scholarly journals Wall Following Control System with PID Control and Ultrasonic Sensor for KRAI 2018 Robot

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Muhamad Hamam Iqbal ◽  
Wahyu Sapto Aji
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Measurement Error ◽  
Pid Control ◽  
Ultrasonic Sensor ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Trial And Error Method ◽  
Error Method ◽  
Wall Following

Indonesian Abu Robot Contest (KRAI) in 2018 with the theme "Throwing a Blessing Ball". The main purpose of this robot is to be able to navigate automatically in an area that is bordered by walls to complete the mission. The main problem with the robot is the navigation system. The application of PID control in the wall following system has been able to make robot movements smooth, responsive, and fast. In this study, PID control aims to smooth the movement of the robot while walking along the wall in the race arena. The PID parameter is obtained from the results of tuning with the trial and error method, the values of KP = 3, KI = 0, and KD = 5. At the PWM 150 set point the value of the ultrasonic sensor distance reading to the object in the form of a wall with an average error of 4.4. cm. At the PWM 200 set point the value of the ultrasonic sensor distance reading to the object in the form of a wall with an average error of 0.4 cm. At the PWM 250 set point the value of the ultrasonic sensor distance reading to the object in the form of a wall with an average error of 0.8 cm. This error does not have an effect on the performance of the wall following system, because the system only uses the distance value reading data with a decimal value in front of the comma. So it can be concluded that the wall following system which is designed using ultrasonic sensors with measurement error that occurs is zero.

scholarly journals Effect of Closed and Opened the Door to Temperature on PID-Based Baby Incubator with Kangaroo Mode

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
Vanda Catur Kirana ◽  
Dwi Herry Andayani ◽  
Andjar Pudji ◽  
Aziza Hannouch
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Control System ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Pid Control ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Air Distribution ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Trial And Error Method ◽  
Error Method

The uneven distribution of the baby incubator temperature can cause the temperature in the baby incubator to be different at each point. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the door closed and opened to the temperature at each point of sensor placement that has been determined. The study was conducted as an experimental research design. In this experiment, an Incu Analyzer comparison was used as a calibrator unit, a baby skin temperature thermistor sensor, and four LM35 sensors for baby incubator room temperature with one LM35 sensor as a PID control system carried out by trial-and-error method. Based on the results of measurements was made with the design, when the chamber is open, it produces an average error value of T1 4.083%, T2 6.06%, T3 3.78%, T4 4.88%, and T5 1.48%, while when the chamber is closed, it produces an average error value T1 0.75. %, T2 0.88%, T3 1.15%, T4 0.74%, and T5 0.87%. Measurement of skin temperature using a thermometer has an average error value of 1.1%. The results showed that uneven heat transfer, lack of air distribution, different sensor placements at each point, and non-standard chamber sizes were factors that were uneven at each point. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the use of a working system on this device can be implemented to control the temperature of the baby incubator by knowing the temperature distribution at each point

scholarly journals Analisis Penerapan Kendali Otomatis berbasis PID terhadap pH Larutan

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
FEBRIAN HADIATNA ◽  
ALFI DZULFAHMI ◽  
DECY NATALIANA
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Pi Controller ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Control Test ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Trial And Error Method ◽  
Nutrient Solutions ◽  
Error Method

