scholarly journals Influence of methods and rates of fertilizer application on winter wheat productivity by direct seeding on ordinary chernozem

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. N. Shapovalova ◽  
◽  
A. A. Voropaeva ◽  
Ye. I. Godunova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
No Till ◽  
Direct Sowing ◽  
Methods Of Application

Purpose: to study the influence of methods and rates of mineral fertilizers on the winter wheat yield and grain quality by direct sowing on corn on ordinary chernozem under conditions of unstable moisture in Stavropol Territory. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in 2014–2019 in a three-factor experiment in the fields of the North Caucasus Federal Scientific Agrarian Center. We studied the effect of pre-sowing fertilization and nitrogen fertilization (N52) on wheat productivity with two tillage technologies: with the recommended tillage system and with direct sowing (No-Till). Pre-sowing fertilization options: 1) without fertilizers; 2) N6P26; 3) N12P52; 4) N24P104; 5) N52P52; 6) N52P52K52; 7) N52; 8) N104P52K52. Results. Direct sowing had an advantage over the recommended technology in the reserves of productive moisture in the soil layer of 0–100 cm during the sowing period. In the No-Till technology, the average yield increase from pre-sowing fertilizer was within 0.78–3.02 t/ha (28–109 %), from nitrogen fertilization it was 0.55–1.85 t/ha (15–48 %) and when both methods of application are combined – 1.47–4.02 t/ha (53–145 %). The highest and most stable increments over the years (3.07–4.56 t/ha, or 101–219 % to the control) were obtained when using the maximum rate of pre-sowing fertilizer with nitrogen fertilization – N104P52K52 + N52. The increase in grain yield per unit of active fertilizer substance was 15.5 kg. Mass fraction of crude gluten in grain exceeded the control by 3.0–7.9 %. The application of this fertilizer dose helped to equalize the yield between technologies. Conclusions. The results showed that in order to obtain the greatest agronomic effect in the third year of direct sowing of winter wheat on maize, the predominant application of nitrogen fertilizer in a total dose exceeding the dose of phosphorus and potassium by 2–3 times is required. Correctly selected methods of application and fertilizers rates prevent a decrease in wheat yield when switching from the recommended tillage technology to direct sowing.

scholarly journals YIELD AND QUALITY OF WINTER WHEAT GRAIN ON THE BACKGROUND OF FERTILIZERS AND DIRECT SOWING ON ORDINARY CHERNOZEM UNDER STAVROPOL CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (24) ◽  
pp. 183-194
Author(s):  
N.N. Shapovalova ◽  
◽  
A.A. Voropaeva ◽  
N.A. Galushko ◽  
E.A. Menkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Preceding Crop ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
No Till ◽  
Direct Sowing

The problem of reducing crop yields during the transition from classical technology of cultivation to the technology without tillage (no-till) can be solved by the most effective use of fertilizers. The purpose of the research was to study the influence of mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain under direct sowing in the Stavropol Territory. Studies were carried out in 2015-2019 on the experimental field of the North Caucasus Federal Agricultural Research Centre. Winter wheat was sown using two cultivation techniques for growing crops with and without disturbing the soil through tillage. Preceding crops – pea and sunflower. Fertilizers were added to the rows simultaneously with the Triticum vulgare L. sowing; topsoil dressing was carried out using N52 according to the method of splitting dividers. Options (amount of fertilizers added to the rows): 1. Without fertilizers; 2. N6Р26; 3. N12Р52; 4. N24Р104; 5. N52Р52; 6. N52Р52К52; 7. N52; 8. N104Р52К52. In the third year of direct sowing (2017–2019), winter wheat showed high responsiveness to the addition of all doses of fertilizers in rows. The yield increase in case of pea being preceding crop varied between 0.76-3.06 t/ha; sunflower – 0.51–2.75 t/ha. N104P52K5 contributed to the highest and most stable yield – 6.89 t/ha and 5.92 t/ha after pea and sunflower, respectively. The increase from 1 kg of the active substance of the fertilizer was 14.7 and 13.2 kg of grain. The use of this dose of fertilizer minimized crop losses compared to the first year of wheat cultivation using no-till farming and classical agricultural technique. At the same time, the 3rd and 4th class grain was formed. Higher content of raw gluten compared to other doses of fertilizers was noted likewise: 1.6–9.8 % (preceding crop – pea) and 1.1–11.5 % (preceding crop – sunflower) more. Nitrogen fertilization played a significant role in increasing yields only after sunflower (the average increase was 0.21–0.86 t/ha).

