scholarly journals STUDY OF QUANTITATIVE INDICATORS OF EVAPORATION FROM THE SURFACE OF WATER BODIES IN THE KUNDRYUCH’YA RIVER BASIN

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Ponomarenko ◽  
◽  
A. V. Breyeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Surface ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Long Term Conditions ◽  
Contour Map ◽  
Annual Distribution ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
Annual Amount ◽  
Made In

Purpose: analysis of predicted water losses for evaporation from the water surface of the Sokolovskiy reservoir and ponds located on the river Kundryuch’ya, within the boundaries of the investigated site on the territory of the Russian Federation from Rebrikovka to the Sokolovskiy reservoir site and the annual distribution of evaporation depending on the percentage availability. An assessment of the possible impact of quantitative indicators of evaporation on the water supply of the river Kundryuch’ya and Sokolovskiy reservoir was made. Materials and methods: for calculating the amount of precipitation, evaporation and irretrievable losses from the water surface of reservoirs located in the basin of the river Kundryuch’ya upstream the Sokolovskiy reservoir section, the formulas for average long-term conditions, formulas for calculating the volumes of evaporation and nonrecoverable losses at P = 10, 25, 50 and 75 % of supply, as well as a contour map were used. The formulas used and the contour map were taken from the textbook by G. V. Zheleznyakov “Hydrology, Hydrometry and Flow Regulation”. Results: the values of monthly evaporation as a percentage of the annual amount, as well as layers and volumes of evaporation for the Sokolovskiy reservoir are given. It has been determined that the share of nonrecoverable losses from the Sokolovskiy reservoir is 0.87, from the rest of the water bodies is 0.13. The amount of nonrecoverable losses at different levels of availability range from 2.64 million m³ (10 %) to 1.85 million m³ (75 %). Conclusions. The research results served as a basis for making a decision on the liquidation or further operation of the existing water retaining structures. In view of the low values of nonrecoverable losses from water bodies, which have an insignificant effect on the quantitative indicators of runoff, the decision was made in favor of further operation.

scholarly journals Assessment of the implementation of the new forest care rules by the example of Tikhvinsk forestry

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-136
Author(s):  
А.В. Сафонов ◽  
М.А. Крестьянова ◽  
С.А. Суворов ◽  
Д.А. Данилов
Keyword(s):  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Inventory Data ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Forest Inventory Data ◽  
New Forest ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
Qualitative Distinction ◽  
Made In

Рубки ухода за лесом – это комплекс лесохозяйственных мероприятий, направленный на улучшение качественных и количественных показателей древостоя, формирование высокопродуктивных, устойчивых и хозяйственно-ценных насаждений, путем удаления из насаждений больных, поврежденных, фаутных деревьев, а также деревьев нежелательных пород в молодняках, жердняках и средневозрастных дендроцинозах. В работе представлено сравнение нормативных показателей по двум правилам ухода за лесом, основным различием которых является подход к выделению максимально допустимого вырубаемого запаса, основывающегося на анализе абсолютной, для нового норматива, и относительной, для старого, полнот древостоя. Была произведена оценка и сравнение классов товарности, процентов вырубаемого запаса и его распределения по делянкам, с целью выявления различий и особенностей подходов двух рассматриваемых нормативных подходов. По результатам проведенных анализов было выявлено различие данных лесоустройства по реальным качественным и количественным показателям древостоя на большинстве делянок, большой разницей между классами товарности по рассматриваемым нормативам, что в свою очередь ведет к различиям в выходе по запасам деловой и дровяной древесины, а также их качественному различию, и интенсивности изреживания полога, что обуславливается вышеописанными особенностями по выделению максимально допустимого вырубаемого запаса. В связи с вышеизложенным, необходимо разрабатывать региональные нормативы уходов за лесом на базе полученных долговременных наблюдений на постоянных пробных площадях с полным циклом проведённых уходов за лесом и при необходимости вносить коррективы, возможность которых принципиально исключается существующей схемой разработки и введения в действие нормативных документов. Forest thinning is a complex of forestry measures aimed at improving the qualitative and quantitative indicators of the stand, the formation of highly productive, sustainable and economically valuable stands, by removing sick, damaged, fallow trees, as well as trees of undesirable species in young stands, stumps and middle-aged stands. The work presents a comparison of the normative indicators for the two rules of forest maintenance, the main difference of which is the approach to the allocation of the maximum allowable felling stock, based on the analysis of the absolute, for the new standard, and the relative, for the old, completeness of the stand. The evaluation and comparison of classes of marketability, percent of the harvested stock and its distribution across the plots were made in order to identify the differences and peculiarities of the approaches of the two normative approaches under consideration. By results of the carried out analyses it was revealed difference of the forest inventory data to real qualitative and quantitative indicators of a stand on the majority of plots, the big difference between classes of marketability on the considered standards that in turn leads to distinctions in an exit on stocks of business and wood, and as their qualitative distinction, and intensity of thinning of a canopy that is caused by the above-named features on allocation of the maximum allowable cut stock. In connection with the above stated, it is necessary to develop regional norms of forest tending on the basis of received long-term observations on permanent trial areas with a full cycle of conducted forest tending and, if necessary, to make corrections, the possibility of which is fundamentally excluded by the existing scheme of development and introduction of normative documents.