ABSTRAK Nilai pH pada larutan nutrisi tanaman hidroponik merupakan salah satu parameter penting agar tumbuhan berkembang dengan baik. Salah satu metode pengendali otomatis adalah menggunakan pengendali PID. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan sistem pengendali pH larutan nutrisi menggunakan PID. Proses pengendalian diatur oleh larutan pH up dan larutan pH down. Pengujian pengendali PID terdiri dari pengujian pengendali Propotional (P), pengendali Propotional-Inrtegral (PI), dan Propotional-Integral-Derivative (PID). Hasil pengujian dengan menggunakan metode tunning trial and error diperoleh hasil pengendali Propotional menghasilkan respon lebih baik dengan nilai Kp=1, hasil yang didapat sistem tidak mengalami overshoot/undershoot dengan waktu yang dibutuhkan mencapai titik kesetimbangan di setpoint yaitu 126 detik. Agar sistem terjaga dinilai setpointnya sistem pengendali akan bereaksi terhadap perubahan error, sehingga memerlukan lebih banyak larutan pH up dan pH down. Kata kunci : Hidroponik, pH, Arduino, kendali PID. ABSTRACT The pH value of hydroponic-plants nutrient solution is one of the important parameters for plants to grow up well. This study aims to analyze the application of a system to control the pH of nutrient solutions using PID which is controlled by a pH up solution and a pH down solution. PID controller testing consists of Propotional (P) control test, Propotional-Inrtegral (PI) controller, and Propotional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller. The test results obtained using the tunning trial and error method obtained a Propotional controller result have a better response with the value Kp=1, the system does not overshoot / undershoot. the time needed to reach a stable value at setpoint is 126 seconds. so that the system is maintained at its set point the control system will react to error changes, that is why it requires more pH up liquid and the pH liquid down. Keywords : Hydroponic, pH, Arduino, PID controller.

Research for Springback of CNC Frame Cool Bending

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Pei-yong Li ◽  
Jiang-shan Xue ◽  
Yong-qing Zhou ◽  
Cheng-fang Wang ◽  
Yun-sheng Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Control System ◽  
Control Parameter ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Regression Function ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Computer Numeric Control ◽  
Trial And Error Method ◽  
Error Method

Springback is the key technique for the control of the computer numeric control (CNC) frame bender. Research had been done for the springback of frame cool bend. This paper proposed the regression analysis results with samples of frame bend production recorded in the shipyard. The characteristics of the frame bending with trial-and-error method had been analyzed. Based on the regression function of the sample, this paper proposed a forming control method by excess bending and the amount of control parameter can be calculated with the regression function. In this way, one or two operations were needed to achieve the acceptable shape of the section. This method can increase the efficiency of frame bend production obviously. A new control system had been proposed with this control method, the system had been applied in the frame bender in shipyard, and the production efficiency had been increased effectively.

scholarly journals Analysis and Simulation of PI and PID Control Systems Using Xcos Scilab

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-116
Author(s):  
Edi Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Pid Control ◽  
System Simulation ◽  
Tuning Method ◽  
System Output ◽  
Trial And Error Method ◽  
Response Method ◽  
Motor Model ◽  
Error Method

Research has been conducted to analysis and simulation of PI and PID control systems using Xcos-Scilab. It focused on the constant value of kp, ki, and kd in the P, PI and PID control system simulation. The system output was set into a step signal so it will be analyzed with transient response method. For comparison, the PID control system with the Ziegler-Nichols tuning method was also used. It has been done in order to find out whether the Trial and error method is more appropriate to use in the in the PID control system simulation  or  not.  The  plant  used  is  the  Servo  Motor  Model  with  transfer  function  . The results from the analysis of the variation of simulated control system constants, the best parameters are: P (P variation): Kp = 7, PI (P Variation): Kp = 8; Ki = 2, PI (I Variation): Kp = 5; Ki = 5, PID (P Variation): Kp = 60; Ki = 5; Kd = 2, PID (I Variation): Kp = 50; Ki = 1; Kd = 5, PID (D Variation): Kp = 50; Ki = 10; Kd = 2.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF PID PARAMETERS BASED ON PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION FOR BALL AND BEAM SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Haytem Ali ◽  
Abdulgani Albagul ◽  
Alhade Algitta
Keyword(s):  
Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
Control System ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Particle Swarm ◽  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Beam Control ◽  
Trial And Error Method ◽  
Error Method

This paper introduces the application of an optimization technique, known as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to the problem of tuning the Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller for a linearized ball and beam control system. After describing the basic principles of the Particle Swarm Optimization, the proposed method concentrates on finding the optimal solution of PID controller in the cascade control loop of the Ball and Beam Control System. Ball and Beam control system tends to balance a ball on a particular position on the beam as defined by the user. The efficiency of Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm for tuning the controller will be compared with a classical method, Trial and Error method. The comparison is based on the time response performance. The two tuning methods have been developed by simulation study using Matlab\ m-file software. The evaluations show that Evolutionary method Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm gives a much better response than trial and error method.