scholarly journals Weed Flora and Soil Seed Bank Composition as Affected by Tillage System in Three-Year Crop Rotation

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Feledyn-Szewczyk ◽  
Janusz Smagacz ◽  
Cezary A. Kwiatkowski ◽  
Elżbieta Harasim ◽  
Andrzej Woźniak
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
No Till ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Direct Sowing

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest around agricultural science and practice in conservation tillage systems that are compatible with sustainable agriculture. The aim of this study was to assess the qualitative and quantitative changes in weed flora and soil seed bank under reduced tillage and no-till (direct sowing) in comparison with traditional ploughing. In the crop rotation: pea/rape—winter wheat—winter wheat the number and dry weight of weeds increased with the simplification of tillage. The seed bank was the largest under direct sowing and about three times smaller in traditional ploughing. Under direct sowing, most weed seeds were accumulated in the top soil layer 0–5 cm, while in the ploughing system most weed seeds occurred in deeper layers: 5–10 and 10–20 cm. In the reduced and no-till systems, a greater percentage of perennial and invasive species, such as Conyza canadensis L., was observed. The results show that it is possible to maintain weed infestation in the no-till system at a level that does not significantly affect winter wheat yield and does not pose a threat of perennial and invasive weeds when effective herbicide protection is applied.

INFLUENCE OF THE METHOD OF PROCESSING LIGHT-GRAY FOREST SOILS ON THE CLOVER LAYER OF THE FIRST YEAR OF USE ON THE YIELD OF WINTER WHEAT OF « MOSKOVSKAYA 39 VARIETY» IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE NIZHNY NOVGOROD REGION

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Е. V. Mikhalev ◽  
◽  
N.А. Borisov ◽  
N. А. Mineeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
First Year ◽  
Traditional Technology ◽  
No Till ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield

The research aim is to identify the most energy-saving and cost-effective technology for winter wheat cultivation. The maximum moisture content of soil was recorded when it was processed using Mini-till technology – from 17.2% to 17.9%, and the lowest - with traditional technology – from 15.7% to 16.4%. The lowest soil density with traditional winter wheat technology is both on the background with fertilizer (1.18%) and on the background without fertilizer (1.21%). The lowest contamination of crops with traditional technology without mineral fertilizers (42 pcs/м2). With the Mini-till technology, the total blockage increased to 51pcs/м2, and with the No-till technology, it was maximum- 128 pcs/м2. Against the mineral fertilizers, the same tendency of total blockage-from – from 40 pcs/м2 to 132 pcs/м2, respectively. With No-till technology, the total plant damage increased from 17.0 % to 14.6 %, with traditional treatment – from 12.4% to 10.1%, and with Mini-till technology-from 12.7% to 9.6%. The yield of winter wheat when using traditional plowing against the background of mineral fertilizer is 3.59 t / ha, and against the background without mineral fertilizer – 2.24 t / ha. The yield of Mini-till technology for mineral background is 3.13 t / ha, and without fertilizers-1.81 t / ha. With the No-till technology, the winter wheat yield is 1.69 t/ha, and without fertilizers – 1.11 t/ha. The highest level of profitability with Mini-till technology against the background of mineral fertilizers-73.2%.

scholarly journals Content of macronutrients in the plant residues of winter wheat while minimizing primary tillage

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 02005
Author(s):  
Dmitry Dubovik ◽  
Elena Dubovik ◽  
Alexander Shumakov ◽  
Bogdan Roik
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Primary Tillage ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Negative Balance ◽  
Direct Sowing