scholarly journals Application of the surface layer energy balance model for calculating of the evaporation from water objects

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Atmospheric Surface Layer ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Main Component

Formulation of the problem. When solving hydrological problems associated with the water balance of water bodies and the possibility of economic use of their water resources, an important problem is the accurate determination of evaporation from the water surface, which is the main component of water losses. Review of previous publications and studies.Currently, many indirect and empirical methods for calculating evaporation from the surface of soil, water and vegetation, developed by domestic and foreign scientists: M.I. Budyko, V.S. Mezentsev, A.R. Konstantinov, N.N. Ivanov, Penman-Monteith and others, are used. Most empirical methods do not have universal applicability, since, in most cases, they cannot take into account the features of various underlying surfaces and hydrometeorological conditions that affect evaporation processes. The only acceptable methods for estimating actual or potential evaporation can only be parametric models based on a numerical solution of the surface heat balance equation. One of such models is the atmospheric surface layer model – model SLEB, created at Odessa State Ecological Environmental University. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to obtain quantitative estimates of changes with evaporation of water surfaces with SLEB model and compare them with the measured and model data of analogous methods obtained by other authors (Ivanova, Penman), for example, a freshwater lake Yalpug. Methods. For research, a parametric energy balance model of the atmospheric surface layer SLEB, which is used standard meteorological information, was used. The main advantage of this model is the high accuracy of determining the heat expenditure for evaporation in the calculation of mass-heat transfer between the underlying surface and the atmosphere at the micro- and mesoscales. The SLEB model is applicable for all types of underlying surfaces characteristic of the territory of Ukraine. Results. The value of evaporation from unit area of the water surface of Lake Yalpug calculating by model SLEB was obtained for the first time taking into account the development of wave formation on the surface of the lake, which changes the hydrodynamic properties of the water surface and the aerodynamics of the air flow. Accounting for the effect of wind waves on the vast lake surface allowed us to obtain results almost equal to the measured evaporation from the pool surface. The results showed that the calculated values of evaporation from the water surface by the methods of Penman and Ivanov overestimate the amount of evaporated moisture compared with the values measured and calculated by the SLEB model. Conclusions. Application of the SLEB model allows to increase the quantitative estimation accuracy of the water balance main component – water losses due to evaporation from the water bodies water surface, which, in turn, can increase the water resources management efficiency of natural water bodies for purpose of their rational use for drinking water supply and land irrigation.

scholarly journals Particularities of vocational education management in the conditions of the modern labor market

2021 ◽  
pp. 1683-1699
Author(s):  
Теtiana Stoychik ◽  
Larysa Serheieva ◽  
Liubov Kravchenko ◽  
Volodymyr Berezinsky ◽  
Viktor Sychenko
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Technical Education ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Education Management ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Vocational Technical Education ◽  
Regional Markets ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
Made In

The research of the modern labor market was made in the article. The  development indicators of its components in dynamics both at the general, and at regional levels were considered and analyzed. Aspects of management of functioning of establishments in professional (vocational-technical) education according to economic inquiries were outlined, during which a decrease of quantitative indicators was revealed, it indicates the weakness of relations between market participant. The factors contributing to the worsening of imbalances between supply and demand were identified. The structural analysis of educational and practical centers as modern regulators of the situation in regional markets is carried out. Mechanisms for managing the balance between vocational (vocational-technical) education and labor market indicators were proposed, which are to implement a system of measures: forecasting the needs of workers for the medium and long term, developing key performance indicators, creating an information system, implementing a procedure for recognizing professional qualifications, flexible and short-term training programs.

