scholarly journals Antimicrobial activities, antioxidant and phytochemical analysis of methanol and aqueous leaf extract of Phyllathus muellerianus (KUNTZ) Exell

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

scholarly journals Evaluation of qualitative phytochemicals and antifungal activity of aqueous leaf extract of Senna tora on downy mildew of cabbage

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
S.M. Zakari ◽  
A.A. Aliko ◽  
H Haruna ◽  
A Muazu
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Flavonoid Glycosides ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

This study was embarked upon to evaluate the efficacy of aqueous extracts of Senna tora leaf against Perenospora parasitica, causing downy mildew on cabbage. Phytochemical analysis of the leaf extracts revealed the presence of some secondary metabolites (Tannins, Saponins, Flavonoid, Glycosides, Alkaloids, Phenolic compounds and Carbohydrates) which have been reported to have antimicrobial effects. Assays were performed using extract concentrations of 1000, 500, 250, 125 mg/ml by agar well diffusion technique. Results obtained, revealed a significant difference in diameter of mycelial zone of inhibition between the concentrations. Highest zone of inhibition was recorded at 1000 and 500 mg/ml (20 and 15 mm) respectively. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) were determined and recorded at 250 mg/ml. The antifungal screening revealed that the extract exhibited inhibitory activities at varying concentrations against the downy mildew pathogen. These activities observed could be attributed to the presence of active metabolites contained in the extract.Keywords: Aqueous leaf extract, Downy mildew, Perenospora parasitica and Senna tora

scholarly journals Gastro-duodenal protective effect of aqueous leaf extract of Daucuscarota sativus Linn. (Apiaceae) in rats and its possible mechanism of action

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-163
Author(s):  
Esther Oluwatoyin Agbaje ◽  
◽  
Muyiwa Samuel Fageyinbo ◽  
Olaitan Oladele Alabi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Cytoprotective Effect ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Duodenal Ulcers ◽  
Scavenging Effect ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Edible Roots

Background: Daucuscarota sativus L. (Apiaceae) commonly known as ‘carrot’ is a multipurpose herb cultivated in different parts of the world for its edible roots, juice, oils and leaves. Carrot root as well as its leaves has been credited with many medicinal properties, including cleansing of the intestine and maintenance of acid-alkaline balance in the body. Carrot leaves also known as carrot tops or carrot greens have been used locally as a decoction for healing mouth sores, and in some cases, mixed with honey to clean festering wounds. The present study was therefore designed to evaluate the possible gastro-duodenal protective property of Daucuscarota sativus (DCS) aqueous leaf extract on laboratory-induced ulcers. Aqueous leaf extract prepared by maceration was orally administered one hour before ulcerogens in doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg to groups of randomized adult rats of both sexes. Gastric ulcers were induced using pyloric ligation, methyleneblue, and acetic acid, while cysteamine, and indomethacin-histamine were separately employed for induction of duodenal ulcers in the animals. Positive controls were given standard drugs appropriate for each experimental model. Phytochemical screening of the freshly prepared extract was also carried out, as well as evaluating its antioxidant activity. In each of the models, the aqueous leaf extract of DCS showed a significant (p<0.05-0.001) dose-independent protection against peptic ulcer. The effects produced by the aqueous leaf extract of DCS were comparable to those of the standard drugs (omeprazole; 200 µg/kg, ranitidine; 50 mg/kg, and cimetidine; 50 mg/kg). Phytochemical analysis of the aqueous leaf extract of Daucuscarota sativus revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins, some of which have been reported to elicit cytoprotective effect. Antioxidant analysis showed significant scavenging effect of free radical using nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation and DPPH assay. The findings in this study suggest that the aqueous leaf extract of DCS possesses cytoprotective effect and also reduces secretion of secretagogues, thereby protecting against gastric and duodenal ulcers.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Oral Acute Toxicity Study of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Crinum giganteum (Gadalli) in Wister Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Elizabeth FB ◽  
Obikili E.N ◽  
Esom A. E ◽  
Anyanwu G.E
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Bioactive Agents ◽  
Oral Acute Toxicity ◽  
Bioactive Agent

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Different parts of plants possess variable phytochemical compounds and LD<sub>50</sub>. <em>Crinum giganteum</em> (Gadalli) is one of the plants most commonly consumed in parts of Africa for its various medicinal values. Despite this popularity, the phytochemical screening and the toxicity of the leaf extracts were yet to be evaluated. This study was designed to identify    the bioactive agents and estimate the LD<sub>50</sub> for the aqueous leaf extract of gadalli. <strong>Method</strong>: Phytochemical screening was done using standard methods. Each bioactive agent and the LD<sub>50</sub> were estimated by Arithmetic methods of Karber. <strong>Results: </strong>Phytochemical analysis revealed high presence of alkaloids,  saponins, and slight presence of glycosides while the oral LD<sub>50 </sub>was found to be 200 mg/kg. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The major active ingredients of<strong> </strong>aqueous leaf extract of gadalli are alkaloids and saponins. It is observed to be unsafe at 200mg/kg and above.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Phytochemicals, <em>Crinum Giganteum</em>, LD<sub>50</sub>, Alkaloids, Saponins, Glycosides</p><p> </p>

Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activities of Atalantia monophylla (L) Correa and Atalantia racemosa Wight and Arn

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-436
Author(s):  
Mahadevan Subramaniyan ◽  
Vijayakumar Subramaniyan ◽  
Arulmozhi Praveenkumar
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

Background: Infectious diseases are major leading cause of death in all parts of the world, because of the appearance of new multi drug resistant microbes. Therefore, the discovery of potential drug for effective treatment will help the slaughter of the microbes. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the presence of photochemical and antimicrobial activities of various crude extracts of leaves, fruits and root bark of Atalantia monophylla and Atalantia racemosa against human pathogens by using well diffusion method. Methods: Antimicrobial properties of the various extracts of Atalantia monophylla and Atalantia racemosa were studied against some human pathogenic microbes such as Gram-positive Bacteria, (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus) Gram-negative Bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli) and human opportunistic fungal pathogens (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger). All the extracts were comparable with standard drugs (Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Nystatin. and Amphotericin B). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal /fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) values were determined through a microdilution method. The phytochemical analysis of these plant extracts were carried out using standard mthods. Results: Methanolic leaf extract of A. monophylla has showed excellent antimicrobial activity against S. aureus (40mm). As well, the A. racemosa methanolic leaf extract shows notable inhibitory activity against S. aureus (38mm). At the same time, the least inhibition was observed in aqueous extract of A. monophylla against E.coli (9mm). The MIC ranged from 0.78 µg/mL to 50 µg/mL and MBC/MFC 1.56 to 50 µg/mL were recorded. Phytochemical analysis of alkaloids, steroids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, phenolics and cardiae glycoside were recorded in various extracts of A. monophylla and A. racemosa respectively. Flavonoids, phenolics and cardiac glycoside were present only in methonalic leaf extract of A. monophylla. Conclusion: The result of this study concluded that methanolic leaf extract has possessed novel compounds with significant antimicrobial properties. Hence, we recommend this plant for further studies on the isolation and characterization of that lead antimicrobial potential molecule.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of Thevetia peruviana Juss and its antimicrobial activities

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 903-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omolara O. Oluwaniyi ◽  
Haleemat I. Adegoke ◽  
Elijah T. Adesuji ◽  
Aderemi B. Alabi ◽  
Sunday O. Bodede ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Thevetia Peruviana ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and biological assays of ethanolic leaf extract of Senna rugosa

Rodriguésia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Figueiredo Cunha ◽  
Camila Marques Costa ◽  
Poliana Ribeiro Barroso ◽  
Kelly Cristina Kato ◽  
Fabrício de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Antitumoral Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Biological Assays ◽  
Popular Medicine ◽  
Candida Famata ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Abstract Senna rugosa (Fabaceae) is a common specie of the Brazilian territory, especially in the Cerrado biome. It is widely used in the popular medicine although not yet adequately investigated as to its phytoconstituents and pharmacological activities. In this study, the preliminary phytochemical analysis of ethanolic leaf extract of S. rugosa was performed and its cytotoxicity, antitumoral and antimicrobial activities (antibacterial, antifungal, anti-Trypanosoma and anti-Leishmania) were evaluated. The crude extract was analyzed in HPLC-DAD and fractions were also characterized using GC-MS and ESI-MS techniques. Results indicate phenolic compounds majority presence, including flavonol, anthraquinone and anthrones derivatives. Relative antimicrobial activities were detected against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida famata, Candida krusei and Candida tropicalis. As well as, a weak anti-trypanosomatids activity against M2269 strain and BH46 strain of Leishmania sp. A relative antitumoral activity was also identified but in counterpoint were also observed a toxicity in fibroblast cells (L929). Phytochemically, results provide evidence that phenolic compounds in S. rugosa leaves might be the responsible for its antimicrobial activity and cell toxicity inferred in our research.

In vitro antimicrobial activity of the leaf extract of Harungana madagascariensis Lam. ex Poir. (Hypericaceae) against strains causing otitis externa in dogs and cats

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Moulari ◽  
Y. Pellequer ◽  
J. Chaumont ◽  
Y. Guillaume ◽  
J. Millet
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Externa ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Malassezia Pachydermatis ◽  
Staphylococcus Intermedius ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation

Otitis externa in dogs and cats is always caused by a combination of yeasts and bacteria, among which the most important are Malassezia pachydermatis, Staphylococcus intermedius and Pseudomonas species. These organisms often develop resistance to classical antimicrobial agents. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activities of an ethyl acetate leaf extract of Harungana madagascariensis against the organisms cited, to carry out the phytochemical investigation of this extract and to determine its bioactive chemical class using dilution techniques, the bioautography method and the standard phytochemical method described by Harborne (1973). Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids and anthracenic derivatives. The bioassay showed that the antimicrobial properties may be attributed to astilbin, a flavanone derivative identified on the basis of its spectroscopic data. The results suggest that the extract could be used in an antimicrobial preparation effective against the whole range of organisms incriminated in otitis externa in dogs and cats, with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 250 μg/ml.

