scholarly journals Bronchial brushing Xpert improves the diagnostic efficiency of sputum Xpert in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 204993612110201
Author(s):  
Yu He ◽  
Yan-Hua Wu ◽  
Chao Han ◽  
Huai-Zheng Gong ◽  
Mao-Shui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mycobacterial Culture ◽  
Alternative Diagnosis ◽  
Bronchial Brushing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: The role of bronchial brushing Xpert MTB/RIF (hereafter referred to as Xpert) in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) remains unclear. Therefore, a retrospective study was conducted aiming to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of bronchial brushing Xpert in patients with PTB. Methods: Between July 2018 and August 2019, suspected PTB patients who were admitted to our hospital and had bronchial brushing and matched sputum collection for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear, mycobacterial culture, and Xpert were included for further analysis. Subsequently, PTB was defined based on mycobacterial culture, and if an alternative diagnosis was established, ‘non-tuberculosis (TB)’ was considered. Comparison of bronchial brushing and matched sputum examination was performed between groups. Then, the differences in the sensitivities between bronchial brushing and sputum Xpert were examined using the chi-square test. Results: A total of 111 patients were included and divided into TB and non-TB groups (52 versus 59 patients). The sensitivities of Xpert against culture were calculated as follows: sputum, 44.2% (23/52); bronchial brushing, 59.6% (31/52); sputum and bronchial brushing, 69.2% (36/52). The specificities of all Xpert assays were the same (100.0%, 59/59). A significant difference was found in the comparison of the sensitivities of Xpert using sputum, bronchial brushing and both, and the sensitivity of Xpert on both sputum and bronchial brushing was higher than that on sputum alone ( p < 0.05). Moreover, it appears that bronchial brushing Xpert was more sensitive than sputum Xpert in the detection of PTB. Conclusion: Bronchial brushing Xpert improves the diagnostic efficiency of sputum Xpert in the detection of PTB.

scholarly journals Prognostic significance of peritoneal cytology in low-risk endometrial cancer: comparison of laparoscopic surgery and laparotomy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoe Fujiwara ◽  
Ruri Nishie ◽  
Shoko Ueda ◽  
Syunsuke Miyamoto ◽  
Shinichi Terada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Laparoscopic Surgery ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Peritoneal Cytology ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Positive Peritoneal Cytology

Abstract Background There is uncertainty surrounding the prognostic value of peritoneal cytology in low-risk endometrial cancer, especially in laparoscopic surgery. The objective of this retrospective study is to determine the prognostic significance of positive peritoneal cytology among patients with low-risk endometrial cancer and to compare it between laparoscopic surgery and conventional laparotomy. Methods From August 2008 to December 2019, all cases of pathologically confirmed stage IA grade 1 or 2 endometrial cancer were reviewed at Osaka Medical College. Statistical analyses used the Chi-square test and the Kaplan–Meier log rank. Results A total of 478 patients were identified: 438 with negative peritoneal cytology (232 who underwent laparotomy and 206 who undertook laparoscopic surgery) and 40 with positive peritoneal cytology (20 who underwent laparotomy and 20 who received laparoscopic surgery). Survival was significantly worse among patients with positive peritoneal cytology compared to patients with negative peritoneal cytology. However, there was no significant difference among patients with negative or positive peritoneal cytology between laparoscopic surgery and laparotomy. Conclusion This retrospective study suggests that, while peritoneal cytology is an independent risk factor in patients with low-risk endometrial cancer, laparoscopic surgery does not influence the survival outcome when compared to laparotomy.

