scholarly journals Glacier changes in the Karlik Shan, eastern Tien Shan, during 1971/72–2001/02

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (53) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yetang Wang ◽  
Shugui Hou ◽  
Yaping Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Summer Temperature ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Glacier Area ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Glacier Changes

AbstractGlacier changes in the Karlik Shan, eastern Tien Shan, from 1971/72 to 2001/02 were monitored in this study. Topographic maps of 1 : 50 000 scale based on aerial photographs from 1971/72 and satellite images (Landsat TM, Landsat ETM+ and ASTER) from 1992, 2001 and 2002 were used to map glacier extent through a process of manual digitizing. The total glacier area decreased by 5.3% from 1971/72 to 2001/02. The rate of glacier area shrinkage was 0.13% a–1 between 1972 and 1992, but it was 0.27% a–1 from 1992 to 2001/02, suggesting accelerated glacier retreat in recent decades. Glacier changes in the region are a response to summer temperature increase. Annual precipitation also showed an upward trend, but this could not compensate for the mass loss due to ablation.

scholarly journals Glacier area shrinkage in eastern Nepal Himalaya since 1992 using high-resolution inventories from aerial photographs and ALOS satellite images

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (233) ◽  
pp. 512-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUNAL OJHA ◽  
KOJI FUJITA ◽  
KATSUHIKO ASAHI ◽  
AKIKO SAKAI ◽  
DAMODAR LAMSAL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Glacier Area ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Nepal Himalaya ◽  
Glacier Changes ◽  
Maximum Elevation ◽  
Wide Scale

ABSTRACTTo better understand the recent wide-scale changes in glacier coverage, we created and compared two glacier inventories covering eastern Nepal, based on aerial photographs (1992) and high-resolution Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) imagery (2006–10). The ALOS-derived inventory contained 1034 debris-free and 256 debris-covered glaciers with total and average areas of 440.2 ± 33.3 and 0.42 km2 and 1074.4 ± 206.4 and 4.19 km2, respectively. We found that the debris-free glaciers have lost 11.2% (0.7 ± 0.1% a−1) of their area since 1992, whereas the number of glaciers increased by 5% because of fragmentation. The area change was significantly correlated by simple linear regression with minimum elevation (r = 0.30), maximum elevation (r = −0.18), altitudinal range (r = −0.50), glacier area (r = −0.62) and mean slope (r = 0.16), confirming that larger glaciers tended to lose a larger area (but a smaller percentage) than smaller glaciers. The intra-regional analysis of the glacier changes clearly showed higher shrinkage rates in the western massifs compared with the eastern massifs. In addition, 61 small glaciers covering an area of 2.4 km2 have completely disappeared since 1992.

scholarly journals Glacier changes in the central and northern Tien Shan during the last 140 years based on surface and remote-sensing data

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 202-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir B. Aizen ◽  
Valeriy A. Kuzmichenok ◽  
Arzhan B. Surazakov ◽  
Elena M. Aizen
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Precise Evaluation ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Glacier Changes ◽  
Precipitation Increase ◽  
Northern Tien Shan

AbstractThis research presents a precise evaluation of the recession of Akshiirak and Ala Archa glaciers, Tien Shan, central Asia, based on data of geodetic surveys from 1861–69, aerial photographs from 1943, 1963, 1977 and 1981, 1:25000 scale topographic maps and SRTM and ASTER data from 2000–03. The Akshiirak glacierized massif in the central Tien Shan contains 178 glaciers covering 371.6 km2, and the Ala Archa glacier basin in the northern Tien Shan contains 48 glaciers covering 36.31 km2. The Tien Shan glaciers retreated as much as 3 km from the 1860s to 2003. Area shrinkage of Akshiirak and Ala Archa was 4.2% and 5.1%, respectively, from 1943 to 1977, and 8.7% and 10.6%, respectively, from 1977 to 2003. The volume of the Akshiirak glaciers was reduced by 3.566 km3 from 1943 to 1977 and 6.145 km3 from 1977 to 2000. The total reduction of the Tien Shan glaciers is 14.2% during the last 60 years (1943–2003). The northern and central Tien Shan have not experienced a significant precipitation increase during the last 100 years, but they have experienced an increase in summer air temperatures, especially observable since the 1970s, which accelerated the recession of the Tien Shan glaciers.