scholarly journals Phytochemical constituent and antimicrobial properties of guava extracts of east Hararghe of Oromia, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dereje A. Oncho ◽  
Meseret C. Ejigu ◽  
Olyad E. Urgessa
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Shigella Boydii

Abstract Background There is a need for the screening more effective, affordable and readily available antimicrobial substances from local medicinal plants or herbs as the pathogenic bacteria are developing the resistance to common antibiotics. Guava (Psidium guajava L.) has antimicrobial activities and it is easily accessible to local populace in tropical region. Antimicrobial properties of guava extracts are attributed to the presence of different phytochemical constituents. The fact that phytochemicals’ constituents vary as a result of geographical locations and literatures about Ethiopian guava with respect to phytochemicals’ composition and content, and antimicrobial activities are hardly available, there is a need to analyze phytochemicals and antimicrobial properties of the Ethiopian guava from Oromia Regional State, Babile and Gursum Districts against Salmonella Typhi, Shigella boydii, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Methods Extraction was done by maceration. Qualitative analysis of phytochemicals was carried out using standard protocol and quantitative phytochemical determination was conducted using spectrophotometric and gravimetric methods. Antimicrobial activities were determined by disc diffusion and broth dilution method. Results Qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponin, steroids and tannin, but the absence of flavonoid and phlobatannin in all Babile and Gursum leaf and bark extracts. Gravimetric measurement showed the highest terpenoid content of 105.00 ± 8.66 mg extract/g of powder in Gursum leaf extract. Similarly, spectrophotometric measurement showed the highest total phenol content of 0.205 ± 0.01 mg/g of the extracts as Tannic Acid Equivalent in Gursum leaf extract. Antimicrobial activity tests revealed that Babile leaf extract showed the highest 13.0 ± 6.79 mm zone of inhibition against Shigella boydii compared to that of other guava extracts. Babile leaf extract showed the lowest 2.375 ± 0.177 mg/ml minimum inhibitory concentration against Shigella boydii, while Gursum leaf extract showed the lowest 1.875 ± 0.884 mg/ml MIC against Salmonella Typhi. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, steroids and tannins in the all extracts, but the absence of flavonoids and phlobatannins in the all extracts and terpenoids in Babile extracts. The highest content of alkaloid and terpenoid (98.67 ± 14.43, 93.33 ± 8.82 mg extract/g of powder, respectively) were found in Babile leaf and Gursum bark extracts, respectively. Antimicrobial activity tests revealed that Babile leaf extracts showed higher zone of inhibition against all clinical isolates than that of Gursum leaf extracts, but Babile bark extracts showed lower zone of inhibition against all clinical isolates than that of Gursum bark extracts. Babile leaf extracts showed the highest zone of inhibition (13.0 ± 6.79 mm) against S. boydii, and Babile bark extracts showed the lowest Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (1.250 ± 0.001 mg/ml) against S. Typhi. Conclusion Guava extracts from different location could be source of natural antimicrobial agents with different composition and content. In vivo antimicrobial activity, and isolation, identification and synergy of specific active compound that responsible for the antibacterial activity should be evaluated.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective and Nephroprotective Potentials of Aqueous Leaves ExtractofLimoniaacidissimain Phenylhydrazine-Induced AnaemicWistar Rats

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Nwauche, K. T. ◽  
Anacletus, F. C ◽  
Ugwu, G. M
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Alanine Transaminase ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Vitamine B12 ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

Bioactive composition of Limoniaacidissima leaf and liver enzyme levels and kidney status ofphenlyhydrazine (phz)-induced anaemicwistar rats were investigated. A total of forty two (42) wistar rats weighing between 150-200g were used. The animals were randomly divided into seven (7) groups of six rats each. Folic acid and vitamin B12 were used as reference drugs. Aqueousextract of Limoniaacidissima leaves was administered to the rats for four (4) weeks period.Qualitative phytochemical analysis on the dry leaf samples revealed the presence of the following in low abundance: alkaloid, saponins, cardiac glycoside, steroids, phenols, terpenoids and proteins while flavonoids were in high abundance. A significant increase (p<0.05) was observed in the activities of serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in thephenylhtdrazine-inducedanaemic non- treated groups in comparison to normal control. There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in urea, creatinine, potassium and sodium levels in the phenylhydrazine-induced anemic non- treated rats compared to the normal control. The other groups treated with aqueous leaf extract of Limoniaacidissimasubsequently ameliorated these effects on the liver and kiney markers. Vitamine B12 and folic acid also reversed these effects on the liver enzymes and kiney markers.This outcome illustrates that the aqueous extract of the leaf of Limoniaacidissimapossess a protective potentials on the liver and kidney of phenylhydrazine- induced wistar rats.

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