Role of prostaglandin F2a in the genesis of experimental cerebral vasospasm

1972 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menno Pennink ◽  
Richard P. White ◽  
John R. Crockarell ◽  
James T. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Vasospasm ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Angiographic Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Prostaglandin F2a ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Chi Square Test

✓ An angiographic study of experimental cerebral vasospasm was performed in 40 dogs. Vasospasm was caused by injection of 4 ml of blood or 4 ml of blood mixed with prostaglandin F2a into the chiasmatic cistern. A statistically significant difference (chi-square test, p < 0.01) was found between the incidence of cerebral vasospasm obtained with injection of blood alone (6 out of 18 cases, 33%) and the cerebral vasospasm induced with blood and prostaglandin F2a (12 of 13 cases, 92%). In addition, cerebral vasospasm was obtained with injection of prostaglandin F2a alone, whereas prostaglandin E1 had no such effect. These findings, together with reports in the literature that the brains is rich in prostaglandin F2a which it releases into the CSF, suggest a role of prostaglandin F2a in the genesis of cerebral vasospasm seen clinically.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Role of the Midwife in Increasing Exclusive Breast Milk at UPT Puskesmas Mare

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
Sulfianti Sulfianti ◽  
Hasliana Haslan
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Community Health Center ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The University

The kind of research that was utilized in this study was an analytical questionnaire. In this study, a cross-sectional design was employed to collect data. Sixty-six individuals were included in the samples that fulfilled the requirements. The findings revealed that 1) the midwife's attitude toward promoting exclusive breastfeeding at the UPT Puskesmas (Community Health Center) Mare had no impact on the outcomes of the study. The results of the chi square test revealed that the p-value was 0,089, indicating that the hypothesis was correct (0,05). There is an association between midwife assistance and an increase in exclusive breastfeeding at the University of Puskesmas Mare, according to the findings of the chi square test (p-value =0,007 for exclusive breastfeeding at the UPT Puskesmas Mare) (0,05). The rise in exclusive breastfeeding at the UPT Puskesmas Mare may be attributed to the midwifery program, according to the findings. The results of the chi square test reveal that the p-value is 0,0002, which indicates a significant difference (0,05). 4) Midwife assistance had a 12,7-fold higher impact on the rise in exclusive breastfeeding, with a p-value of 0.028 0.05 for the effect of midwife support. The midwife program, on the other hand, had a moderate impact on the rise in exclusive breastfeeding, with a p-value of 0,038 0.05 and a moderate effect of 11,1 times on the increase in exclusive breastfeeding.

scholarly journals Subtalar arthrodesis with bone graft. Is it needed for smokers?

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Gil Galvão Bernardes Silveira ◽  
Isnar Moreira Castro Junior ◽  
Henrique Mansur ◽  
Guilherme Ferreira Morgado
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Bone Graft ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
P Value ◽  
Union Rate ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Subtalar Arthrodesis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Autologous Bone

Objective: To evaluate the union rate of subtalar arthrodesis in smokers and nonsmokers and effect of the use of different types of autologous bone grafts. Methods: This was a retrospective study with radiological evaluation of patients with subtalar arthrosis who underwent primary arthrodesis at a reference hospital between January 2008 and December 2014. Patients with a minimum follow-up period of 12 months were included and were divided into smokers and nonsmokers with or without autologous bone grafting. Results: In total, 235 patients with a mean age of 47 years (range: 19-74 years) were evaluated, among whom 90 (40%) were smokers and 141 (60%) were nonsmokers. In 221 (94%) cases, the indication for arthrodesis was due to sequelae of calcaneal fractures. A bone graft was used in 65 (27.7%) patients. The overall union rate was 85.4%, and 14.6% of the patients progressed to pseudoarthrosis. A statistically significant difference was found in the nonunion rate in smokers (p-value=0.015 by chi-square test), especially in those who did not receive a bone graft (p-value=0.014 by chi-square test). However, no significant difference was found between smokers who received a bone graft and those who did not (p-value=0.072 by chi-square test). The union rate was related to the donor site, with pseudoarthrosis in 33.3% of surgeries with an autologous calcaneal bone graft (p-value=0.011). Conclusion: Smoking increased the likelihood of pseudoarthrosis in subtalar arthrodesis by 2.5-fold, and pseudoarthrosis is related to the autologous bone graft donor site. Level of Evidence III; Therapeutic studies; Comparative Retrospective Study. 

