Elaboration of Digital Watermarking Method for a Protection of Cloning Attack on Paper Certificates

Paper (or plastic) certificates are considered as a means against different forgery of product quality and brand falsification. It is commonly to use barcodes or data matrices to solve this problem. However such approach does not work usually against such sophisticated attacks as cloning of certificate copies. In the current paper we propose to use a digital watermarking and estimation of inner noises of scanners and printers in order to detect cloning attack effectively. Algorithm of cloning attack detecting is presented. The probabilities of attack missing and false alarm are proved.

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DWT Blind Detection Algorithm of Digital Watermarking on still Image Based on KFDA

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.373-375.454 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 373-375 ◽

pp. 454-458

Author(s):

Hao Long ◽

Na Huo ◽

Yong Yang ◽

Ben Chen Yu

Keyword(s):

False Alarm ◽

False Alarm Rate ◽

Digital Watermarking ◽

Detection Algorithm ◽

Discrete Wavelet ◽

Blind Detection ◽

Still Image ◽

Test Information ◽

Analysis Theory ◽

Learning Machine

The algorithm of blind detection on DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform) digital watermarking of still image is proposed to overcome the lower detection rate and higher false alarm rate problem. The algorithm utilizes KFDA (Kernel Fisher Discrimination Analysis) theory. With the help of research results of blind detection on DCT digital watermarking, the algorithm passes the test information by stochastic resonance system so as to amplify weak signals. Then the algorithm chooses suitable sample vector by computation. KFDA theory, a kind of learning machine with high precision is used to realize blind detection. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the algorithm improves detection probability at low embedding strength. At the same time the algorithm also decreases false alarm rate.

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Hit and False-Alarm Rates of Selected ABR Indices in Differentiating Cochlear Disorders From Acoustic Tumors

American Journal of Audiology ◽

10.1044/1059-0889.0501.90 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 90-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Frank E. Musiek ◽

Cynthia A. McCormick ◽

Raymond M. Hurley

Keyword(s):

False Alarm ◽

Amplitude Ratio ◽

High Specificity ◽

Auditory Brainstem ◽

Latency Difference ◽

Cochlear Pathology ◽

Brainstem Response ◽

Absolute Latency ◽

Two Indices ◽

Low Sensitivity

We performed a retrospective study of 26 patients with acoustic tumors and 26 patients with otologically diagnosed cochlear pathology to determine the sensitivity (hit rate), specificity (false-alarm rate), and efficiency of six auditory brainstem response indices. In addition, a utility value was determined for each of these six indices. The I–V interwave interval, the interaural latency difference, and the absolute latency of wave V provided the highest hit rates, the best A’ values and good utility. The V/I amplitude ratio index provided high specificity but low sensitivity scores. In regard to sensitivity and specificity, using the combination of two indices provided little overall improvement over the best one-index measures.

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Zero Marking of Past Tense in Child African American English

Perspectives on Language Learning and Education ◽

10.1044/lle21.4.173 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 173-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ryan Lee ◽

Janna B. Oetting

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

American English ◽

African American English ◽

Current Paper ◽

Past Tense ◽

Typically Developing ◽

Grammatical Function

Zero marking of the simple past is often listed as a common feature of child African American English (AAE). In the current paper, we review the literature and present new data to help clinicians better understand zero marking of the simple past in child AAE. Specifically, we provide information to support the following statements: (a) By six years of age, the simple past is infrequently zero marked by typically developing AAE-speaking children; (b) There are important differences between the simple past and participle morphemes that affect AAE-speaking children's marking options; and (c) In addition to a verb's grammatical function, its phonetic properties help determine whether an AAE-speaking child will produce a zero marked form.

