scholarly journals Two Expeditions: In Search of the Karsikko Tradition in the Pudozh Region of Karelia with Konstantin Loginov

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 23-40
Author(s):  
Aleksi P. Konkka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Field Research

From 1998 to 2013, the author of this article participated in seven expeditions to the Pudozh region of Karelia and to Lake Vodlozero together with Konstantin Kuzmich Loginov, who studied this area as an ethnographer for many years. The most memorable were the first and the last expeditions, which are discussed in the article. The main objective of both expeditions was to detect and study the Karelian tradition of karsikko (from the Karelian word karsia, which means “to cut branches”). Karsikko are special signs on trees that served both practical and religious mythological purposes. The latter function was most prominent in old cemeteries, of which we also intended to make an inventory. The 1998 expedition, which Loginov organized and guided, turned out to be surprisingly rich in collected material. It opened up a whole region of Eastern Europe for further study. The trip to the river Vodla was much more “intimate”, and our tasks were more modest. First of all, we had to confirm the existence of the karsikko tradition there. Although this tradition was already well studied in the neighboring territories, it could have different features, since each area was special and could surprise with details. As a result, the field research performed at the end of the 20th — beginning of the 21st century covered most of the Pudozh region and the neighboring Kenozero. It confirmed the ubiquitous existence of the karsikko tradition in this region.

scholarly journals Revised distribution and phytosociological data of Orobanche coerulescens Stephan in Willd. (Orobanchaceae): Poland in relation to Central Europe

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Piwowarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Range Limits ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Original Field ◽  
Critical Revision ◽  
And Migration ◽  
North Western

Abstract Orobanche coerulescens has a Eurasian distribution. The species is classified as extinct at most of its localities at the western limit of its range. Its populations are very scarce and critically endangered in Central Europe. This work presents the current distribution of O.coerulescens in Poland, based on a critical revision of herbarium and literature data as well as results of original field research, and reviews its distribution in Central Europe (partly in Eastern Europe). Habitats, plant communities, and migration routes of O.coerulescens in Central Europe are discussed. The species was initially known in Poland from now historical localities in Pomerania and the valley of the lower Vistula. In 2000-2011 it was recorded at 9 localities in Podlasie, the Małopolska Upland (Wyżyna Małopolska), and the Łódź Hills (Wzniesienia Łódzkie). Its abundance at the localities ranged from a few to over 1000 shoots. These are the largest populations of O.coerulescens at its western and north-western range limits.

scholarly journals 21st Century Socialism: Making a State for Revolution

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 537-554
Author(s):  
Lee Artz
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Bolivarian Revolution ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Participatory Communication ◽  
Cultural Challenges ◽  
Public Media

The Bolivarian Revolution in Venezuela has built mass organizations of workers and communities that have erratically challenged class and market relations—verifying that taking political power is difficult but essential to fundamental social change and that capitalist cultural practices complicate the revolutionary process. This work identifies components of state power, separating state apparatus (government) as a crucial site for instituting social change. The case of democratic, participatory communication and public media access is presented as central to the successes and problems of Venezuelan 21st century socialism. Drawing on field research in community media in Caracas, the essay highlights some of the politico-cultural challenges and class contradictions in producing and distributing cultural values and social practices for a new socialist hegemony necessary for fundamental social change.

scholarly journals ‘What is infrastructure? What does it do?’: Anthropological perspectives on the workings of infrastructure(s)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lav Kanoi ◽  
Vanessa Koh ◽  
Al Lim ◽  
Shoko Yamada ◽  
Michael R. Dove
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
Growing Body

Abstract Infrastructure is often thought of in big material terms: dams, buildings, roads, and so on. This study, instead, draws on literatures in anthropology and the social sciences to analyse infrastructures in relation to society and environment, and so cast current conceptions of infrastructure in a new light. Situating the analysis in context of President Biden’s recent infrastructure bill, the paper expands what is meant by and included in discussions of infrastructure. The study examines what it means for different kinds of material infrastructures to function (and for whom) or not, and also consider how the immaterial infrastructure of human relations are manifested in, for example, labour, as well as how infrastructures may create intended or unintended consequences in enabling or disabling social processes. Further, in this study, we examine concepts embedded in thinking about infrastructure such as often presumed distinctions between the technical and the social, nature and culture, the human and the non-human, and the urban and the rural, and how all of these are actually implicated in thinking about infrastructure. Our analysis, thus, draws from a growing body of work on infrastructure in anthropology and the social sciences, enriches it with ethnographic insights from our own field research, and so extends what it means to study ‘infrastructures’ in the 21st century.

