scholarly journals Rybalchenko L.V., Ryzhkov E.V., Kosychenko O.O. The influence of the shadow economy on economic security of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-183
Author(s):  
Lyudmyla Rybalchenko ◽  
Eduard Ryzhkov ◽  
Oleksandr Kosychenko
Keyword(s):  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Economic Security

Economic expertise as a tool to counter the shadow economy

2021 ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
С.В. Банк ◽  
В.Ф. Вакуленко
Keyword(s):  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Large Percentage ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Public Finances ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Current State ◽  
Almost All

Теневая экономика проникает практически во все экономические сферы жизнедеятельности общества. Она включает в себя различные экономические отношения, которые находятся за рамками закона в областях производства, потребления, обмена и распределения. Воспрепятствование теневой экономике, предстающей одной из базовых угроз экономической безопасности страны, есть необычайно актуальное явление в настоящее время. Современное состояние сектора теневой экономики в России весьма динамично развивается, что влечет за собой негативное воздействие на социально-экономическое положение государства. В основном, это относится к представителям малого и среднего бизнеса, который занимается предоставлением услуг и производством разнообразных товаров. Актуальность избранной тематики заключается в том, что сейчас в России большой процент теневых доходов, тогда, как эти деньги могли быть направлены на становление и развитие МСП, особенно во времена обостренной пандемии, что позволило бы минимизировать экономическую напряженность и нарастить результативность государственных финансов. The shadow economy penetrates almost all economic spheres of society. It includes various economic relations that are outside the scope of the law in the areas of production, consumption, exchange and distribution. The obstruction of the shadow economy, which appears to be one of the basic threats to the economic security of the country, is an extremely relevant phenomenon at the present time. The current state of the shadow economy sector in Russia is developing very dynamically, which entails a negative impact on the socio-economic situation of the state. This mainly applies to representatives of small and medium-sized businesses that provide services and produce a variety of goods. The relevance of the chosen topic lies in the fact that now there is a large percentage of shadow income in Russia, while this money could be used for the formation and development of SMEs, especially during times of an acute pandemic, which would minimize economic tension and increase the effectiveness of public finances.

The shadow economy and economic security of the state

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasiliy Dadalko ◽  
Vladimir Avdiyskiy ◽  
Nikolay Sinyavskiy
Keyword(s):  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Educational Standard ◽  
State Educational ◽  
Complex Methods ◽  
Methods Of Control

The manual is prepared according to the program of the same name. The origins and conditions of formation of the shadow economy structures, the reasons for their widespread prevalence in the current economic conditions are considered. Methods for assessing the scale of this phenomenon are given, Complex methods of control over the shadow economy and its control. The appendices contain data on the state of crime in recent years, a number of normative documents, as well as materials for practical exercises. It meets the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education of the latest generation. For students of higher educational institutions, studying in the direction of "Economics". It is of interest to specialists in the field of economic security of the state.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF THE SHADOW ECONOMY ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuliia Romanovska ◽  
Lily Strapachuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
High Inflation ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

The article considers the approaches to the interpretation of the category "shadow economy", which causes a variety of approaches to assessing the impact of the shadow economy on the socio-economic development of Ukraine. The spread of the pandemic and the complication of economic conditions, formed as a result of the introduction of forced restrictive measures, have led to the growth of the shadow economy in Ukraine. The index of shadowing of the economic sphere in relation to the inflation index and the level of the state budget deficit has been studied. The factors that led to the shadowing of the economy and caused the growth of the share of the shadow sector in the economy of Ukraine are highlighted. The main components of shadow employment are identified. Business entities operating in the shadow sector have significantly more competitive advantages and much higher efficiency than legally operating businesses. As a result, such enterprises are an obstacle to the flow of funds to the budgets of all levels of the country, and as a consequence, have a negative impact on socio-economic development in general. In recent years, state budget expenditures have been growing too slowly, which indicates a high level of shadowing of the economy in conditions of high inflation and, consequently, negatively affects the socio-economic security of society. Budget expenditures are closely linked to public policy, which allows the state to curb the level of economic shadowing through measures to reform relevant areas. It is investigated that the State budget expenditures grow too slowly, which indicates a high level of shadowing of the economy in conditions of high inflation. The paper substantiates the reasons for the growth of the shadow economy and identifies the main measures to reduce shadow employment, the manifestations of which are the deformation of social and economic institutions of the state. The de-shadowing of the economy provides citizens with the right to social protection, in the form of social guarantees in case of unemployment, temporary incapacity for work, accidents or occupational diseases during official work, pensions, etc.