scholarly journals Aeration Tank Microbial Aerosols as a Factor of Water Bodies’ Pollution

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Waste Waters ◽  
Domestic Waste ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Microbial Pollution

Aeration impact on aerosols discharge from aeration tanks in the process of domestic waste water treatment has been considered. Waste waters and their aerosols microbial pollution has been shown. New regularities of the temperature, time, and wind velocity on moisture discharge and microbial pollution in the form of aerosols from water surface of the biological treatment aerated facilities have been obtained. The equations that enable to calculate moisture emission from water surface in the process of aeration are presented. Water losses in the form of aerosols in the process of aeration depending on the outside air temperature and wind velocity were determined theoretically and experimentally. The microorganisms specific discharge from an aeration tank equal to 2.144 г/(m2∙s) in terms of coliform species was calculated. The microbial pollution maximal concentration values for various meteorological conditions were determined for performance of standard calculations of microbial discharges with aerosols from aeration tanks. The obtained equations can be used in designing of engineering measures aimed at reduction of the discharged aerosols negative microbial impact on water bodies adjacent to the territories of domestic waste waters biological treatment facilities.

Soil and ecological division into districts of the Baikal region

2018 ◽  
Vol 940 (10) ◽  
pp. 54-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Belozertseva ◽  
A.A. Sorokovoj
Keyword(s):  
Baikal Region ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Soil Cover Structure ◽  
Reflecting Surface ◽  
Heat And Moisture ◽  
Made In

On the basis of long-term researches of soils in the territory of Russia and Mongolia soil and ecological division into districts of the Baikal region is carried out. At division into districts the whole set of an environment of soil formation was considered. On the map of soil and ecological division into districts 13 mountain, mid-mountain, low-mountain taiga, foothill, hollow-valley, forest-steppe and steppe provinces reflecting surface device originality as the ratio of balance of heat and moisture forming a basis to zoning is shown against the background of difficult orography are allocated. In total 42 districts on lithologic-geomorphological features are allocated. In formation of distinctions of a soil cover of these provinces the leading role is played by bioclimatic factors and inside them the lithologic-geomorphological ones. In the view of structural approach of the district they are considered as territories with a certain natural change of several types of the soil cover structure caused by features of a relief and the parent rock. The map is made in the MapInfo program. It is revealed that on ill-defined width zoning of soils the vertical one which has a greater influence on soils of this region is imposed. Soils of the Baikal region are not similar to the soils located at the same latitude of the flat European territory of Russia. Zone soils of this territory are specific and original.

The use of a bespoke website developed for people with dementia and carers: Users’ experiences, perceptions and support needs

Dementia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 147130122110284
Author(s):  
Emma Wolverson ◽  
Caroline White ◽  
Rosie Dunn ◽  
Katie Cunnah ◽  
David Howe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Information ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Website Design ◽  
Long Term Conditions ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Barriers To Use ◽  
Credible Information ◽  
Training And Support ◽  
Design And Methods

Background: Current policy emphasises the role of digital technologies in facilitating the management of long-term conditions. While digital resources have been developed for carers, there has been little attention to their development for people with dementia. The Caregiverspro-MMD website was developed as a joint resource for people with dementia and carers, delivering access to information, informal content, games and peer support. Research Design and Methods: This study explored the experiences of dyads consisting of people with dementia and carers of using the website. Interviews and focus groups were conducted with 43 participants. Findings: Thematic analysis identified 10 subthemes grouped under three superordinate themes which highlight participants’ experiences of and responses to the website functions; important aspects of the website design and delivery; and barriers to use. Discussion: Findings highlight the value of a credible information source which negated the need for arduous online searches, the pleasure associated with playing games and interacting with others online. However, participants were reluctant to share personal information online, preferring to create ‘informal content’ which celebrated everyday life, and were reluctant to ‘friend’ people online who they had not met in person. The importance of training and support to use the website was highlighted. Health problems, lack of interest or difficulties using technology, and time were all identified as barriers to use.

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