Umberto Cassuto as a Critic of the Documentary Hypothesis of the Origin of the Pentateuch

2019 ◽  
pp. 17-37
Author(s):  
Иосиф Александрович Фридман
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Scientific Argumentation ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Bible Studies ◽  
The World ◽  
Biblical Scholar

Статья посвящена творческому наследию выдающегося итальянско-еврейского учёного, историка и библеиста Умберто Кассуто (1883-1951). Его основной вклад в науку о Священном Писании - развёрнутая критика документальной гипотезы происхождения Пятикнижия. Основная часть данной статьи представляет собой изложение воззрений Кассуто на первый из «столпов» документальной гипотезы - употребление в тексте Торы Божественных имён. Автор надеется показать, что, используя строго научные методы, Кассуто даёт вполне правдоподобные альтернативные объяснения тем феноменам, на исключительную правоту собственного объяснения которых с момента возникновения претендует документальная гипотеза. Вместо того чтобы опровергать частные аспекты названной теории, Кассуто, последовательно выступая против самого принципа деления текста Пятикнижия на первоначально независимые друг от друга «источники», фактически предложил в библеистике новую научную парадигму, потенциально претендующую на всеохватность и полную замену документальной гипотезы. В последующей статье на эту же тему автор намеревается продемонстрировать подход У. Кассуто ко второму, третьему, четвёртому и пятому «столпам» документальной гипотезы, а также остановить внимание на рецепции идей Кассуто в мире библеистики. The present article is devoted to the scientific heritage left by a major Jewish academician of Italian descent, historian and biblical scholar Umberto Cassuto (1883-1951). His main contribution to this field consists in large-scale criticism of the Documentary Hypothesis of the origin of the Pentateuch. In the main part of our article the author presents an outline of Cassuto’s views on the first of the five «pillars» onwhich the Documentary Hypothesis rests. The author endeavors to demonstrate that, using strictly scientific argumentation, Cassuto gives quite plausible alternative explanations to such phenomena as the Documentary Hypothesis claims its unique right to explain correctly. Instead of attacking and refuting any particular aspects of the hypothesis, Cassutoconsistently argues against the very principle according to which the Torah is divided among a number of «source texts» perceived to have once been independent of one another. As a matter of fact, U. Cassuto has presented a new scholarly paradigm with a potential that would suffice to make it a full-fledged substitution of the Documentary Hypothesis. In a second article on this topic the author intends to demonstrate Cassuto’s approach to the other four «pillars» of the Documentary Hypothesis as well as to devote special attention to the response that Cassuto’s ideas met in the world of Bible studies.

La transposition profane de l’Exode dans Moïse fiction de Gilles Rozier

2013 ◽  
pp. 174-183
Author(s):  
Piotr Sadkowski
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
The Other ◽  
Jewish Tradition ◽  
Human Being ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Jewish Origin ◽  
French Writer ◽  
The World ◽  
Jewish Writers

Throughout the centuries French and Francophone writers were relatively rarely inspired by the figure of Moses and the story of Exodus. However, since the second half of 20th c. the interest of the writers in this Old Testament story has been on the rise: by rewriting it they examine the question of identity dilemmas of contemporary men. One of the examples of this trend is Moïse Fiction, the 2001 novel by the French writer of Jewish origin, Gilles Rozier, analysed in the present article. The hypertextual techniques, which result in the proximisation of the figure of Moses to the reality of the contemporary reader, constitute literary profanation, but at the same time help place Rozier’s text in the Jewish tradition, in the spirit of talmudism understood as an exchange of views, commentaries, versions and additions related to the Torah. It is how the novel, a new “midrash”, avoids the simple antinomy of the concepts of the sacred and the profane. Rozier’s Moses, conscious of his complex identity, is simultaneously a Jew and an Egyptian, and faces, like many contemporary Jewish writers, language dilemmas, which constitute one of the major motifs analysed in the present article. Another key question is the ethics of the prophetism of the novelistic Moses, who seems to speak for contemporary people, doomed to in the world perceived as chaos unsupervised by an absolute being. Rozier’s agnostic Moses is a prophet not of God (who does not appear in the novel), but of humanism understood as the confrontation of a human being with the absurdity of his or her own finiteness, which produces compassion for the other, with whom the fate of a mortal is shared.