Contested Heritage: Relations between contemporary Pagan groups and the archaeological and heritage professions in Britain in the early 21st century

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Rathouse
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Archaeological Heritage Management ◽  
The Early 21St Century

This book examines a tense time in archaeological heritage management. Contemporary Pagan groups were actively contesting ancient sites and campaigning for human corporeal remains to be reburied. This book draws on ethnographic field research conducted by the author between 2008 and 2013 to analyse the contestation from both Pagan and heritage management perspectives.

scholarly journals Games and Fieldwork in Agriculture: A Systematic Review of the 21st Century in Economics and Social Science

Games ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
J. Nicolas Hernandez-Aguilera ◽  
Max Mauerman ◽  
Alexandra Herrera ◽  
Kathryn Vasilaky ◽  
Walter Baethgen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Experimental Games ◽  
Internal And External Validity ◽  
Case Basis

Games are particularly relevant for field research in agriculture, where alternative experimental designs can be costly and unfeasible. Games are also popular for non-experimental purposes such as recreating learning experiences and facilitating dialogue with local communities. After a systematic review of the literature, we found that the volume of published studies employing coordination and cooperation games increased during the 2000–2020 period. In recent years, more attention has been given to the areas of natural resource management, conservation, and ecology, particularly in regions important to agricultural sustainability. Other games, such as trust and risk games, have come to be regarded as standards of artefactual and framed field experiments in agriculture. Regardless of their scope, most games’ results are subject to criticism for their internal and external validity. In particular, a significant portion of the games reviewed here reveal recruitment biases towards women and provide few opportunities for continued impact assessment. However, games’ validity should be judged on a case-by-case basis. Specific cultural aspects of games might reflect the real context, and generalizing games’ conclusions to different settings is often constrained by cost and utility. Overall, games in agriculture could benefit from more significant, frequent, and inclusive experiments and data—all possibilities offered by digital technology. Present-day physical distance restrictions may accelerate this shift. New technologies and engaging mediums to approach farmers might present a turning point for integrating experimental and non-experimental games for agriculture in the 21st century.

scholarly journals EXPANSÃO DO CAPITAL E AÇÕES DOS ESTADOS NACIONAIS NA GRAN AMAZONÍA (2000-2019): impactos e impasses

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (20) ◽  
pp. 202101
Author(s):  
Thais Virga ◽  
Humberto Miranda do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Recent Survey ◽  
South American ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
The South ◽  
Economic Opportunities ◽  
Economic Actor ◽  
America Latina

CAPITAL EXPANSION AND ACTIONS BY NATIONAL STATES IN THE GRAND AMAZONIA (2000-2019): impacts and impassesEXPANSIÓN DE CAPITAL Y ACCIONES DE LOS ESTADOS NACIONALES EN LA GRAN AMAZONÍA (2000-2019): impactos e impassesRESUMOA emergência da China como ator econômico global no limiar do século XXI impactou diretamente na consolidação e ampliação de novos e velhos centros de extração e produção agromineral em grande parte da América Latina. Objetiva-se, neste artigo, discutir sobre relevantes impactos dos investimentos chineses na Gran Amazonía no período 2000-2019 e mostrar como os Estados nacionais sul-americanos contribuíram para incrementar as frentes de expansão neste imenso espaço subcontinental. Como metodologia, apresenta-se o levantamento mais recente sobre as principais frentes de expansão do capital nos países da Gran Amazonía, com base em dados de pesquisa de campo, consultas a instituições governamentais, não governamentais, empresariais e outras organizações civis, além de bibliografia atualizada. Conclui-se que a expansão do capital chinês sobre toda a Gran Amazonía foi produto de uma relação consensual com os Estados Nacionais, gerando oportunidades econômicas, porém, com importantes implicações socioambientais.Palavras-chave: Expansão do Capital (China); Gran Amazonía; Ação dos Países Sul-americanos.ABSTRACTThe emergence of China as a global economic actor on the threshold of the 21st century had a direct impact on the consolidation and expansion of new and old centers of extraction and agromineral production in much of Latin America. The aim of this article is to discuss the relevant impacts of Chinese investments in Gran Amazonía in the period 2000-2019 and to show how the South American national states contributed to the expansion fronts in this immense subcontinental space. As a methodology, the most recent survey on the main fronts of capital expansion in the countries of Gran Amazonía is presented, based on data from field research, consultations with governmental, non-governmental, business and other civil organizations, in addition to updated bibliography. It is concluded that the expansion of Chinese capital over the whole of Gran Amazonía was the product of a consensual relationship with the National States, generating economic opportunities, however, with important socio-environmental implications.Keywords: Capital Expansion (China); Gran Amazonía; Action by South American Countries.RESUMENEl surgimiento de China como actor económico global en el umbral del siglo XXI tuvo un impacto directo en la consolidación y expansión de nuevos y viejos centros de extracción y producción agromineral en gran parte de América Latina. El objetivo de este artículo es discutir los impactos relevantes de las inversiones chinas en la Gran Amazonía en el período 2000-2019 y mostrar cómo los estados nacionales sudamericanos contribuyeron a los frentes de expansión en este inmenso espacio subcontinental. Como metodología se presenta la encuesta más reciente sobre los principales frentes de expansión de capital en los países de la Gran Amazonía, con base en datos de investigaciones de campo, consultas con organizaciones gubernamentales, no gubernamentales, empresariales y otras organizaciones civiles, además de bibliografía actualizada. Se concluye que la expansión del capital chino por toda la Gran Amazonía fue producto de una relación consensuada con los Estados Nacionales, generando oportunidades económicas, sin embargo, con importantes implicaciones socioambientales.Palabras clave: Expansión de Capital (China); Gran Amazonía; Acción de Países Sudamericanos.

