Music, musicians, and the brain: an exploration of musical genius

2004 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 895-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. John Popp
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Annual Meeting ◽  
American Association ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Education Journal ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The concept of musical genius used to frame a discussion of the “art” practiced by neurosurgeons is the focus of the 2004 Presidential Address to the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS). The musical genius, in contrast to the musically talented individual, is profiled and placed in the pantheon of those who have demonstrated extraordinary creativity. Observations and speculations about the specialization and elaboration of brain structures in musicians evolve into a discussion of artificial intelligence as a foil to what constitutes the essence of humanity. Taking an inductive approach, the author juxtaposes the conclusion about “music, musicians, and the brain” with the theme of the 2004 annual meeting of the AANS, “Advancing Patient Care Through Technology and Creativity,” to elaborate on the characteristics of the consummate neurosurgeon. (Note: Musical vignettes used in the address can be found in the accompanying article posted on Neurosurgical Focus http://www.aans.org/education/journal/neurosurgical).

scholarly journals Music, musicians, and the brain: an exploration of musical genius

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 895-903
Author(s):  
A. John Popp
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Annual Meeting ◽  
American Association ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Inductive Approach ◽  
Education Journal ◽  
The Brain

✓ The concept of musical genius used to frame a discussion of the “art” practiced by neurosurgeons is the focus of the 2004 Presidential Address to the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS). The musical genius, in contrast to the musically talented individual, is profiled and placed in the pantheon of those who have demonstrated extraordinary creativity. Observations and speculations about the specialization and elaboration of brain structures in musicians evolve into a discussion of artificial intelligence as a foil to what constitutes the essence of humanity. Taking an inductive approach, the author juxtaposes the conclusion about “music, musicians, and the brain” with the theme of the 2004 annual meeting of the AANS, “Advancing Patient Care Through Technology and Creativity,” to elaborate on the characteristics of the consummate neurosurgeon. (Note: Musical vignettes used in the address can be found in the accompanying article posted on Neurosurgical Focus http://www.aans.org/education/journal/neurosurgical).

Now is our time

1991 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 677-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
American Association ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Strategic Planning Process ◽  
The Future ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The President of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) in his presidential address discussed the challenges faced by neurosurgery today. He stressed three essentials to meeting the future: an effective and introspective organization; ample participation by the membership of the specialty; and a plan. He defined some of the problems before neurosurgery and the strategic planning process that has been undertaken during his presidency.

A nobleness of purpose

1980 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
W. Eugene Stern
Keyword(s):  
Patient Care ◽  
American Association ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Care Education ◽  
General Welfare ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Fine Print

✓ In the annual address, the President of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons reviews the responsibilities and the continued dedication of the members of the Society to the goals of excellence in patient care, education, and investigation. Insistence upon first-class standards of training has not waivered despite cynical impugnment of our motivation. Dividends of advantage to the general welfare can come from assistance in the design of enlightened legislation, in the assessment of the scientific basis and therapeutic value of various procedures, and in the support of rigorous training for neurosurgeons, fostering the development of excellent clinicians as well as investigators.

Neurosurgery at the crossroads: leadership role of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons

1979 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald F. Dohn
Keyword(s):  
Patient Care ◽  
Long Range ◽  
American Association ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
History Of ◽  
Long Range Planning ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The President of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) reviews the formative history of the major neurosurgical societies, together with their agreement to consolidate their efforts in the joint AANS. As a united group, the Association has been effective in carrying out relations with other professional organizations and with government. Long-range planning is being pursued steadily to increase the role of organized neurosurgery in maintenance of, and improvement in, patient care, education, and research.

scholarly journals AAAI President's Message

AI Magazine ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Newell
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Annual Meeting ◽  
New World ◽  
American Association ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
The State ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Moment

Births are always interesting affairs. According to some, births are always traumatic — a shock to come from the womb to the new world. The birth we give witness to here is that of a new society, the American Association for Artificial Intelligence — AAAI. It has not seemed to me traumatic, but rather almost wholly benign. In a world where not much is benign at the moment, such an event is devoutly to be cherished. The proper topic for this initial message is talk about beginnings and circumstances, goals and aims, character and style. My premier duty as president of AAAI, it appears, will be to give a presidential address at the upcoming annual meeting. Specific precedents being absent, I need to give thought to what belongs in an AAAI presidential address. But one thing I already know: That talk should be devoted to our science, not our society. It should be substantive , not procedural. It should look inward at the state of what we know about intelligence and computers, not outward at our place in the larger society. It is in this message that earthly matters belong.

Give neurosurgery a place to stand

2001 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 927-932
Author(s):  
Stewart B. Dunsker
Keyword(s):  
American Association ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
Local State ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Medical Societies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intimate Knowledge ◽  
Fine Print

✓ In his 2001 Presidential Address to the American Association of Neurological Surgeons, Dr. Dunsker calls on all neurosurgeons to become active participants in the ongoing debates over healthcare. He reviews some history of the debates and points out that regulation of healthcare has been left to bureaucrats—both government and private—physicians, who have intimate knowledge of the field, being excluded. Dr. Dunsker encourages neurosurgeons to volunteer in local, state, and federal medical societies and to join forces with other physicians to gain leverage in the healthcare debate. In this manner it is hoped that better ways of delivering the best healthcare to patients can be accomplished.

