Growth characteristics of Cuscuta pentagona under different environmental conditions and occurrence distribution in soybean (Glycine max) fields

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Cuscuta Pentagona

Biologically effective rate of saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p in soybean (Glycine max)

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Miller ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
Trevor E. Kraus ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Effective Rate ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Equivalent Control ◽  
Lamb’S Quarters ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Annual Weeds

Miller, R. T., Soltani, N., Robinson, D. E., Kraus, T. E. and Sikkema, P. H. 2012. Biologically effective rate of saflufenacil/dimethenamid- in soybean ( Glycine max ). Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 517–531. A total of five field studies were conducted over a 2-yr period (2009, 2010) at three Ontario locations to determine the biologically effective rate of saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p applied preemergence (PRE) for the control of annual weeds in soybean. The rate of saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p required for the control of annual weeds was influenced by environmental conditions. With adequate moisture and above-average temperatures in 2010, between 224 and 374 g a.i. ha−1 of saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p was required for 80% control of common ragweed, common lamb's quarters, and green foxtail 4 wk after treatment (WAT). In contrast, below-average temperatures and excessive moisture in 2009 resulted in higher rates of saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p being necessary for the same level of weed control. Pigweed species were least affected by environmental conditions after application at 4 WAT with only 245 g a.i. ha−1 required for 80% control in both years. By 11 WAT, 320 g a.i. ha−1 or less of saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p was required to achieve 80% control of these species in 2010, while 845 g a.i. ha−1 or more was needed in 2009 for equivalent control. The potential of saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p as a set-up treatment prior to a postemergence (POST) glyphosate application was also examined. Excellent full season control of all weed species was achieved with saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p applied PRE followed by glyphosate POST. However, there was no difference in yield when saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p was followed by glyphosate POST compared with a single glyphosate POST application.

scholarly journals Vibrio parahaemolyticus Growth under Low-Iron Conditions and Survival under High-Magnesium Conditions

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1040-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHIA-HSIN JU ◽  
P. S. MARIE YEUNG ◽  
JESSICA OESTERLING ◽  
DANIEL A. SEIGERMAN ◽  
KATHRYN J. BOOR
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristic ◽  
Environmental Survival ◽  
Recent Emergence

Since 1996, Vibrio parahaemolyticus serotype O3:K6 and closely related strains have been associated with an increased incidence of V. parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis worldwide, suggesting the emergence of strains with enhanced abilities to cause disease. One hypothesis for the recent emergence of V. parahaemolyticus O3:K6 and related strains is an enhanced capacity for environmental survival relative to other strains, which might result in increased human exposure to these organisms. Therefore, the objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that survival or growth characteristics of clinical V. parahaemolyticus isolates differ from those of nonclinical isolates under different environmental conditions. Twenty-six V. parahaemolyticus isolates selected to represent either clinical or food sources were monitored for either survival following exposure to high magnesium (300 mM) or growth under iron-limited conditions. Isolates in each category (clinical or food) differed widely in survival capabilities following 24 h of exposure to 300 mM Mg2+. Although 4 of 15 clinical isolates grew better at approximately 0.96 μM Fe2+ (iron-limited conditions) than at 50 μM Fe2+ (iron-rich conditions), as an entire group clinical isolates in this study were not more effective at growing under iron-limited conditions than were strains not associated with disease. Within the diverse collection of strains examined in these experiments, neither growth characteristics in low-iron environments nor survival capabilities following exposure to high magnesium concentrations were uniformly different between clinical and nonclinical V. parahaemolyticus isolates. Therefore, neither phenotypic characteristic can be used to reliably differentiate potentially pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus strains.

scholarly journals Production and Germination of Conidia of Trichoderma stromaticum, a Mycoparasite of Crinipellis perniciosa on Cacao

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (10) ◽  
pp. 1032-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sanogo ◽  
A. Pomella ◽  
P. K. Hebbar ◽  
B. Bailey ◽  
J. C. B. Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Crinipellis Perniciosa ◽  
Broom Disease ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Incubation Temperatures

Growth characteristics of the fungus Trichoderma stromaticum, a mycoparasite on the mycelium and fruiting bodies of Crinipellis perniciosa, the causal agent of witches'-broom disease of cacao, were evaluated under controlled environmental conditions. The ability of T. stromaticum to produce conidia and germinate on dry brooms was evaluated at three constant temperatures (20, 25, and 30°C) and two constant relative humidities (75 and 100%). T. stromaticum produced abundant conidia on brooms at 100% relative humidity and incubation temperatures of 20 and 25°C, but none at 30°C. Sporulation of T. stromaticum was not observed at 75% relative humidity at any temperature. At 100% relative humidity and either at 20 or 25°C, treatment of brooms with T. stromaticum suppressed C. perniciosa within 7 days. In contrast, at 30°C, treatment with T. stromaticum had no effect on the pathogen in brooms maintained at either 75 or 100% relative humidity. Mycelium of C. perniciosa grew from brooms at all temperatures at 100% relative humidity. Conidial germination on broom tissue approximated 80% at temperatures from 20 to 30°C. Results suggest that applying T. stromaticum under high-moisture conditions when the air temperature is below 30°C may enhance the establishment of this mycoparasite in cacao plantations.