scholarly journals Universální život a život lidský. K ontologii přírody u Jana Patočky a Maurice Merleau-Pontyho

REFLEXE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (60) ◽  
pp. 29-63
Author(s):  
Martin Rabas
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Inorganic Matter ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

The present article has two objectives. One is to elucidate the philosophical approach presented in the so-called Strahov Systematic Manuscripts of Jan Patočka in terms of consciousness and nature. The other is to compare this philosophical approach with Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s theses on nature, as elaborated in 1956–1961, and to point out some advantages and limitations of both approaches. In our opinion, Patočka’s philosophical approach consists, on the one hand, in a descriptive analysis of human experience, which he understands as a pre-reflective self-relationship pointing towards the consciousness of the world. On the other hand, on the basis of this descriptive analysis Patočka consequently explicates all non-human life, inorganic matter, and finally the whole of nature as life in its own right, the essence of which is also a certain self-relation with a tendency towards consciousness. The article then briefly presents Merleau-Ponty’s theses on nature, and finally compares them with Patočka’s overall theses on nature. The advantage of Patočka’s notion of nature as against Merleau-Ponty’s is that, in Patočka’s view, nature encompasses both the principle of unity and individuality. On the other hand, the advantage of Merleau-Ponty’s understanding of nature as against Patočka’s lies in the consistent interconnectedness of the infinite life of nature and the finite life of individual beings.

“Black Dragon” and Management Problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 70-81
Author(s):  
Dmitry V. Kuzin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Time Factor ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Business Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
Management Problems

The coronavirus pandemic this year has become one of the main topics on the world agenda and is now being analyzed from different angles — biological, medical, economic, political, social, historical. But another aspect to take into account is administrative, since this virus has infected not only individuals but also society, government and business systems. The pandemic is very complex, large-scale and multidimensional and, as is well known, it is hard to control the increasing difficulty and uncertainty, especially when the time factor is involved. There is a principle in methodology: if a problem identified at a certain level of the system’s complexity is not solved by means of the same level, then you need to rise to a higher level. In other words, it is necessary to rise to the metalevel, and this is where the problems of public administration and management are identified, and they are two-sided. The first one is practical — what to do and how to manage the unfolding processes to minimize damage to people, economy and society, what strategy to develop for recovery from this pandemic and how to implement it. This is a focus of everyone’s attention now, but it is too early to fully assess the effectiveness of various current measures and strategies, especially given the new wave of the pandemic. The second side — theoretical — how his problem can be viewed conceptually through the prism of changing the paradigm of the society existence and the paradigm of management. The present article deals with some fundamental aspects of the latter aspect of the problem.

scholarly journals “Black Balts” Abroad: White Racism, Homosexuality and (Non-)Tolerance in Lithuanian and Latvian Emigration Narratives

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-308
Author(s):  
Laura Laurušaitė
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
White Racism ◽  
Migration Literature ◽  
Negative Images ◽  
The World

The present article will use the method of literary imagology in order to study the 21st-century Lithuanian and Latvian (e)migration literature and experiences in the context of racial, sexual, and cultural otherness. It will discusses marriage to a foreigner as something more than an official legitimation of one’s love for a person of other ethnicity, the introduction of foreignness into the world of one’s own culture, and the ideological penetration of the other into that which is inherited, ordinary and familiar. Provinciality, intolerance, and inability to admit and accept the Other or perceive oneself as a sexual Other remain an important part of Lithuanian and Latvian identity. In turn, emigrants in the host communities are a minority with counter-negative images, especially social ones.

scholarly journals The Othering of Islam in a European Context

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Creutz-Kämppi
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Media Representations ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Context ◽  
The World

Abstract Media representations of Islam mostly appear in the Finnish media in connection with events in other parts of the world. In this context, Islam is often treated as something distant and ascribed the role of the Other. These representations function as definers for collective categorizations, having an impact on which categories for self-identifications are relevant in specific cases. The aim of the present article is to discuss othering discourses on Islam in Swedish-language dailies in Finland on the basis of the debate following the cartoons of the Prophet Muhammad. These discourses build upon a broader tradition of othering and have a great deal in common with medieval representations, thus the othering of Islam in a historical perspective is also briefly discussed.