scholarly journals Recent retreat of the Elbrus glacier system

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (231) ◽  
pp. 94-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
IULIAN-HORIA HOLOBÂCĂ
Keyword(s):  
Summer Temperature ◽  
Glacier Area ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Glacier Surface ◽  
Glacier System ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Glacier Changes ◽  
Global Land ◽  
Increasing Trend

The glacier system covering Europe's highest mountain, Elbrus, has exhibited an accelerated retreat since 1980. Some studies have related this retreat to a significant summer temperature increasing trend. Relief- and aspect-related parameters for the glacierized area have an important impact on glacier changes. In this paper, the changes in glacier area are identified, quantified and correlated with relief parameters for the period 1985–2007. Spatial analysis was performed using the GLAM-CD (Glacier Mapper – Change Detector) algorithm. The input data for this algorithm were Landsat 5 images, the Aster Global Digital Elevation and the glacier outlines from the GLIMS project (Global Land Ice Measurements from Space). Regression analyses between glacier area losses and relief-related parameters indicate a significant positive relation with the altitude and a significant negative relation with the glacier surface area. In this context, we used a correlated component regression to model these relations. The model explains >50% of the total variation.

scholarly journals A doubling of glacier mass loss in the Karlik Range, easternmost Tien Shan, between the periods 1972–2000 and 2000–2015

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Zhujun Wan ◽  
Yetang Wang ◽  
Shugui Hou ◽  
Baojuan Huai ◽  
Qi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Glacier Mass Balance ◽  
Regional Warming ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
X Band

Abstract Despite a number of studies reporting glacier extent changes and their response to climate change over the eastern Tien Shan, glacier mass-balance changes over multiple decades are still not well reconstructed. Here, glacier mass budgets on the Karlik Range, easternmost Tien Shan during the time spans of 1972–2000 and 2000–2015 are quantified using digital elevation models reconstructed from topographic maps, SRTM X-band radar data and ASTER images. The results exhibit significant glacier mass loss in the Karlik Range for the two time spans, with a mean mass loss of −0.19 ± 0.08 m w.e. a−1 for the 1972–2000 period and −0.45 ± 0.17 m w.e. a−1 for the 2000–2015 period. The doubling of mass loss over the latter period suggests an acceleration of glacier mass loss in the early 21st century. The accelerated mass loss is associated with regional warming whereas the decline in annual precipitation is not significant.

scholarly journals Topographic and geometric controls on glacier changes in the central Tien Shan, China, since the Little Ice Age

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (66) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanan Li ◽  
Yingkui Li
Keyword(s):  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Glacier Area ◽  
Equilibrium Line Altitude ◽  
Local Factors ◽  
Glacier Changes

AbstractThis paper examines the topographic and geometric controls on glacier changes in area and equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) in the central Tien Shan, China, since the Little Ice Age (LIA). We delineate the extents of 487 modern glaciers and their corresponding maximum LIA glacial advances using satellite imagery in Google Earth, and analyze the relationships between the magnitude of glacier changes and a set of local topographic/geometric factors including glacier area, slope, aspect, shape, hypsometry and mean elevation. Our results show that: (1) glacier area decreased from 460.2 km2 during the LIA to 265.6 km2 in the 2000s (a loss of 42.3%), with an average ELA increase of ~100m; (2) relative area changes of glaciers are strongly affected by two of these local factors (glacier area and mean elevation); and (3) ELA change does not show a strong relationship with local factors, suggesting that it may be controlled mainly by climatic factors. This study provides important insights into the local controls on glacier changes at the centennial timescale, which are of critical importance to assess future glacier changes in this arid and semi-arid region.

scholarly journals Mass-balance observation, reconstruction and sensitivity of Stok glacier, Ladakh region, India, between 1978 and 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (258) ◽  
pp. 627-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Soheb ◽  
Alagappan Ramanathan ◽  
Thupstan Angchuk ◽  
Arindan Mandal ◽  
Naveen Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Summer Temperature ◽  
Glacier Area ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
Balance Condition ◽  
Data Period ◽  
Good Agreement