Radiosurgery for patients with recurrent small cell lung carcinoma metastatic to the brain: outcomes and prognostic factors

2005 ◽  
Vol 102 (Special_Supplement) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Sheehan ◽  
Douglas Kondziolka ◽  
John Flickinger ◽  
L. Dade Lunsford
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Lung carcinoma is the leading cause of death from cancer. More than 50% of those with small cell lung cancer develop a brain metastasis. Corticosteroid agents, radiotherapy, and resection have been the mainstays of treatment. Nonetheless, median survival for patients with small cell lung carcinoma metastasis is approximately 4 to 5 months after cranial irradiation. In this study the authors examine the efficacy of gamma knife surgery for treating recurrent small cell lung carcinoma metastases to the brain following tumor growth in patients who have previously undergone radiation therapy, and they evaluate factors affecting survival. Methods. A retrospective review of 27 patients (47 recurrent small cell lung cancer brain metastases) undergoing radiosurgery was performed. Clinical and radiographic data obtained during a 14-year treatment period were collected. Multivariate analysis was utilized to determine significant prognostic factors influencing survival. The overall median survival was 18 months after the diagnosis of brain metastases. In multivariate analysis, factors significantly affecting survival included: 1) tumor volume (p = 0.0042); 2) preoperative Karnofsky Performance Scale score (p = 0.0035); and 3) time between initial lung cancer diagnosis and development of brain metastasis (p = 0.0127). Postradiosurgical imaging of the brain metastases revealed that 62% decreased, 19% remained stable, and 19% eventually increased in size. One patient later underwent a craniotomy and tumor resection for a tumor refractory to radiosurgery and radiation therapy. In three patients new brain metastases were demonstrating on follow-up imaging. Conclusions. Stereotactic radiosurgery for recurrent small cell lung carcinoma metastases provided effective local tumor control in the majority of patients. Early detection of brain metastases, aggressive treatment of systemic disease, and a therapeutic strategy including radiosurgery can extend survival.

Relief of facial pain after combined removal of precentral and postcentral cortex

1971 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Lende ◽  
Wolff M. Kirsch ◽  
Ralph Druckman
Keyword(s):  
Facial Pain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Nerve Section ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Burning Pain ◽  
Cortical Localization ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Frontal Lobotomy

✓ Cortical removals which included precentral and postcentral facial representations resulted in relief of facial pain in two patients. Because of known failures following only postcentral (SmI) ablations, these operations were designed to eliminate also the cutaneous afferent projection to the precentral gyrus (MsI) and the second somatic sensory area (SmII). In one case burning pain developed after a stroke involving the brain stem and was not improved by total fifth nerve section; prompt relief followed corticectomy and lasted until death from heart disease 20 months later. In the other case persistent steady pain that developed after fifth rhizotomy for trigeminal neuralgia proved refractory to frontal lobotomy; relief after corticectomy was immediate and has lasted 14 months. Cortical localization was established by stimulation under local anesthesia. Each removal extended up to the border of the arm representation and down to the upper border of the insula. Such a resection necessarily included SmII, and in one case responses presumably from SmII were obtained before removal. The suggestions of Biemond (1956) and Poggio and Mountcastle (1960) that SmII might be concerned with pain sensibility may be pertinent in these cases.

Thymidine kinase-mediated killing of rat brain tumors

1993 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 729-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Barba ◽  
Joseph Hardin ◽  
Jasodhara Ray ◽  
Fred H. Gage
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cns Disorders ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Ganciclovir Treatment ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Gene therapy has many potential applications in central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including the selective killing of tumor cells in the brain. A rat brain tumor model was used to test the herpes simplex virus (HSV)-thymidine kinase (TK) gene for its ability to selectively kill C6 and 9L tumor cells in the brain following systemic administration of the nucleoside analog ganciclovir. The HSV-TK gene was introduced in vitro into tumor cells (C6-TK and 9L-TK), then these modified tumor cells were evaluated for their sensitivity to cell killing by ganciclovir. In a dose-response assay, both C6-TK and 9L-TK cells were 100 times more sensitive to killing by ganciclovir (median lethal dose: C6-TK, 0.1 µg ganciclovir/ml; C6, 5.0 µg ganciclovir/ml) than unmodified wild-type tumor cells or cultured fibroblasts. In vivo studies confirmed the ability of intraperitoneal ganciclovir administration to kill established brain tumors in rats as quantified by both stereological assessment of brain tumor volumes and studies of animal survival over 90 days. Rats with brain tumors established by intracerebral injection of wild-type or HSV-TK modified tumor cells or by a combination of wild-type and HSV-TK-modified cells were studied with and without ganciclovir treatments. Stereological methods determined that ganciclovir treatment eliminated tumors composed of HSV-TK-modified cells while control tumors grew as expected (p < 0.001). In survival studies, all 10 rats with 9L-TK tumors treated with ganciclovir survived 90 days while all untreated rats died within 25 days. Curiously, tumors composed of combinations of 9L and 9L-TK cells could be eliminated by ganciclovir treatments even when only one-half of the tumor cells carried the HSV-TK gene. While not completely understood, this additional tumor cell killing appears to be both tumor selective and local in nature. It is concluded that HSV-TK gene therapy with ganciclovir treatment does selectively kill tumor cells in the brain and has many potential applications in CNS disorders, including the treatment of cancer.

Arteriovenous malformations in the posterior fossa

1977 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Matsumura ◽  
Yasumasa Makita ◽  
Kuniyuki Someda ◽  
Akinori Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Arteriovenous Malformation ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Cerebellopontine Angle ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

✓ We have operated on 12 of 14 cases of arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in the posterior fossa since 1968, with one death. The lesions were in the cerebellum in 10 cases (three anteromedial, one central, three lateral, and three posteromedial), and in the cerebellopontine angle in two; in two cases the lesions were directly related to the brain stem. The AVM's in the anterior part of the cerebellum were operated on through a transtentorial occipital approach.

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