Will a Large-Scale Migration of Russians to the Russian Republic Take Place over the Current Decade?

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Dunlop
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Political Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
The World ◽  
Near Abroad

Given the headlong and convulsive pace of political change occurring in the republics of the former Soviet Union, predictions concerning future developments in that area of the world must necessarily be tenuous and hedged about with caveats. The question of the likely scale of in-migration from the other former union republics into the Russian Republic over the remainder of this decade is, however, so politically charged and so important that analysts and forecasters can ill afford to ignore it. One suspects that Western policy-makers are increasingly going to have to focus their attention upon the fate of the 25.3 million ethnic Russians living in that part of the former Soviet Union now called the “Near Abroad” (blizhnee zarubezh'e).

scholarly journals Large-scale monitoring of resistance to coumaphos, amitraz and pyrethroids in Varroa destructor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Sara Hernández-Rodríguez ◽  
Óscar Marín ◽  
Fernando Calatayud ◽  
María José Mahiques ◽  
Ana Mompó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
List Type ◽  
The World ◽  
Evolution Of Resistance ◽  
Bee Colonies

ABSTRACTVarroa destructor is an ectoparasitic mite causing devastating damages to honey bee colonies around the world. Its impact is considered a major factor contributing to the significant seasonal losses of colonies recorded every year. Beekeepers are usually relying on a reduced set of acaricides to manage the parasite, usually the pyrethroids tau-fluvalinate or flumethrin, the organophosphate coumaphos and the formamidine amitraz. However, the evolution of resistance in the populations is leading to an unsustainable scenario with almost no alternatives to reach an adequate control of the mite.Here we present the results from the first, large-scale and extensive monitoring of the susceptibility to acaricides in the Comunitat Valenciana, one of the most prominent apicultural regions in Spain. Our ultimate goal was to provide beekeepers with timely information to help them decide what would be the best alternative for a long-term control of the mites in their apiaries. Our data show that there is a significant variation in the expected efficacy of coumaphos and pyrethroids across the region, indicating the presence of a different ratio of resistant individuals to these acaricides in each population. On the other hand, the expected efficacy of amitraz was more consistent, although slightly below the expected efficacy according to the label.HIGHLIGHTSVarroa destructor is causing severe damages to honey bee colonies worldwide.There are very few acaricides available to manage the parasite.The evolution of resistance is limiting our capacity to control the mite.We estimated the expected efficacy of the main acaricides in many Spanish apiaries.The information was shared with beekeepers for them to decide the best treatment to control the mite.

scholarly journals http://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/214

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-50
Author(s):  
Lutfurrahman Aftab ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Islamic History ◽  
Muslim Scholar ◽  
The World ◽  
Narrative Methodology

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the world. The beneficent, the merciful, the owner of the day of judgment and there is no God, but he, the most gracious and merciful. This article urges on the methodologies of Ibni-Jareer Al-tabari and Almasudi and their conceptual frameworks based on their ideologies and beliefs. Ibni-Jareer Al-tabari and Almasudi are the most prominent historians of Islamic history because their narrations and publications are considered to be the main sources of Islamic history. The study of the conceptual framework and methodologies of both scholars are of uttermost importance because both have published the Islamic history in the early ages, but both have different ideologies; Ibni-Jareer Al-tabari is a Sunni scholar and has vast knowledge about Quranic sciences and followed the strict rules of Hadith narrations in reporting historical events, he used narrative methodology for registering events before Islam and has reported events after Islam in chronological order year after year. On the other hand, Almasudi is considered to be the first Muslim scholar to combine history and scientific geography in his large-scale work named “Murūj al-dhahab wa maʿādin al-jawāhir” (The Meadows of Gold and Mines of Gems), but the conceptual framework of Almasudi is different from Ibni-Jareer Al-tabari, according to different scholars he was Mu’tazili more than a Sunni Muslim. Therefore, it was necessary to clarify the conceptual framework and the methodologies of both prominent historians of the Muslim world.