AbstractWe present the first-ever mass-balance (MB) observation (2014–19), reconstruction (between 1978 and 2019) and sensitivity of debris-free Stok glacier (33.98°N, 77.45°E), Ladakh Region, India. In-situ MB was negative throughout the study period except in 2018/19 when the glacier witnessed a balanced condition. For MB modelling, three periods were considered based on the available data. Period I (1978–87, 1988/89) witnessed a near balance condition (−0.03 ± 0.35 m w.e. a−1) with five positive MB years. Whereas Period II (1998–2002, 2003–09) and III (2011–19) experienced high (−0.9 ± 0.35 m w.e. a−1) and moderate (−0.46 ± 0.35 m w.e. a−1) negative MBs, respectively. Glacier area for these periods was derived from the Corona, Landsat and PlanetScope imageries using a semi-automatic approach. The in-situ and modelled MBs were in good agreement with RMSE of 0.23 m w.e. a−1, R2 = 0.92, P < 0.05. The average mass loss was moderate (−0.47 ± 0.35 m w.e. a−1) over 28 hydrological years between 1978 and 2019. Sensitivity analysis showed that the glacier was more sensitive to summer temperature (−0.32 m w.e. a−1 °C−1) and winter precipitation (0.12 m w.e. a−1 for ± 10%). It was estimated that ~27% increase in precipitation is required on Stok glacier to compensate for the mass loss due to 1°C rise in temperature.

scholarly journals Glacier changes in the Koshi River basin, central Himalaya, from 1976 to 2009, derived from remote-sensing imagery

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (66) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghui Shangguan ◽  
Shiyin Liu ◽  
Yongjian Ding ◽  
Lizong Wu ◽  
Wei Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Central Himalaya ◽  
Glacier Area ◽  
Area Loss ◽  
Glacier Changes ◽  
Precipitation Decrease ◽  
Koshi River Basin ◽  
The Himalaya

AbstractWe use remote-sensing and GIS technologies to monitor glacier changes in the Koshi River basin, central Himalaya. The results indicate that in 2009 there were 2061 glaciers in this region, with a total area of 3225 ±90.3 km2. This glacier population is divided into 1290 glaciers, with a total area of 1961 ±54.9 km2, on the north side of the Himalaya (NSH), and 771 glaciers, with a total area of 1264 ± 35.4 km2, on the south side of the Himalaya (SSH). From 1976 to 2009, glacier area in the basin decreased by about 19±5.6% (0.59±0.17%a–1). Glacier reduction was slightly faster on SSH (20.3 ±5.6%) than on NSH (18.8±5.6%). The maximum contribution to glacier area loss came from glaciers within the 1-5 km2 area interval, which accounted for 32% of total area loss between 1976 and 2009. The number of glaciers in the Koshi River catchment decreased by 145 between 1976 and 2009. Glacier area on SSH decreased at a rate of 6.2 ±3.2% (0.68 ±0.36% a–1), faster than on NSH, where the rate was 2.5 ±3.2% (0.27±0.36% a–1) during 2000-09. Based on records from Tingri weather station, we infer that temperature increase and precipitation decrease were the main causes of glacier thinning and retreat during the 1976-2000 period. Glacier retreat during the 2000-09 period appears to be controlled by temperature increase, since precipitation increase over this period did not offset ice losses to surface melting.

scholarly journals Glacier changes in the Garhwal Himalaya, India, from 1968 to 2006 based on remote sensing

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (203) ◽  
pp. 543-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Bhambri ◽  
Tobias Bolch ◽  
Ravinder Kumar Chaujar ◽  
Subhash Chandra Kulshreshtha
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Thermal Emission ◽  
Garhwal Himalaya ◽  
Glacier Area ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Glacier Changes ◽  
Climate Interactions ◽  
Recession Rates