scholarly journals State of shadow economic activity in Russian regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Olga M. Lizina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Its Regions ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
The Russian Federation

Introduction. The level of the shadow economy is important for the development of any state, identifying the goals and priorities of its development. The shadow economy in Russia is the leading one among the problems that destroy the state system and pose a serious threat to national economic security. Materials and Methods. To identify the state of the shadow economy in the Russian Federation in the context of its regions, the tax approach was used, on the basis of which the GRP indicators and components were analyzed. Results. A comparison of statistical data with those provided by the Federal Tax Service made it possible to identify the scale of the shadow economy in Russian regions over the period from 2007 to 2018. An analysis of the data showed that from 2007 to 2009. there was a decrease in the level of the shadow economy, and, since 2009, its growth has been noted in most regions. Conclusion. The presence of unaccounted economic activity in all Russian regions poses a threat not only to the economic security of individual regions but also to the safe and sustainable development of the entire state. Analysis of the state of the shadow economy in Russian regions showed the unevenness of its development in different regions. To conduct an effective policy of countering shadow economic processes, it is important to identify their scale and take regional characteristics into account.

scholarly journals Development of an innovative methodology of research of systems on an example of a shadow economy as an invariant of system of economic security of state

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4(60)) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Tatiana Yegorova-Gudkova ◽  
Maksim Bojko ◽  
Yurii Neustroiev ◽  
Oleg Khostash ◽  
Li Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Entropy ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Golden Section ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Relative Information ◽  
Safety Studies ◽  
The Law ◽  
System Calculation ◽  
Theory Of Complexity

The object of research is the shadow economy as structural component (invariant) of economic security of state on example of Ukraine. The level of shadowing of Ukrainian economy requires improvement of both: the system of indicators and mechanism of influence on the level of shadowing on the basis of using of fundamental constants of mathematics of harmony and principle of structural harmony of systems. Under research, fundamental provisions and methods of the theory of safety studies, economic theory, theories of systems and structural harmony of systems, institutionalism, transdisciplinary nature were used. The theme of management of the system of economic security of the state is investigated from various scientific positions of classical science. At the same time, practically ignores the theory of synergetic, which is the synthesis of transdisciplinary approach, price approach, classical theory of systems, structural harmony of systems, theory of fractals and attractors and other components of theory of complexity. Obviously, any system has metric characteristics inherent. The most widespread math constant found in nature is the Phidias number (Golden section). Meаsure is the most important component of all and any knowledge, without it any description of processes and phenomena will be incorrect. The law of measures, or the law of proportional distribution with its derivatives can be defined as law of projecting and organizing sustainable systems at all levels of hierarchical management. The structure of the system is the most conservative characteristic of it as opposed to the state of the system. The properties of the system as a whole are determined not only the properties of its individual elements, but also the properties of the structure of the system as whole. They depend on the existence of the system. The existence of the system retains these parameters in the process of adapting the system to external conditions and thus maintains the existence of the system itself. Matching the metric quality system of economic security of the state and obtaining a conclusion on its stability and abilities to self-organization under the conditions of shadowing of the economy can be carried out by comparison. It is carried out using attractors representing a recurrent number of gold sections: 0.500 ...; 0.618 ...; 0.682 ...; 0.725, as well as – distractors: 0.5698 ...; 0.6540 ...; 0.7053. An integral indicator characterizing the state of any system is the relative information entropy by Shannon. Entropy testing of the system (calculation of relative information entropy) is a logical component of the innovative model of system research.

SHADOW ECONOMY AS THREAT OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE STATE

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
A. A. Burmistrova ◽  
◽  
I. S. Kondrashova ◽  
N. K. Rodionova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State

scholarly journals ESTABLISHING THE RATIO OF CONCEPTS OF COUNTERACTION TO LEGALIZATION (LAUNDERING) OF ILLEGALLY-OBTAINED INCOME AND COUNTERACTION TO THE SHADOW ECONOMY: THE IMPORTANCE FOR DETERMINING PERFORMANCE INDICATORS OF THE EUROPEAN INTEGRATION PROCESSES

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olha Tylchyk ◽  
Olena Dragan ◽  
Olena Nazymko
Keyword(s):  
Money Laundering ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
International Standards ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Terrorist Financing ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Legal Concepts