Factors Affecting the Translocation of14C-Mefluidide in Soybeans(Glycine max), Common Cocklebur(Xanthium pensylvanicum), and Johnsongrass(Sorghum halepense)

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. McWhorter ◽  
G. D. Wills
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Constant Level ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Treated Area ◽  
Lower Stem

Absorption and translocation of14C-mefluidide {N-[2,4-dimethyl-5-[[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl] amino] phenyl] acetamide} in soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Lee 68’], common cocklebur(Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr.), and johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers.] were evaluated under different environmental conditions with and without adjuvants. At a constant level of 40 or 100% relative humidity (RH), an increase in air temperature from 22 to 32 C resulted in a two- to three-fold increase in absorption and a four- to eight-fold increase in translocation of the14C in soybeans following application to the second trifoliolate. At constant 22 or 32 C an increase from 40 to 100% RH resulted in less than a two-fold increase in absorption or translocation of14C in soybeans. Autoradiograms indicated that movement of the14C was primarily into leaves above the treated area. Translocation of14C was significantly greater following application to the lower stem than to leaves. In common cocklebur,14C absorption increased about three-fold at both 22 and 32 C with an increase from 40 to 100% RH following application to the second alternate leaf. At both levels of RH, absorption and translocation increased as the temperature was increased from 22 to 32 C. The addition of an adjuvant increased absorption and translocation in common cocklebur under all environmental conditions. When14C-mefluidide was applied without an adjuvant to johnsongrass, absorption increased five- to six-fold at both 22 and 32 C as RH was increased from 40 to 100%. Translocation in johnsongrass was often affected less by variations in temperature than it was in soybeans or common cocklebur. The adjuvant increased absorption and translocation of the14C-label of mefluidide in johnsongrass. The14C-label accumulated primarily in the distal leaf of johnsongrass or in leaves above the treated area.

Selection and Characterization of Cellulose-Deficient Derivates of Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1038-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
BYONG KWON YOO ◽  
TOD STEWART ◽  
JEAN GUARD-BOULDIN ◽  
MICHAEL MUSGROVE ◽  
RICHARD GAST ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Phenotype Microarray ◽  
Pfge Profile ◽  
Cellulose Production ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions

Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is known to have several defense mechanisms, one of which is the production of extracellular substances including cellulose. The goal of this study was to prepare pairs of STEC cultures for use in future studies designed to address the role of cellulose in protecting the cells of STEC for survival under adverse environmental conditions. Cells of STEC deficient in cellulose production were separated from cellulose-proficient wild-type cells. The identities of the two types of cells were confirmed using serotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Selected growth characteristics of the two types of cells were determined using three phenotype microarray plates, PM9, PM10, and PM11. The cellulose-deficient and cellulose-proficient cells in each STEC pair shared the same serotype and PFGE profile. The deficiency in cellulose production did not significantly (P > 0.05) affect the growth characteristics of STEC cells under 191 of the 210 tested growth conditions. Significant differences in growth between the two types of cells were observed only in the presence of two antibiotics, a short chain fatty acid, and high concentrations of osmolytes, as well as under extreme acidic and alkaline pH. These results suggest that deficiency in cellulose production did not alter the serological property, PFGE profile, and growth characteristics of selected STEC strains under optimal growth conditions. The STEC strains and their cellulose-deficient derivates could be useful for studying the role of cellulose in protecting the cells of STEC for survival under adverse environmental conditions.

scholarly journals A study on the growth characteristics of pleurotus sajor-caju with varying substrate sterilization methods and days of spawn maturity

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Kathiravan S ◽  
Krishnakumari S
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Oyster Mushroom ◽  
Mushroom Cultivation ◽  
Steam Sterilization ◽  
Paddy Straw ◽  
Chemical Sterilization ◽  
Pleurotus Sajor Caju

The research work carried out investigated the influence of various substrate sterilization methods and days of spawn maturity on the growth characteristics of Pleurotus sajor-caju, grey oyster mushroom. The paddy straw substrate was sterilized by various sterilization methods such as chemical sterilization, boilingwater sterilization and steam sterilization. The spawn of the mushroom produced were used at three different days of maturity viz. 25 days, 35 days and 45 days. The substrate and spawn inoculated beds were maintained at defined environmental conditions in the mushroom cultivation chamber and the growthperformance were monitored and the characteristics were recorded. The study revealed that the steam sterilized substrate and the 35 days old spawn gave the maximum yield compared to the beds inoculated with substrates sterilized with other two methods of sterilization and spawn of 25 days and 45 days old. Theresults gave a reliable information regarding the preference of the substrate sterilization method and the days of spawn maturity for the cultivation of the Pleurotus sajor-caju, grey oyster mushroom.

Genotypic and environmental variation in seed nutraceutical and industrial composition of non-transgenic soybean (Glycine max) genotypes

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constanza S. Carrera ◽  
Julio L. Dardanelli ◽  
Diego O. Soldini
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Transgenic Soybean ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Design Production

Genotype × environment interactions (G × E) induce differential response of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) genotypes to variable environmental conditions with respect to seed composition, and this may hinder breeding progress. The objectives of this study were to estimate the contribution of genotype, environment and G × E to seed chemical composition variability, and to identify the most stable non-transgenic genotypes for several chemical components. Seeds from six non-transgenic soybean genotypes that were grown in 23 environments in Argentina (24–38°S) were analysed. Although environment was the most important source affecting variation for most of the analysed chemical components, genotype and G × E also had a significant effect (P < 0.001). Stable genotypes with superior performance across a wide range of environments were ALIM3.20 for protein, linolenic acid (Len), Len : linoleic acid (LA) ratio (Len/LA), δ-tocopherol (δT) and total isoflavones (TI); ALIM4.13 for protein, oleic acid, α-tocopherol (αT) and δT; ALIM3.14 for Len, αT and TI; Ac0124-1 for Len and Len/LA; and Ac0730-3 for αT. Non-transgenic genotypes with stable chemical profile across environments would perform well under a wide range of environmental conditions for any chemical compound. This study contributes knowledge for breeders to use these genotypes to broaden the genetic backgrounds of currently available commercial cultivars, or to design production strategies that employ the genotypes directly as raw material.

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