scholarly journals „Na wysokiej połoninie” Stanisława Vincenza w kontekście kategorii pogranicza i geopoetyki

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
Adam Orłowski
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Urban Culture ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
The World

Stanisław Vincenz’s Na wysokiej połoninie in the context of the categories of frontier and geopoeticsStanisław Vincenz’s monumental work Na wysokiej połoninie [On the High Mountain Pastures] can be analysed in the context of civilisational transformations that took place at the turn of the 20th century in highland regions. Carpathian highlanders, including the Hutsuls, for centuries had cultivated traditions going way back in time, to the Hellenic herding culture values like subordination to the laws of nature and God, freedom, highland time, autumn knowledge, dialogue, unique understanding of space. The development of capitalism and influence of urban culture brought with them a  possibility of coming into contact on a  large scale with a  worldview representing a  different way of looking at issues fundamental to the individuals and entire community.Thus Vincenz’ tetralogy is set at the frontier of epochs, cultures and mentalities views of the world, impressions of the world. The present article aims at interpreting Vincenz’ work in the context of a  category that is extremely popular in the humanities, namely frontier or borderland as well as Kenneth White’s category of geopoetics, which is attracting more and more “followers”.

scholarly journals ¿Cómo España trató de recuperar su poderío naval? Un acercamiento a las estrategias de la marina real sobre los suministros de materias primas forestales provenientes del báltico y Nueva España (1754-1795) = How did Spain Tried to Recover his Naval Power? An Approach to the Strategies of the Royal navy on the Supply of Forest Raw Materials from Baltic Sea and New Spain (1754-1795)

2019 ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Rafal B. Reichert
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Present Article ◽  
New Spain ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Royal Navy ◽  
Naval Power ◽  
The World ◽  
El Sistema

En el presente artículo se muestran los avances de una investigación sobre la política de suministros forestales que desarrolló la Marina Real de España a lo largo del siglo XVIII con el fin de demostrar su importancia ante la rivalidad que existía entre las potencias marítimas europeas por el dominio sobre los mares del mundo. Se propone un análisis del sistema de aprovisionamiento para los departamentos navales, en especial en relación con los proyectos de utilización de maderas novohispanas y bálticas en la construcción naval, y su valoración por los oficiales hispanos. Por otra parte, se presenta la dinámica de otorgamiento de los asientos de madera a los criollos novohispanos y, finalmente, se estudia el movimiento marítimo entre el Báltico sur y España para demostrar la valiosa participación de esta región en el sistema de pertrechos navales. A partir de lo anterior se ofrece una visión general del comercio global de suministros forestales de España, que perseguía la recuperación de su poderío naval.AbstractThe present article shows the progress of the research about the policy of forestry supplies, developed during the 18th century by the Royal Navy of Spain, in order to demonstrate its importance in the rivalry between the European maritime powers by the dominion over the seas of the World. For this reason, it is proposed to analyze different aspects of the provision system for the naval departments, with an approach to the projects of use the New Spain and Baltic wood in shipbuilding, and its recognition by the Hispanic officials. On the other side, it is presented the dynamics of granting to New Spain Creoles with wooden contracts and finally is studied the maritime movement between the southern Baltic and Spain to demonstrate their valuable participation in the naval supplies system. All these aspects demonstrate a general panorama of the globalization of forest supplies with only one purpose: the recovery of Spanish naval power.   

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