Prolactinoma of pituitary with associated amyloid-like substances

1983 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1067-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-ichi Kuratsu ◽  
Yasuhiko Matsukado ◽  
Masaki Miura
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Short History ◽  
Content Type ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma containing amyloid substance was studied by light and electron microscopy. The tumor was found in a 32-year-old woman who presented with a short history of amenorrhea and galactorrhea. Pituitary adenoma containing amyloid substance is a very rare entity, and the implications of this association are discussed. Previous reports, suggesting that mesenchymal cells or hormone-secreting tumor cells in pituitary adenomas produce amyloid substances, are reviewed.

scholarly journals A Case of Iris Melanocytoma Demonstrating Diffuse Melanocytic Proliferation with Uncontrolled Intraocular Pressure

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mami Kusunose ◽  
Yuji Sakino ◽  
Yoshihiro Noda ◽  
Tsutomu Daa ◽  
Toshiaki Kubota
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Trabecular Meshwork ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Secondary Glaucoma ◽  
Pigment Dispersion ◽  
Large Tumor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ring Melanoma

We report a rare case with histologically proven melanocytoma of the iris that demonstrated diffuse melanocytic proliferation with uncontrolled secondary glaucoma and investigate the etiology of the intraocular pressure elevation. The patient was a 78-year-old man with a history of darkened iris of his left eye. The intraocular pressure was 39 mm Hg. A slit-lamp examination showed a diffuse darkened iris, and a gonioscopic examination revealed open angle with circumferential heavy pigmentation. There was no pigment dispersion of the anterior chamber and no pigment deposition of the cornea. We suspected malignant ring melanoma in the left eye and enucleated it. The globe was examined with light and electron microscopy. Light microscopy revealed the presence of heavily pigmented tumor cells in the iris, ciliary body, trabecular meshwork, and Schlemm’s canal. A bleached preparation showed large tumor cells with central and paracentral nuclei without mitosis. Electron microscopy of the trabecular meshwork revealed melanin-bearing tumor cells invading the intertrabecular spaces, and the melanin granules were not phagocytosed in the trabecular cells. The mechanical obstruction of the aqueous flow by the tumor cells may be a major cause of secondary glaucoma in eyes with iris melanocytoma presenting diffuse proliferation.

Hemangioma calcificans

1979 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael V. DiTullio ◽  
W. Eugene Stern
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Angiography ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Aged Woman ◽  
Pathological Evaluation ◽  
Middle Aged Woman ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A middle-aged woman, with a previous history of medically suppressed absence attacks, presented with mild changes in mental status and a skull film demonstrating several areas of mottled, granular, intracranial calcifications. These lesions, although readily visible on computerized tomography, appeared avascular during the course of cerebral angiography. At the time of surgery the masses, which were densely calcified and generally circular, demonstrated numerous areas of superficial, white, verrucous excrescences. Microscopic, pathological evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of hemangioma calcificans. The literature describing this rare entity is briefly reviewed.

Serum prolactin in patients with hypothalamus and pituitary disorders

1981 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Olov Lundberg ◽  
Per Olof Osterman ◽  
Leif Wide
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sellar Tumor ◽  
Very High ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Serum prolactin concentrations were studied in 115 patients with anatomically defined disorders in the hypothalamo-pituitary region. Fifty of the patients had expansively growing pituitary adenomas; in 17 of them (13 females and four males) the prolactin values were slightly raised (15 to 100 µg/liter), and in 13 (11 females and two males) they were over 100 µg/liter. The frequency of elevated prolactin values was higher for females than for males. Fifteen patients with invasively growing pituitary adenomas had very high serum prolactin levels (range 1230 to 31,500 µg/liter, geometric mean 3150 µg/liter). In a single case of malignant pituitary adenoma, the serum prolactin was at the lower level of detection. Of 49 further patients with suprasellar meningiomas, craniopharyngiomas, or other expansive or destructive lesions of the hypothalamus and sellar region, 15 had slightly raised prolactin values (maximum 114 µg/liter). Eight of these 49 patients had sellar destruction, with a roentgenological picture similar to that in patients with invasive pituitary adenomas. Among these eight patients, the maximum prolactin value was 67 µg/liter. It is concluded that moderately raised serum prolactin values (up to 100 µg/liter) in a patient with a sellar tumor does not prove that the tumor is a prolactinoma. A serum prolactin value of 100 to 1000 µg/liter strongly indicates a prolactin-producing tumor. In a patient with sellar destruction, a serum prolactin value of over 1000 µg/liter is proof that the destruction is caused by an invasive pituitary adenoma.