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Boosters in the Discussion Section of Medical and Applied Linguistics Articles

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Islam NamazianDost
Keyword(s):  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Discourse Markers ◽  
Discourse Communities ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Discussion Section ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Medical Articles

This study tried to investigate the role of interpersonal meta-discourse markers such as boosters. In order to illuminate this relation, 15 medical and 15 applied linguistics articles were selected randomly from around 50 articles. Therefore, quantitative and qualitative methods were applied to answer the research questions to identify the frequency and percentage of booster employment in their discussion sections. Moreover, to determine the supposedly meaningful differences between booster applications in the corpus, the chi-square test was used. The findings showed that there was not any significant difference between applied and medical articles in using boosters in their discussion section. Moreover, it was found that boosters such as it is clear that, definitely, certainly, really, totally, always were the most frequent ones which were used in two groups of articles namely applied and medical articles. Since meta-discourse markers, i.e., boosters play crucial roles in mediating the relationship between what writers intend to argue and their discourse communities, the results of the present study have obvious importance in increasing students’ awareness of the way they organize their writings.

scholarly journals Dental Practitioners and their Perceptions Regarding the Use of Antioxidants in the Promotion of Oral Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Nadia Khan ◽  
Anam Khan ◽  
Burshida Khalid ◽  
Gauri Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Central India ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Knowledge ◽  
Chi Square Test

INTRODUCTION: The role of free radicals is well established as a crucial component of the immune system. AIM: To assess the perception of dental practitioners of Northern and Central India regarding the role of antioxidants in oral health.MATERIALS AND METHOD: A pre-tested and pre-validated online questionnaire was distributed among various dental practitioners in Northern and Central India which consisted of dichotomous responses. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, followed by the Chi square test to check significant differences between the responses. Correlation between responses were analysed through the Spearman’s rank correlation. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 (SPSS 20).RESULTS: A statistically significant difference was observed among the genders, with females 126 (43.7%) having lesser knowledge than males 162(56.3%) regarding the use of antioxidants in their clinical practice. High knowledge scores were observed in 288 (69.2%) dental professionals. Postgraduates were found to have (p=0.05) a higher level of knowledge as compared to graduates.CONCLUSION: The use of antioxidants in dentistry should be increased through the conduction of various CDE programmes. workshops and evidence-based practice guidelines.

Role of pulse plethysmograph in the prediction of hypotension in caesarean section patient under spinal anesthesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
Sheetal K Desai ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Elective Caesarean Section ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: Spinal anesthesia is a commonly employed technique for anesthesia for caesarean section and is associated with hypotension which may cause maternal morbidity. Prediction of hypotension before the procedure can reduce complications. The study aimed to evaluate the role of pulse plethysmograph in the prediction of hypotension in caesarean section patients under spinal anesthesia. Methods: The observational study was conducted on 50 patients who were undergoing emergency or elective caesarean section. Spinal anesthesia was performed by anaesthesiologist using a 25 or 26-gauge spinal needle with bupivacaine at L3-4 interspinous space. Pre and post-anesthesia observations such as the width of pulse plethysmograph, non-invasive blood pressure in another arm, and heart rate were recorded. Paired T-test, Wilcoxon sign rank test, and chi-square test was used to analyse data using R Studio V 1.2.5001 software. Results: Post spinal anesthesia minor fall in systolic blood pressure (SBP) was observed in 11 patients, moderate fall in 21 patients, severe fall in 8 patients and a massive fall in 10 patients. A significant difference was observed between mean pre- and post-spinal anesthesia SBP (P<0.001). Width of pulse plethysmograph (PPG) was maintained in 14 patients whereas, narrowed and significantly narrowed PPGs were observed in 29 and 7 patients, respectively. Significant association was observed between grades of SBP and width of PPG (P<0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curve showed the width of PGG was good for prediction of hypotension in patient (AUC=0.828). Conclusion: Width of PPG can be used to predict SA induced maternal hypotension.

scholarly journals P2X7 Gene Polymorphisms and Risk Assessment for Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Asian Indians

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkatasubramanian Sambasivan ◽  
Kolluri Janaki Rama Murthy ◽  
Ravindra Reddy ◽  
Valluri Vijayalakshimi ◽  
Qurratulain Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Purinergic P2x7 Receptor ◽  
Asian Indian Population ◽  
Control Study

