked the vacant positions and indicated the differences of services based on level of education. It depicted the electronic, librarians end, and technical knowledge and multi-factor services and measured its variation on the educational grounds.

Role of pulse plethysmograph in the prediction of hypotension in caesarean section patient under spinal anesthesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
Sheetal K Desai ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Elective Caesarean Section ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: Spinal anesthesia is a commonly employed technique for anesthesia for caesarean section and is associated with hypotension which may cause maternal morbidity. Prediction of hypotension before the procedure can reduce complications. The study aimed to evaluate the role of pulse plethysmograph in the prediction of hypotension in caesarean section patients under spinal anesthesia. Methods: The observational study was conducted on 50 patients who were undergoing emergency or elective caesarean section. Spinal anesthesia was performed by anaesthesiologist using a 25 or 26-gauge spinal needle with bupivacaine at L3-4 interspinous space. Pre and post-anesthesia observations such as the width of pulse plethysmograph, non-invasive blood pressure in another arm, and heart rate were recorded. Paired T-test, Wilcoxon sign rank test, and chi-square test was used to analyse data using R Studio V 1.2.5001 software. Results: Post spinal anesthesia minor fall in systolic blood pressure (SBP) was observed in 11 patients, moderate fall in 21 patients, severe fall in 8 patients and a massive fall in 10 patients. A significant difference was observed between mean pre- and post-spinal anesthesia SBP (P<0.001). Width of pulse plethysmograph (PPG) was maintained in 14 patients whereas, narrowed and significantly narrowed PPGs were observed in 29 and 7 patients, respectively. Significant association was observed between grades of SBP and width of PPG (P<0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curve showed the width of PGG was good for prediction of hypotension in patient (AUC=0.828). Conclusion: Width of PPG can be used to predict SA induced maternal hypotension.

Lotka’s law and author productivity pattern of research in law discipline

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana Sahu ◽  
Puspanjali Jena
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Lotka’S Law

Purpose This study aims to analyze the productivity patterns of authors using law literature indexed in Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) from 2016 to 2020 based on Lotka’s law. Lotka’s law of scientific productivity provides a platform for studying the variation between the actual and expected authors’ productivity patterns in a subject area over a specified period. Design/methodology/approach This study covers 3,334 open access journal articles in law subject. The law journals are subdivided into two basic divisions, namely, public law and private law. This paper focuses on the journal-wise distribution of publications, subject-wise distribution of publications, annual growth rate (AGR) as well as compound AGR and applicability of Lotka’s law in both public and private law by applying the least square method followed by Pao and doing the K-S goodness-of-fit test. Student’s t-test and chi-square test have been applied to verify the significant difference between the public law and the private law literature. Findings There is no significant difference between the public law and private law publications on their publications per issue. The chi-square test showed that there is no significant difference between the year-wise publications in public law and private law. The authorship productivity in public law differs from the distribution of Lotka’s inverse square law, whereas it follows Lotka’s law in the case of private law. Research limitations/implications This study is based on the articles published in open access English language journals which are indexed in the DOAJ. Originality/value This study will be useful to know the authorship productivity pattern of law literature for both public and private law individually.

scholarly journals Dental patient's knowledge and perceptions about the effects of smoking and role of dentists in smoking cessation activities

2014 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 216-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poonam Sood ◽  
Ridhi Narang ◽  
V. Swathi ◽  
Litik Mittal ◽  
Kunal Jha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Smoking Prevention ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Dental Patients ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Prevention Counseling

ABSTRACT Objectives: The objective of the following study is to assess the knowledge of patients about the consequences of smoking on the general and oral health, to analyze the patient's perceptions about the role of dentists in smoking prevention, counseling and cessation and to analyze the willingness of smokers to quit smoking following dentist's advice. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in a sample of 486 dental patients visiting Vokkaligara Sangha Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluruin the month of August 2011 using a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test was performed to analyze data. Results: The patients had good knowledge about the effects of smoking on general and oral health. Statistically significant difference was observed in the knowledge of smokers and non-smokers about the effects of smoking on ageing (P = 0.008) and oral cancer (P = 0.0012). Patients had a positive perception about the role of dentists in smoking cessation activities. Smokers exhibited a willingness to quit if suggested by the dentist. Conclusion: Patients perceive that dentists can play an important part in smoking cessation activities. Hence, dentists should not hesitate to give smoking cessation advice to their patients and grasp this opportunity to improve the general and oral health of the community.

Management of Infants with Congenital Muscular Torticollis

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 138-142
Author(s):  
Zheralldin Durguti ◽  
Ardiana Murtezani ◽  
Lidvana Spahiu ◽  
Teuta Durguti ◽  
Eqrem Gara
Keyword(s):  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Congenital Muscular Torticollis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Muscular Torticollis ◽  
Therapy Clinic

AbstractCongenital muscular torticollis (CMT) is a deformation characterized by unilateral shortening of the sternocleidomastoid muscle resulting in lateral inclination of the neck associated with contralateral torsion. The purpose of this study was to assess the role of physical therapy in infants with CMT according to the age when treatment was started. The study was conducted in the Physical Therapy Clinic “Therapy” in Pristina for a period of 1 year from June 2016 to June 2017. The number of infants diagnosed with a CMT was 130 (71 girls and 59 boys). The infants were examined two times during the study period. The first visit was at the baseline and the second after the intervention. Three comparative groups are created based on time to start treatment. The infants were treated for 3 consecutive weeks with five sessions per week with the same therapeutic procedure. In the first examination of infants, there was no significant difference between the groups (chi-square test = 0.78, p = 0.08), whereas in the second examination after the 15 therapeutic sessions there was significant difference in the improvement of all the groups treated with physical therapy. Significant result was achieved in mean range of motion in infants of the group aged 3.1 to 6 months (mean = –35.9 ± 12.3, 95% confidence interval [CI], –39.3 to –32.4, p < 0.001) and in the mean side flexion of group aged 3.1 to 6 months (mean difference = –24.5 ± 7.9, 95% CI, –16.9 to –9.7, p < 0.001). While exercises in the 6- to 9-month age group have shown less success, because the time of appearance for physical therapy has been delayed (mean difference = –23.5 ± 10.7, 95% CI, –15.6 to –8.4, p < 0.001). From the results obtained from this study, we can conclude that the early start of the physical therapy gives much better results.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document