Xenogeneic pericardium as a dural substitute in reconstruction of suboccipital dura mater in children

1989 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 905-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Pařízek ◽  
Pavel Měřička ◽  
Josef Špaček ◽  
Stanislav Němeček ◽  
Pavel Eliáš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dura Mater ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fascia Lata ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dural Substitute ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Neurosurgical Techniques ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A 5-year experience with the glutaraldehyde-stabilized freeze-dried radiation-sterilized calf pericardium used as a dural substitute is reported. The structure of pericardium xenograft is compared with other collagenous materials used for duraplasty (allogeneic fascia lata and dura mater) by light and electron microscopy. The special neurosurgical techniques involved in using pericardium xenografts in the reconstruction of suboccipital dura mater in children are presented in detail.

Presence of smooth-muscle cells in the subdural neomembrane

1981 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 646-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Kawano ◽  
Kinuko Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Subdural Hematoma ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Chronic Subdural Hematoma ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The authors encountered a case of chronic subdural hematoma of which the subdural neomembrane (SN) showed numerous spindle-shaped cells identified as smooth-muscle cells (SMC's) by electron microscopy. On reexamination of 214 cases from the files, SMC's were found with light microscopy in seven cases. In these cases, the SN was well organized (collagenized). In three additional cases examined with both light and electron microscopy, SMC's were not apparent with light microscopy. However, in all cases, cells with ultrastructural features of both fibroblasts and SMC's were observed. Well formed SMC's were found in two additional cases of well organized membrane. Based on these observations, it is concluded that the presence of SMC's in the SN is not a rare phenomenon. The possible origin of SMC's in the SN and their pathological significance to the organizing process of chronic subdural hematoma are discussed.

Anemia, testosterone, and pituitary adenoma in men

2003 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 974-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilantha B. Ellegala ◽  
Tord D. Alden ◽  
Daniel E. Couture ◽  
Mary L. Vance ◽  
Nicholas F. Maartens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Testosterone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Low Serum

Object. Older men with clinically nonfunctioning pituitary tumors have been noted to be anemic, to have hypopituitarism, and to have low serum levels of testosterone. The authors hypothesized that men with pituitary adenomas and hypogonadism have a physiologically related decrease in hematocrit. Methods. A retrospective analysis was conducted of 216 patients older than 50 years of age who harbored pituitary adenomas. In 100 men serum testosterone levels and a complete blood (cell) count (CBC) were obtained before treatment; a CBC was also acquired in a series of women with pituitary adenomas. Using clinical laboratory standards, anemia was defined as a hematocrit less than 40% in men and less than 35% in women. Thirty-one (46.3%) of 67 men with low serum concentrations of testosterone were anemic. In men with low levels of testosterone, the average hematocrit was 39.9%, compared with 45.6% for men with normal testosterone levels (p < 0.001). Men with macroadenomas were most likely to have both anemia and a low serum concentration of testosterone. Anemia was associated with a low level of testosterone, adjusting for tumor size (odds ratio 19, 95% confidence interval 4.86–77.03). Of patients with anemia, 84% were men and 16% were women (p < 0.001). The prevalence of anemia in women was low and was not correlated with tumor size. Men receiving testosterone replacement therapy had a significantly higher hematocrit value than men with low or normal testosterone levels. Conclusions. These findings support a direct relationship between serum testosterone levels and hematopoiesis in men, and demonstrate that hematopoiesis is compromised in men who have low concentrations of testosterone due to a pituitary adenoma.

