Ecole des Annals and Iraqi Perception: Its Impact on Early Iraqi Historians

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (138) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Nagham Abd AL-Hadi Mahdi Hassan ◽  
Mahmoud Abdulwahid M. Al-Qaysi
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Economic History ◽  
First Generation ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Main Interest ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
Political Economic

The article is a study of the Ecole des annals' impact on the first generation of Iraqi historians and historiography during the 20th century. The Ecole des annals had emerged as a reaction of the 1st world war disasters and its destructive results which implicated on the political, economic and intellectual situations in Europe during the interwar period. The school had founded in 1929 by two French historians: Marc Bloch (1886-1944) and Lucien Febvre (1878-1956), and published its first journal " Annales d'histoire économique et sociale", in addition to publications of the school which concentrated on social and economic history, and kept away from the political history which was the main interest of "École méthodique" (Methodological school) since late 19th century and its journal " Revue historique" at 1876. The annals school had important influences on the European and American, and then world historiography since its rise up to present. The school had moved the historiography from political and diplomatic aspects to social, intellectual and economic issues.

scholarly journals Between history and politics: the image of Mykhailo Hrushevsky in German Slavic studies of the first third of the 20th century

2022 ◽  
pp. 103-125
Author(s):  
Vitalii Telvak ◽  
Viktoria Telvak ◽  
Bohdan Yanyshyn
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Academic Motivation ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Academic Achievements ◽  
German Science ◽  
Slavic Studies

The article is dedicated to the reception of Mykhailo Hrushevsky’s academic achievements in German science and journalism during the first third of the 20th century, in the years of World War I and the interwar period. The authors emphasize that German scientists were generally honest about the achievements and activity of the Ukrainian historian. Despite their scepticism towards M. Hrushevsky’s Anti-Normanism ideology, they followed closely the emergence of his major scientific works. In the reception of the Ukrainian historian’s work, the academic motivation definitely dominated over the political one, although the latter indirectly appeared in many statements devoted to him. The authors prove the vivid presence of Hrushevsky’s thought in the German Slavic discourse of the period.

Sorana Țopa - A destiny under the wing of time

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-319
Author(s):  
Carmen Antochi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
First World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The City ◽  
First World

Abstract During the first world war, the city of Iasi played the role of the ‘wartime capital’ of Romania. Besides the political-economic structures, The National Theatres of Bucharest and Craiova moved temporarily to Iasi, leading to Iasi being a cultural capital as well, a reputation which it has kept even to this day. In the interwar period, Romania blossomed culturally unlike ever before, a true intellectual, cultural and artistic revival under the influence of the currents travelling through European stages. In spite of the laurels earned, the name of Sorana Topa is too little known. Formed by the Iasi theatre school, noticed and hired by the national theather of iasi by Marin Sadoveanu, promoted by the previous directors of Iasi theatre, she is offered the chance to study in Paris along with her stage colleagues Aurel and Maria Ghițescu.

scholarly journals JOAQUÍN COSTA I REGENERACJA HISZPANII

2018 ◽  
pp. 359-373
Author(s):  
Dominika Gołaszewska-Rusinowska
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Political System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
Late 19Th Century

This case study focuses on the life and work of Joaquín Costa. He was a Spanish intellectual who in late 19th century and early 20th century started the intellectual and political movement called Regenerationism. This movement emerged in response against the political system of Spanish Restoration.  

The Unraveling

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-90
Author(s):  
David Bosco
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War I ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
World War ◽  
Labor Regulations ◽  
Naval Power ◽  
The World

The world wars of the 20th century saw the collapse of pre-war rules designed to protect merchant shipping from interference. In both wars, combatants engaged in unrestricted submarine warfare and imposed vast ocean exclusion zones, leading to unprecedented interference with ocean commerce. After World War I, the United States began to supplant Britain as the leading naval power, and it feuded with Britain over maritime rights. Other developments in the interwar period included significant state-sponsored ocean research, including activity by Germany in the Atlantic and the Soviets in the Arctic. Maritime commerce was buffeted by the shocks of the world wars. Eager to trim costs, US shipping companies experimented with “flags of convenience” to avoid new national safety and labor regulations. The question of the breadth of the territorial sea remained unresolved, as governments bickered about the appropriate outer limit of sovereign control.