AbstractGlacier outlines are mapped for the upper Bhagirathi and Saraswati/Alaknanda basins of the Garhwal Himalaya using Corona and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) satellite images acquired in 1968 and 2006, respectively. A subset of glaciers was also mapped using Landsat TM images acquired in 1990. Glacier area decreased from 599.9 ± 15.6 km2(1968) to 572.5 ± 18.0 km2(2006), a loss of 4.6 ± 2.8%. Glaciers in the Saraswati/Alaknanda basin and upper Bhagirathi basin lost 18.4 ± 9.0 km2(5.7 ± 2.7%) and 9.0 ± 7.7 km2(3.3 ± 2.8%), respectively, from 1968 to 2006. Garhwal Himalayan glacier retreat rates are lower than previously reported. More recently (1990–2006), recession rates have increased. The number of glaciers in the study region increased from 82 in 1968 to 88 in 2006 due to fragmentation of glaciers. Smaller glaciers (<1 km2) lost 19.4 ± 2.5% (0.51 ± 0.07% a−1) of their ice, significantly more than for larger glaciers (>50 km2) which lost 2.8 ± 2.7% (0.074 ± 0.071 % a−1). From 1968 to 2006, the debris-covered glacier area increased by 17.8 ± 3.1% (0.46 ± 0.08% a−1) in the Saraswati/Alaknanda basin and 11.8 ± 3.0% (0.31 ± 0.08% a−1) in the upper Bhagirathi basin. Climate records from Mukhim (∼1900 m a.s.l.) and Bhojbasa (∼3780 m a.s.l.) meteorological stations were used to analyze climate conditions and trends, but the data are too limited to make firm conclusions regarding glacier–climate interactions.

scholarly journals Investigating the existence of a "palaeo-foreshore" zone at Molos beach (Kefalos bay, Paros, Greece).

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 1572
Author(s):  
S. Poulos ◽  
G. Ghionis ◽  
S. Petrakis
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Images ◽  
Coastal Dunes ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Present Position ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Geomorphological Mapping ◽  
Rock Formations ◽  
Beach Rock ◽  
Water Depths

The present study investigates the existence of a "palaeo-foreshore zone" at Molos beach  in  or  after  1884  A.D.,  as  defined  in  the  Greek  legislation  (Law  2971/ 19.12.2001). To this end, existing geological and climatological information were gathered, detailed geomorphological mapping was carried out and surficial sediment  samples  were  collected  along  a  shore-normal  transect  extending  from  the backshore  to  the  nearshore  (subaqueous)  zone.  In  addition,  sedimentological /stratigraphical data were obtained from two trenches (1.5 m and 3 m deep) that were excavated on the landward side of the coastal dunes. Topographic maps, aerial photographs and satellite images are used to study the recent changes of the shoreline position. On the basis of the above, it is concluded that the current backshore zone has recently evolved from a shallow lagoonal, to a terrestrial environment. The submerged beach rock formations are at similar water depths (0.3-0.4 m) with those observed in other islands of the Cyclades complex (i.e. Rhenia, Naxos) whose formation has been radio-carbon dated at least 200 years BP, indicating  that the 1884 A.D. shoreline was not landward, but approximately 15 m offshore relative to its present position 

scholarly journals Glacier changes over the past 144 years at Alexandra Fiord, Ellesmere Island, Canada

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Allison N. Curley ◽  
William H. Kochtitzky ◽  
Benjamin R. Edwards ◽  
Luke Copland
Keyword(s):  
Average Rate ◽  
Ellesmere Island ◽  
Surface Elevation ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Glacier Area ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rates Of Change ◽  
Glacier Changes ◽  
The Mean

Abstract In this study, we use aerial photographs, satellite imagery and field observations to quantify changes in the area, terminus length, snowline elevation and surface elevation of eight glaciers in the Alexandra Fiord region, eastern Ellesmere Island, between 1959 and 2019. Comparisons to written and pictorial descriptions from the British Arctic Expedition extend the record of change in terminus position and surface elevation to 1875 for Twin Glacier. Glacier area at Alexandra Fiord decreased by a total of 15.77 ± 0.65 km2 (11.77 ± 0.49%) between 1959 and 2019, the mean end of summer snowline increased in elevation by 360 ± 84 m (8 ± 2 m a−1) between 1974 and 2019, and the glaciers thinned at an average rate of 0.60 ± 0.06 m a−1 between 2001 and 2018. Annual rates of terminus retreat were ~3–5 times higher over the period 1974–2019 compared to 1875–1974, and rates of thinning were ~2–3 times higher over 2001–18 compared to 1875–2001. Our results are consistent with rates of change determined for other glaciers of similar size on Ellesmere Island, and with accelerated rates of ice loss coincident with regional increases in air temperature of ~1.5°C since the early 1980s.

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