scholarly journals Towards the Rise of Eurasia. Competing Geopolitical Narratives and Responses

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Regional Studies ◽  
Wide Audience ◽  
Comprehensive Picture

At the beginning of the 21st century, the unity of Europe and Asia took on a new meaning, leading to an appreciation of Eurasian thinking - which has a long tradition in geopolitics -, allowing different narratives to be born in different countries. The aim of this volume is to present in detail the interconnected geopolitical narratives that are emerging in various countries. As a similar book that examines the image of Eurasia through narratives has not yet been published in the region, this publication can be seen as a ground-breaking step. This work contains studies by experts in geopolitics - both foreign and domestic specialists - that undoubtedly contribute to the development of geopolitical research in Central and Eastern Europe. With their help, the reader can get a comprehensive picture of how the great powers and smaller countries on the supercontinent (as well as in the United States) interpret Eurasia, what the main features are of each narrative, and which factors and processes are helping and hindering their implementation. The publisher of the volume, the lnstitute of lnternational, Political and Regional Studies at Corvinus University, is strongly committed to exploring current developments in geopolitics, thereby contributing to their better understanding. The latest volume in the series 'Corvinus Geographia, Geopolitica, Geooeconomia' may be of interest to a wide audience. As well as being relevant to those interested in geopolitics, it will appeal to those who seek to understand the changing landscape of international relations of the 21st century.

scholarly journals VALUING APPLES: FROM THE MYSTIC APPLE TO THE DIGITAL APPLES OF THE 21st CENTURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilüfer Pembecioğlu ◽  
Nebahat Akgün Çomak
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Smart Agriculture ◽  
Time And Energy

Apple is one of the first pieces of food mentioned in the earliest stories and books of mankind and different values were attributed to apple throughout the whole history. Various societies contributed to the appreciation of it placing it in their lullabies or fairy tales as well as in their daily communication and diet. Even if it seems to be so common, humble, and accessible, the lack of it is also interpreted in different ways. Yet, nowadays, it became one of the main foods of the 21st century as well. Following a quantitative and descriptive methodology and analyzing the values attributed to Apple, this paper provides a glimpse of its history and aims to analyze the ‘Apple’ case in Turkey regarding it not only as a ‘mystic’ product affecting the whole humanity but also as an agricultural product to be paid attention with the new trends in food processing in its developing aspects. Whereas the agricultural people spend more time and energy in producing better crops all around the world, the apple case in Turkey puts a shade on modernity placing apple growers away from sustainability, innovation, and productivity. Dwelling on the media coverage of the past few years regarding the apple as a content, the paper aims to introduce the main value of the apple as a product of agriculture and handles the problem of what to do in the case of apple production in its modern sense. Field research is enriched as to provide qualitative reports based on the focus group discussions and interviews with the apple producers and decision-makers as to put forward how apple is priced or degraded. In conclusion, it provides a needs analysis format, a systematic approach to the problem as a process of identifying and evaluating the apple case. As the results put forward, growing apples require valuing them. It also requires better-established facts, better-trained people, and concentrating more on the specific needs of employees, customers, suppliers, etc. These needs are often referred to as “gaps,” or the difference between what is currently done and what should be performed. So, re-valuing apples requires to bridge the gap between the mystic apples and the digital apples of the 21st century. Today’s farmers, should become a part of the network, enrich their cultivation methodology and innovation capacities as to reach to precision agriculture substructure and techniques to be able to become a part of the smart agriculture. Otherwise, they keep on just swallowing the mud of the field or consuming the fake news instead of reality. JEL: O13; Q10; Q12; Q13; Q15 <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0723/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

scholarly journals Preventive diplomacy as a tool for conflict solutions in Eastern Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (71) ◽  
pp. 492-504
Author(s):  
Iryna Habro ◽  
Mykhailo Fedorenko ◽  
Liudmyla Vovchuk ◽  
Tatiana Zholonko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Modern World ◽  
World Community ◽  
Historical Method

The modern world community is concerned about the search for humane, non-forceful methods for solving hybrid conflicts that characterize the system of international relations of the 21st century. That is why the concept of preventive diplomacy has become popular and in demand. The conflict in the East of Ukraine has shown that this concept has some flaws in terms of its implementation in practice. Using the historical method, the key means of implementing preventive diplomacy are revealed. The article analyzes examples of the use of preventive diplomacy methods for solving conflicts in Europe by the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. The authors used the method of comparative analysis to compare examples of implementation of the principles of preventive diplomacy by different international players. Attention is drawn to the fact that excessive caution of the OSCE and unwillingness to call Russia a participant in the conflict and even more, so an aggressor country led to skepticism about the organization itself in Ukraine.

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