As a result of the research, the influence of primary tillage practices (plowing, combined tillage, surface tillage, direct sowing) was studied on the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in plant residues in the soil, in the straw and grain of winter wheat, under the conditions of chernozem soils of Kursk Region. The balance of macronutrients coming from plant residues was calculated. It was found that in the spring period in the soil layer 0-20 cm under winter wheat there was more undecayed plant residues when subsoil practices of primary tillage were used. At the same time, as the depth of tillage decreased, a large mass of plant residues was concentrated in the upper 0-10 cm layer of the soil. By the harvest period, there was an increase in the amount of plant residues in the soil by 2.96-4.62 t/ha. At the same time, the highest indicators were observed in case of plowing and direct sowing 4.62 and 4.53 t/ha, respectively. The highest reserves of nitrogen and potassium in undecayed plant residues under winter wheat in the soil were found when using direct sowing (36.0 kg/ha), those of phosphorus when plowing (10.5 kg/ha) was used in the soil layer of 010 cm. The highest mass of winter wheat straw was formed against the background of plowing (6.2 t/ha), while the content of phosphorus and potassium in it was the highest (0.26% and 1.10%, respectively). The highest yield of winter wheat grain was formed against the background of plowing (4.40 t/ha), the lowest yield was with direct sowing (3.26 t/ha). Without the use of mineral fertilizers, a negative balance of macronutrients was formed.

scholarly journals Number of ecological-trophic groups of microorganisms depending on technology of winter wheat cultivation on ordinary chernozem of the Central Caucasus

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
E. A. Menkina ◽  
N. N. Shapovalovа ◽  
A. A. Voropayeva
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Trophic Groups ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Central Caucasus

Aim. To study the influence of cultivation technology on the number of ecological and trophic groups of microorganisms and the yield of winter wheat on the common chernozem of the Central Caucasus.Material and Methods. The number of microorganisms was determined by counting colonies on dense nutrient media according to generally accepted methods.Results. The number of microorganisms that transform organic and mineral forms of nitrogen and soil yeast was determined, depending on meteorological conditions, soil cultivation and fertilizers. Mineral fertilizers had the most significant effect on the activity of the soil microbiota. In years of varying moisture availability, fertilizers improved the nutrient regime of the soil, which contributed to increased plant development, microflora activity and increased winter wheat yield. In both the technologies applied, the largest number of all groups of microorganisms studied was observed when applying a complete mineral fertilizer -N52P52K52 .This dose of fertilizer also provided the highest yield of winter wheat - 6.07-6.33 t/ha. With a balanced plant nutrition regime (N52P52K52), the processes of decomposition and mineralization of plant residues proceeded at the same rate in both technologies. At the same time, without the use of fertilizers, the total activity of microorganisms in the no-till technology exceeded the minimum technology by 23.4х105 columnforming units, which indicates the beginning of the process of self-healing of the soil in the third year after the transition to direct sowing of crops.Conclusion. The number of microorganisms is one of the most sensitive indicators of the direction of complex biochemical processes, allowing us to assess the combined influence of all factors on the overall state of the soil microbiocenosis.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF DOSES AND TERMS OF APPLICATION OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON THE FORMATION OF WINTER WHEAT YIELD

2020 ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
R.А. Khakimov ◽  
◽  
S.А Nikiforova ◽  
N.V. Khakimova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Close Relationship

In 2016-2019, research was conducted on the experimental field of the Ulyanovsk research Institute for the purpose of determining the effectiveness of starting doses of mineral fertilizers, as well as nitrogen fertilizing on the productivity and quality of winter wheat grain Marathon. Studies have established the optimal lead time of nitrogen fertilization and doses of mineral fertilizers. Weather conditions over the years of research were contrasting, which allowed us to assess the responsiveness of winter wheat to mineral fertilizers in conditions of different moisture availability. The most effective options were those with nitrogen fertilization at a dose of 34 kg/ha in the spring period on frozen soil, which allowed to obtain an additional 0.51 t/ha and, conversely, the lowest-in the autumn period (+0.16 t / ha). The maximum yield of winter wheat (3.72 t / ha) is formed during the seeding with the simultaneous introduction of 45.5 kg/ha of complex fertilizers in the rows against fractional application of ammonium nitrate in spring during tillering and booting of plants in the amount of 34 kg/ha and top dressing in the phase of earning with urea at a dose of 15 kg/ha. Correlation analysis showed a positive close relationship between the elements of the structure of the winter wheat crop depending on different doses and methods of applying mineral fertilizers and nitrogen fertilizers (r=0.82-0.96). The highest content of protein (on average 14.1%) and gluten (33.0%) was provided on the control background without use of ordinary fertilizers. The use of complex fertilizers during seeding resulted in a slight decrease of amount of protein (by 14%) and gluten (up to 32.4-32.9%). Nitrogen fertilizer had a greater impact on these indicators.

scholarly journals Bioenergetic Assessment and Economic Efficiency of Predecessors and Fertilizer Systems in the Cultivation of Winter Wheat