Objective:Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Macrophages play an important role in the immunopathogenesis of tuberculosis. Extracellular ATP induces macrophage bactericidal activity through activation of the purinergic P2X7 receptor. This case- control study assesses the association of −762 T/C, 1513A/C and 1729T/A P2X7 polymorphisms in patients with PTB and healthy controls to establish association if any with risk of developing the disease.Materials and methods:The genotyping for P2X7 was carried out using PCR and RFLP analysis in 256 individuals, which included 156 active PTB patients and 100 age and sex, matched healthy volunteers with no clinical symptoms or family history of PTB as controls.Results:A chi square test showed a significant difference between the PTB patient and controls for −762 C allele;p=0.0051 (OR 1.6972, CI 95% 1.1839 to 2.4332) and1729 T allele was found to be positively associated with the PTB;p< 0.0005 (OR-2.4623, CI 95% 1.6376 to 3.7022). 1513A/C polymorphism did not show any significant difference between the two groups.Significance:The study revealed a significant association of P2X7-762C allele and P2X7 1729T allele receptor polymorphisms with PTB in Asian Indian population. The use of these alleles as biomarkers for identifying individuals at high risk of developing TB needs to be ascertained.

scholarly journals Profil Epidémiologique Des Lymphomes Malins NonHodgkinien Gastrique Au Maroc

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (36) ◽  
pp. 378
Author(s):  
Ben khali Abdellah ◽  
Belamalem Souad ◽  
Qyou Ali ◽  
Houria Chahed Ouazzani ◽  
Soulaymani Abdelmajid
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Socioeconomic Level ◽  
Age Group ◽  
General State ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test

Retrospective study was done on some cases having Malin Lymphoma Non-Hodgkin's gastric recorded in Hepato-Gastroenterology department of University Hospital in Rabat during the period 2000 to 2010. The objective of this work is to identify primary and clinics Non Hodgkin lymphomas Malins of the stomach lymphosarcoma type. During the study periodwe registered 47 cases of Hodgkin's Lymphoma Non Malin, an average of 4 ± 0.59 cases / year. The majority of cases were from Kenitra-Rabat-Sale with 40% of cases. Males were the most affected with 55%. The chi-square test showed no significant difference between gender (χ2 = 0.53, P> 0.05). 56 ± 2.8 years. The average age of the patients was hospitalized with ends from 19 years to 85 years, a predominance of the age group [70-80 [with 24%. The majority of patients have a low socioeconomic level (95%). The most registered clinical signs are generally: Alteration of the general state (17%), fever (12%), anemia (10%), epigastric burn type and epigastric cramping in 8% for each of them. The location Antro - pyloric was the most frequent (54%), then the fundus location (18%) and diffuse forms in 9%.

scholarly journals Dental patient's knowledge and perceptions about the effects of smoking and role of dentists in smoking cessation activities

2014 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 216-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poonam Sood ◽  
Ridhi Narang ◽  
V. Swathi ◽  
Litik Mittal ◽  
Kunal Jha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Smoking Prevention ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Dental Patients ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Prevention Counseling

ABSTRACT Objectives: The objective of the following study is to assess the knowledge of patients about the consequences of smoking on the general and oral health, to analyze the patient's perceptions about the role of dentists in smoking prevention, counseling and cessation and to analyze the willingness of smokers to quit smoking following dentist's advice. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in a sample of 486 dental patients visiting Vokkaligara Sangha Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluruin the month of August 2011 using a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test was performed to analyze data. Results: The patients had good knowledge about the effects of smoking on general and oral health. Statistically significant difference was observed in the knowledge of smokers and non-smokers about the effects of smoking on ageing (P = 0.008) and oral cancer (P = 0.0012). Patients had a positive perception about the role of dentists in smoking cessation activities. Smokers exhibited a willingness to quit if suggested by the dentist. Conclusion: Patients perceive that dentists can play an important part in smoking cessation activities. Hence, dentists should not hesitate to give smoking cessation advice to their patients and grasp this opportunity to improve the general and oral health of the community.

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