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Product quality and information

Industrial Organization ◽

10.1017/cbo9781107707139.018 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 295-296

Keyword(s):

Product Quality

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Ethical Issues Relevant to the Assessment of Suicide Risk in Nonclinical Research Settings

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000110 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 54-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Carolyn M. Wilson ◽

Bruce K. Christensen

Keyword(s):

Undergraduate Students ◽

Suicide Risk ◽

Ethical Issues ◽

Current Paper ◽

Self Report ◽

Ethical Guidelines ◽

Schizotypal Personality ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Genetic Features ◽

Conducting Research

Background: Our laboratory recently confronted this issue while conducting research with undergraduate students at the University of Waterloo (UW). Although our main objective was to examine cognitive and genetic features of individuals with schizotypal personality disorder (SPD), the study protocol also entailed the completion of various self-report measures to identify participants deemed at increased risk for suicide. Aims and Methods: This paper seeks to review and discuss the relevant ethical guidelines and legislation that bear upon a psychologist’s obligation to further assess and intervene when research participants reveal that they are at increased risk for suicide. Results and Conclusions: In the current paper we argue that psychologists are ethically impelled to assess and appropriately intervene in cases of suicide risk, even when such risk is revealed within a research context. We also discuss how any such obligation may potentially be modulated by the research participant’s expectations of the role of a psychologist, within such a context. Although the focus of the current paper is on the ethical obligations of psychologists, specifically those practicing within Canada, the relevance of this paper extends to all regulated health professionals conducting research in nonclinical settings.

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The Persnickety Pervasiveness of Rating Enhancement in Personality Assessment

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759/a000610 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Alicia A. Stachowski ◽

John T. Kulas

Keyword(s):

Response Bias ◽

Personality Assessment ◽

Current Paper ◽

Psychological Measurement ◽

Shared Sets ◽

Self Reports ◽

Original Target ◽

Target Profile ◽

Do So ◽

Normative Influences

Abstract. The current paper explores whether self and observer reports of personality are properly viewed through a contrasting lens (as opposed to a more consonant framework). Specifically, we challenge the assumption that self-reports are more susceptible to certain forms of response bias than are informant reports. We do so by examining whether selves and observers are similarly or differently drawn to socially desirable and/or normative influences in personality assessment. Targets rated their own personalities and recommended another person to also do so along shared sets of items diversely contaminated with socially desirable content. The recommended informant then invited a third individual to additionally make ratings of the original target. Profile correlations, analysis of variances (ANOVAs), and simple patterns of agreement/disagreement consistently converged on a strong normative effect paralleling item desirability, with all three rater types exhibiting a tendency to reject socially undesirable descriptors while also endorsing desirable indicators. These tendencies were, in fact, more prominent for informants than they were for self-raters. In their entirety, our results provide a note of caution regarding the strategy of using non-self informants as a comforting comparative benchmark within psychological measurement applications.

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Attachment Anxiety Mitigates the Well-Being Costs of Object Attachment

Journal of Individual Differences ◽

10.1027/1614-0001/a000328 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 41-56

Author(s):

Lucas A. Keefer ◽

Zachary K. Rothschild

Keyword(s):

Past Research ◽

Well Being ◽

Attachment Anxiety ◽

Current Paper ◽

Personality Research ◽

Psychological Correlates ◽

State Study ◽

Object Attachment ◽

Diary Methods ◽

State Variation

Abstract. Clinical and personality research consistently demonstrates that people can form unhealthy and problematic attachments to material possessions. To better understand this tendency, the current paper extends past research demonstrating that anxieties about other people motivate these attachments. These findings suggest that although object attachment generally correlates with poorer well-being, it may attenuate well-being deficits associated with insecurity about close relationships. The current paper presents two studies using converging correlational ( N = 394) and diary methods ( N = 413) to test whether object attachments’ association with poorer well-being is moderated by relationship uncertainties. We find that both trait (Study 1) and state (Study 2) insecurities about others eliminated, and in some cases reversed, the negative psychological correlates of object attachment. These effects, however, were only observed when focusing on between-person variation in both studies; within-person analysis demonstrated that state variation in object attachment predicted better psychological well-being. These results highlight a need for more nuanced studies of object attachment and well-being.

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