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.38) ◽  
pp. 685
Author(s):  
Nikolay Nikolaevich Neshchadim ◽  
Aleksandr Alekseevich Kvashin ◽  
Ksenia Nikolaevna Gorpinchenko ◽  
Yuriy Petrovich Fedulov ◽  
Anatoliy Alekseevich Salfetnikov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
The North

The influence of a type of crop rotation, the predecessor and various doses of mineral fertilizers on the yield of winter wheat was examined. The studies were conducted at the North Kuban Agricultural Experimental Station in two 10-field rotations – grain tillage and grain-grass tillage – in the course of a prolonged stationary experiment. The soil was ordinary chernozem, low in humus, deep, with the humus content in the arable (0-30 cm) soil layer equaling to 3.95-4.00% depending on the nutrient status, the content of mineral nitrogen equaling to 5.9-8.3 mg/kg of soil, and the content of exchangeable potassium equaling to 330-360 mg/kg of soil.It has been established that from the point of view of bioenergetic and economic efficiency, the most favorable predecessors for cultivation of winter wheat should be considered sainfoin and winter wheat, and for the rotation of sainfoin – peas. Maize harvested for grain and sugar beet are more time-consuming and energy-consuming tillage predecessors. Among the applied fertilizer systems, the best economic and bioenergetic indicators were obtained by using medium and higher doses of complete mineral fertilizer.  

scholarly journals The effect of humic substances on winter wheat yield and fertility of ordinary chernozem

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.S. Bezuglova ◽  
E.A. Polienko ◽  
A.V. Gorovtsov ◽  
V.A. Lyhman ◽  
P.D. Pavlov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield

NFLUENCE OF METHODS AND TECHNIQUES OF BASIC PROCESSING ON SOIL MOISTURE, DENSITY OF ADDITION AND YIELD OF PEAS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (21) ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
S.N. Osaulenko ◽  
◽  
V.S. Polous ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
Direct Sowing

Seed peas were sown in 2016-2018 after plowing to a depth of 22-24 cm, as well as with surface (6-8 cm) and zero tillage with the introduction of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N6P26 for the predecessor of mogar (crop sowing). The productive moisture in the 0-100 cm layer before sowing was 167.2 mm when plowing to a depth of 22-24 cm and 158.4 mm-without mechanical tillage. Its content was determined by 18% of the precipitation for November-February and by 2% - the depth of the main tillage. Before harvesting, 64.1 mm of available moisture was preserved on the plowed plots. The density of addition of ordinary chernozem in a layer of 0-30 cm with zero treatment before sowing was 1.15 g / cm3, before harvesting-1.18 g/cm3. This exceeded the con-trol version by 0.07 g/cm3 and 0.03 g/cm3, respectively. The average yield of peas in 2016-2017 was 3.79 t / ha for plowing, 3.71 t / ha for surface treatment (by 6-8 cm), 3.61 t / ha with direct sowing technology, providing a conditional net income 12,9-13,7-14,0 thousand rubles / ha, re-spectively.

scholarly journals Mineral and organic fertilization efficiency in long-term stationary experiments

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 28-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Černý ◽  
J. Balík ◽  
M. Kulhánek ◽  
K. Čásová K ◽  
V. Nedvěd
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Organic Fertilization

In long-term stationary experiments under different soil-climatic conditions, an influence of mineral and organic fertilization on yield of winter wheat, spring barley and potato tubers was evaluated. Statistically significantly lowest grain yields of winter wheat (4.00 t/ha) and spring barley (2.81 t/ha) were obtained in non-fertilized plots at all experimental sites. In the case of potatoes, the lowest yield of dry matter (5.71 t/ha) was recorded in the control plot, but the result was not statistically significant. The manure-fertilized plot gave the average yield of wheat higher by 30%, of barley by 22%. Application of sewage sludge resulted in wheat yield higher by 41% and barley yield higher by 26% over control. On average, application of sewage sludge and manure increased the yield of potatoes by 30% over control. The highest yield was obtained after application of mineral fertilizers; average yield increased by 59, 50 and 36% in winter wheat, spring barley and potatoes, respectively. No statistically significant differences among the plots with mineral fertilizers were observed. At different sites, the yield of studied crops varied; however, the effect of fertilization on yield increments was similar at all experimental sites except for Lukavec. It is the site with the lowest natural soil fertility, and it showed the highest effect of the applied fertilizers.

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