CONTEXTUAL SUBTEXT INFORMATION OF A FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEXT: HERMENEUTIC APPROACH

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (30) ◽  
pp. 75-87
Author(s):  
Lidiya Derbenyova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Transmission Of Information ◽  
Hermeneutic Approach ◽  
Trial And Error Method ◽  
Problems Of Translation ◽  
Error Method ◽  
Language Text

The article focuses on the problems of translation in the field of hermeneutics, understood as a methodology in the activity of an interpreter, the doctrine of the interpretation of texts, as a component of the transmission of information in a communicative aspect. The relevance of the study is caused by the special attention of modern linguistics to the under-researched issues of hermeneutics related to the problems of transmission of foreign language text semantics in translation. The process of translation in the aspect of hermeneutics is regarded as the optimum search and decision-making process, which corresponds to a specific set of functional criteria of translation, which can take many divergent forms. The translator carries out a number of specific translation activities: the choice of linguistic means and means of expression in the translation language, replacement and compensation of nonequivalent units. The search for the optimal solution itself is carried out using the “trial and error” method. The translator always acts as an interpreter. Within the boundaries of a individual utterance, it must be mentally reconstructed as conceptual situations, the mentally linguistic actions of the author, which are verbalized in this text.

The determination of units in totally real cubic fields

1960 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Godwin
Keyword(s):  
Trial And Error ◽  
Integral Lattice ◽  
Cubic Field ◽  
Cubic Fields ◽  
Trial And Error Method ◽  
Totally Real ◽  
Rational Integral ◽  
Fundamental Units ◽  
Error Method

The determination of a pair of fundamental units in a totally real cubic field involves two operations—finding a pair of independent units (i.e. such that neither is a power of the other) and from these a pair of fundamental units (i.e. a pair ε1; ε2 such that every unit of the field is of the form with rational integral m, n). The first operation may be accomplished by exploring regions of the integral lattice in which two conjugates are small or else by factorizing small primes and comparing different factorizations—a trial-and-error method, but often a quick one. The second operation is accomplished by obtaining inequalities which must be satisfied by a fundamental unit and its conjugates and finding whether or not a unit exists satisfying these inequalities. Recently Billevitch ((1), (2)) has given a method, of the nature of an extension of the first method mentioned above, which involves less work on the second operation but no less on the first.

MXene: a promising photocatalyst for water splitting

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (29) ◽  
pp. 11446-11452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhonglu Guo ◽  
Jian Zhou ◽  
Linggang Zhu ◽  
Zhimei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Photocatalytic Water Splitting ◽  
Arduous Task ◽  
Trial And Error Method ◽  
Error Method

Identifying suitable photocatalysts for photocatalytic water splitting to produce hydrogen fuelviasunlight is an arduous task by the traditional trial-and-error method.

scholarly journals Measuring the Deformation of a Flat Die by Applying a Laser Beam on a Reflecting Surface

2009 ◽  
Vol 424 ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Assaad ◽  
H.J.M. Geijselaers ◽  
K.E. Nilsen
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Element Calculation ◽  
Extrusion Dies ◽  
Cheap Method ◽  
Trial And Error Method ◽  
Reflecting Surface ◽  
Error Method

The design of extrusion dies depends on the experience of the designer. After the die has been manufactured, it is tested during an extrusion process and machined several times until it works properly. The die is designed by a trial and error method which is expensive interms of time consumption and the amount of scrap. Research is going on to replace the trial pressing with finite element simulations that concentrate on material and tool analysis. In order to validate the tool simulations, an experiment is required for measuring the deformation of the die. Measuring the deformation of the die is faced with two main obstacles: high temperature and little free space. To overcome these obstacles a method is tried, which works by applying a laser beam on a reflecting surface. This cheap method is simple, robust and gives good results. This paper describes measuring the deformation of a flat die used to extrude a single U shape profile. In addition, finite element calculation of the die is performed. Finally, a comparison is performed between experimental and numerical results.

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