Oceanography, but not As A Profession: Its Status in Greece During the Late 19th and the Early 20th Centuries

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Vlahakis
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Practice ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
World War ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Systematic Character

Although oceanography in Greece reached international standards only recently, it has its origins as an independent scientific practice in the late 19th century due to the work of Andreas Miaoulis, a brilliant officer of the Hellenic Navy who cooperated with the English admiral Arthur Mansel for the solution of the Euripus problem. During the early 20th century oceanographic studies took a more systematic character under the supervision of the Hellenic Thalassographic Committee and several reports and books were published before World War II, which interrupted the evolution of oceanography in Greece.

scholarly journals Beijing Subway and the Political and Economic Development of China

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Yixiao Guo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
The Political ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Xinhua News Agency ◽  
The World ◽  
Subway System ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Beijing Subway

This research paper analyses the main purposes the Beijing subway system, which served from 1969 to now as a tool of political defense as well as a transportation system. The notion to construct the system arose in 1953, but the first section of today’s Line 1 did not open until September 1969.  Today, the Beijing subway system is the world’s busiest in terms of annual ridership and the world’s second longest subway system, ranking only behind Shanghai’s. (Xinhua News Agency, 2017, http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2017-12/30/c_1122188643.htm.) The political and economic development and trends in China in the second half of 20th century and the first decade of the 21st century, such as the Cultural Revolution and the 2008 Olympics, affected the subway system’s development greatly. This paper examines Chinese documents with the aim of providing a general understanding of the development and purpose of the Beijing system, through political, economic and technical analysis, among others, of its history. There exists almost no document, ¬¬either in English or Chinese, that analyzes the development of Beijing’s subway system. However, this topic should be considered important, as it provides an alternative way of viewing the development of China and its governing principles throughout its late-20th century and current-day history.

scholarly journals Trnova pot razvoja narodne ideje v 20. stoletju: problemi oblikovanja naroda na Slovenskem in v Ukrajini skozi oči ukrajinskega zgodovinarja

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-144
Author(s):  
Katerina Malšina ◽  
Jevgen Sinkevič
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Independence Movement ◽  
European Nation ◽  
Related Idea ◽  
The Difference

DIFFICULT PATH TO DEVELOPING THE IDEA OF A NATION IN THE 20TH CENTURY: PROBLEMS IN FORMING A NATION IN SLOVENIA AND UKRAINE AS SEEN BY AN UKRAINIAN HISTORIANThe article presents the development of the idea of a nation by comparing constitutional and social processes in Slovenia and Ukraine from the second half of the 19thcentury to the end of the 20thcentury. Upon examining the documentary and narrative sources on the formation of the Ukrainian and Slovenian nations, the authors point out that both Slovenians and Ukrainians co-existed within one country – the Austro-Hungarian Empire – as well as to the chronological and thematic similarity of historical independence movement processes in both countries, focusing on the period of Austria-Hungary, as well as on the time after World War I and World War II. The emphasis is on defining the following terms: What is a “national idea” compared to the political and state-related idea? What is the difference between the Slovenian and Ukrainian national idea? How should we define the “Slovenian nation” and the “European nation” today?

scholarly journals A Critique of the Concept of “Non-Western Political Process”

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1(50)) ◽  
pp. 5-31
Author(s):  
Dmitry V. Mosyakov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
The Political ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Universal Mechanism

The article is devoted to criticism of the concept of the so-called “non-Western political process”. Author expresses the opinion that this concept, formulated back in the mid-50s of the 20th century, is outdated today. The fact is that after the active phase of the globalization process and huge changes in the political, economic and social structure of Eastern societies over the past 60 years, the differences between how politics is done in the West and the East have virtually disappeared. The article provides evidence that now we can see a certain universal mechanism of power, which is equally intensively used in both Western and Eastern societies and states.

scholarly journals Poezja wciąż uwikłana najnowsze tłumaczenia liryki Rudyarda Kiplinga na tle jej wcześniejszej recepcji przekładowej w Polsce

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Luboń
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Postcolonial Studies ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
Rudyard Kipling ◽  
World War ◽  
Communist State ◽  
Second World ◽  
Political Turn ◽  
Nobel Prize Laureate

The article discusses the latest Polish translations of verses by Rudyard Kipling and their relations with current literary, cultural and ideological discourses in Poland. Retrospective recapitulation of the manners the poetry of British Nobel Prize Laureate was interpreted and analyzed throughout its history clearly suggests at least one common pattern in critical and translational perception of Kipling’s texts. After the years at the turn of 19th and 20th Centuries, when his poetry had been marginalized by Polish publishers as supporting colonial politics of European empires, his poetical works – for the same reason – were often translated and eagerly printed during the interwar period. Ostracism for his “imperialistic” agenda after the Second World War in the communist state of People’s Republic of Poland only slightly changed after the political turn in 1989, since the translations of Kipling’s writings remained sparse and occasional due to the popularity of postcolonial studies among Polish readers and critics. Numerous of the latest translations also link Kipling’s poetry to Polish social and political context – often as a result of arbitrary changes introduced by the translators in the target texts.

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