Pituitary apoplexy: its incidence and clinical significance

1981 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susumu Wakai ◽  
Takanori Fukushima ◽  
Akira Teramoto ◽  
Keiji Sano
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Pituitary Apoplexy ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Histological Types ◽  
Hormonal Function ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The occurrence of hemorrhage from pituitary adenoma (so-called “pituitary apoplexy”) was investigated in a consecutive series of 560 cases operated on during the past 30 years. There were 93 cases (16.6%) in which hemorrhage from pituitary adenomas was confirmed either clinically or surgically. These patients were analyzed in terms of age, sex, symptoms and signs, size of tumor, hormonal function, and histological types of adenomas, and computerized tomography findings. In 90 cases (16.1%), hematoma or old bloody fluid was verified within the tumor tissue at surgery. Three other patients presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage, but there was no detectable intratumor hematoma in any of them. Among these 93 patients, 42 (7.5%) showed no evidence of clinical symptoms related to hemorrhage (asymptomatic hemorrhage). Fifty-one patients (9.1%) had definite histories of an acute episode that suggested sudden bleeding (symptomatic hemorrhage: pituitary apoplexy). Thirty-eight patients (6.8%) had a major attack manifested by disturbances of consciousness, hemiparesis, loss of vision, or ocular palsy. In two acromegalic patients, pituitary apoplexy developed during bromocriptine treatment. There was one case of sudden death due to massive hemorrhage from the tumor 14 months after the completion of postoperative radiation therapy. The other 13 symptomatic patients (2.3%) developed a minor attack which included headache, nausea, vomiting, and vertigo. Bleeding from pituitary adenomas was not statistically correlated with any of the following factors: sex, hormonal function of adenomas, and histological types, but it was correlated with age. The number of asymptomatic cases in the third decade was significantly greater than that of the whole group of pituitary adenoma patients in the same decade. The present investigation revealed that the incidence of pituitary apoplexy was unexpectedly high: a major attack in 6.8% of pituitary adenoma patients, a minor attack in 2.3%, and asymptomatic hemorrhage in 7.5% of the cases. This risk of pituitary apoplexy should be kept in mind in treating pituitary adenomas.

Gamma knife radiosurgery for pituitary adenomas

2000 ◽  
Vol 93 (supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 19-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Izawa ◽  
Motohiro Hayashi ◽  
Kohtarou Nakaya ◽  
Hiroyuki Satoh ◽  
Taku Ochiai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Gamma Knife ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Gamma Knife Radiosurgery ◽  
Single Institution ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The purpose of this study was the analysis of a large series of patients treated with gamma knife radiosurgery for pituitary adenoma in a single institution. Methods. One hundred eight patients with pituitary adenomas were treated over the last 7 years. Seventy-four patients have been followed for more than 6 months and form the basis of this report. Conclusions. Twenty-three patients harbored nonfunctioning adenomas, and 56 harbored functioning adenomas. The mean margin dose was 22.5 Gy (nonfunctioning adenomas, 19.5 Gy; functioning adenomas, 23.8 Gy). Control of tumor growth was achieved in 91%. A significant decrease of excessive hormone production was seen in 80% of patients, and the endocrinological normalization rate was 30.3%. Postradiosurgical complications were seen in 2.5%.

Primary cerebral angiosarcoma

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 806-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard P. Charman ◽  
Daniel H. Lowenstein ◽  
Kyung G. Cho ◽  
Stephen J. DeArmond ◽  
Charles B. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Left Posterior ◽  
History Of ◽  
Immunohistochemical Evidence ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Industrial Solvents

✓ A 65-year-old man with a history of exposure to industrial solvents developed a primary cerebral angiosarcoma in the left posterior parieto-occipital lobe. The tumor had features typical of angiosarcoma on light and electron microscopy, immunohistochemical evidence of factor VIII-related antigen produced in tumor cells, and a high labeling index with bromodeoxyuridine. The relationship of angiosarcoma to toxins and viruses is discussed.

Ectopic pituitary adenoma of the third ventricle

1990 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Kleinschmidt-DeMasters ◽  
Ken R. Winston ◽  
David Rubinstein ◽  
Mary H. Samuels
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Neurological Examination ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Sphenoid Sinus ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ectopic Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Ectopic pituitary adenomas without associated intrasellar adenomas are rare and are usually located in the sphenoid sinus. Most have been reported without modern radiological, endocrinological, or electron microscopic (EM) documentation. The case of a 47-year-old man with a third ventricular, ectopic, clinically non-secretory pituitary adenoma, which was shown to be a gonadotrophic adenoma by immunohistochemical and EM study, is reported. Neurological examination, extensive neurodiagnostic imaging, surgical anatomical observation, and endocrinological evaluation showed no evidence of neoplasia outside the third ventricle.

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