The vast majority of reports from governments of the European Union member states and applicants for such membership contain a separate provision on ensuring their effectiveness in the system of combating money laundering and terrorist financing, adherence to the requirements of leading international groups and organizations for such measures. In particular, the assessment of compliance with the 40 Recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) on combating money laundering and counteraction to terrorist financing, conducted in Ukraine in 2017 and ended with the relevant report of the Committee of Experts of the Council of Europe MONEYVAL (Report, 2018), is systematically evaluated. The mentioned monitoring body of the Council of Europe assesses, in particular, compliance with the main international standards of organizational, technical, and legal provision of counteraction actors in the respective country, making emphasis on the fact that corruption and illegal (shadow) economic activity (and, according to a well-founded author’s approach – “shadowing of the economy” – Tylchyk, 2017) are the main threats (risks) of money laundering (Report, 2018). Today it is possible to state the awareness of the need to introduce generally accepted standards into the practice of special subjects of providing economic security, although in the absence of a single vision of their place in the overall system of subjects of national security. At the same time, there is a significant complication regarding the gradual, system, and systematic nature of this activity, which is determined by the aggravation of social tension in society, external aggression, features of the formation of domestic doctrine and legislation traditionally oriented towards the application of the maximally defined concepts, at the same time, to date contain ambiguous provisions as to the content, in particular, the concept of illegally-obtained income, which does not coincide with that specified in the mentioned Standards and other international documents. The above stipulates the urgency to search for optimal ways to eliminate these inconsistencies, which lead to real hampering activities related to providing a counteraction to the legalization (laundering) of illegally-obtained income, in order to secure not only the national interests of Ukraine but also of the entire world. Methodology. The solution of the set purpose is realized using the cognitive potential of the system of philosophical, general scientific, and special methods. Analysis and synthesis allowed identifying the signs of illegally-obtained income, shadow economy, fight against the shadowing of the economy, and forming the latter concept. Methods of grammatical review and interpretation of legal rules helped to identify gaps and other shortcomings of legislation on problems of providing counteraction to the legalization (laundering) of illegally-obtained income, to develop proposals for its improvement, in particular regarding the features of defining the meaning of the concept of “illegally-obtained income” in domestic law field, the correlation of this concept and other economic and legal concepts. The comparative legal method allowed determining the development directions for domestic statutory acts in order to bring them in line with the generally accepted European standards. Practical implications. The level of shadowing of the Ukrainian economy, as well as many other countries of the world, requires the introduction of effective, timely, and consistent measures, in particular, to ensure control over the mentioned processes and create conditions for minimizing the possibilities of legalization (laundering) of illegally-obtained income by the efforts of the system of subjects of providing national (including economic) security to counteract the shadowing of the economy, for which it is necessary to formulate uniform unambiguous basic concepts that are “legalization (laundering) of illegally-obtained income”, “counteraction to the economic shadowing”, which determine the actual direction of the activities of these subjects and correlate the use of appropriate complex measures and facilities.

scholarly journals Mathematical models of unshadowing the wages

2018 ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Olesia Martyniuk ◽  
Stepan Popina
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
High Level ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

The article addresses a social and economic phenomenon of shadow economy, which is typical for many countries and may result in a macroeconomic imbalance. The latter hinders the sustainable growth of the economy and leads to state budget losses. Shadow economy is penetrating into almost all sectors of the national economy. As shown in the paper, a high level of shadow economy is a threat to the national economic security of the country and a cause of declining its competitiveness. The findings confirm that measuring the impact of some factors of shadow economy on the economic security of the country is quite difficult. However, there are some factors for which mathematical models can be built to describe a correlation between economic indicators and a certain factor of shadow economy. Since salary expenses constitute a significant portion of enterprise’s basic expenses, it is important to build mathematical models for calculating the correlation between shadow salaries and tax rates. Thus, the purpose of the article is to examine mathematical models of the correlation between official and shadow salaries and tax rates. The developed mathematical models demonstrate that a reduction of tax rates is followed by changes in a shadow part of salaries. The article describes a number of cases when there are no changes in salaries and tax revenues, as well as cases of pay increase. The analysis finally suggests ways to increase salaries and techniques to de-shadow salaries. The authors use general scientific methods of generalization, comparison, analysis, and the method of mathematical modeling.

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