Main criteria for assessing the content of heavy metals in bottom sediments of water bodies

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Boris Korzhenevskiy ◽  
Gleb Tolkachev ◽  
Nikolay Kolomiycev
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽  
Pore Solution ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Main Criterion ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Secondary Pollution

The main criteria for assessing the content of heavy metals in sediments of water bodies. At present, the methodology for rationing pollutants in bottom sediments of surface watercourses is clearly not sufficiently developed. There are various and significantly different approaches to the assessment of soil contamination with heavy metals. The maximum permissible concentration (MAC), which is the main criterion for assessing the levels of pollution, is not perfect and needs to be significantly adjusted. A number of methodological assessments of contamination of bottom sediments with heavy metals with comparative characteristics are considered, of which a method for estimating the anthropogenic load on a reservoir according to its geo-classes has been proposed as one of the best. The gross content of heavy metals in bottom sediments of water bodies does not give a sufficient idea of the possibility of secondary pollution of water masses and, as a result, subsequent toxic effects. A much more important indicator is their content and distribution by forms of existence in the solid phase and pore solution of bottom sediments. As a consequence, this article develops a topic for estimating possible secondary pollution of water bodies by determining the content and distribution of TM by forms of existence in the solid phase and pore sediment solution.

Trace element speciation in water and bottom sediments of the Pirogov water reservoir

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
O. A. Lipatnikova ◽  
T. N. Lubkova ◽  
N. A. Korobova
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Manganese Oxides ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Metal Speciation ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Element Speciation ◽  
Iron And Manganese

The composition and speciation of trace elements (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni, Co, Mn, Fe, Ba, and Sr) in surface water and bottom sediments of the Pirogov water reservoir have been studied. It was found that the metal content in surface water does not exceed the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) for fishery water reservoir excluded Zn (2–9 MPC) and Cu (up to 2 MPC). According to results of thermodynamic calculations, the predominant metal speciation in water is the free ion (Sr, Ba, Zn, Ni, Co, Cd), fulvate (Cu) and carbonate (Pb) complex. The interstitial water is characterized by an increase in the content of sulfate complex of trace elements in loams, the solid phase of which is also characterized by slightly anomalous contents of Zn, Cd, Co, and Ni. According to data of sequential selective procedure, metals are predominantly immobilized in solid phase of bottom sediments in the crystal structure of silicates or bounded to iron and manganese oxides. Only for Cd and Mn exchangeable and bound to carbonates fractions are characterized by considerable relative contents.

scholarly journals RAIL TRANSPORT AS A SOURCE OF SOIL CONTAMINATION WITH HEAVY METALS

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-96
Author(s):  
Ivan Viktorovich Kazantsev
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Soil Pollution ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽  
Rail Transport ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Railway Station ◽  
Railroad Tracks ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Contamination Of Soils

This article discusses the pollution of soils with heavy metals in the vicinity of railways. Describes the ways and means of receipt of pollutants in soil. Investigated pollution with heavy metals of tap railroad Kuibyshev railway. Presents the results of the comparison of soil pollution with heavy metals in comparison with the maximum permissible concentration and regional background levels. The studied area of the Kuibyshev railway station 1004 km to the station Obsharovka direction Samara-Syzran on the contents in the soils of tap railroad 4 heavy metals: Fe, Сu, Мn, Cг. Revealed that the pattern of distribution of heavy metals away from the railroad tracks play a role as natural and artificial barriers. The natural barriers include shelterbelts, and the artificial - the presence of solid fences. Due to the close proximity of agricultural lands to railroad tracks is particularly important to take into account the contamination of soils by heavy metals in the bends of the Railways. Many heavy metals can accumulate in plants (agricultural) and, accordingly, to be involved in the system plant - man; plant - animal - man, which contributes to the deteriorating health of the population.

scholarly journals Development of Integral Criteria of Separation of Reservoirs Bottom Sediments Potentially Hazardous Zones.

2016 ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Secondary Pollution ◽  
Surface Water Modeling ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Hazard Level

In 2011–2013 complex experiments were conducted on the Uchinsk reservoir water area during different hydrological seasons. As a result of these researches a hydrodynamic model of Uchinsk reservoir has been developed on the basis of SMS v.10.1 (Surface-water Modeling System) licensed software package by AQUAVEO LLC in 2d approximation.The main factors influencing secondary pollution caused by bottom sediments, spreading of pollutants supplied from bottom sediments, as well as possibility to control the reservoir water quality have been highlighted. Quantitative hydro/physical, hydro/dynamic, and hydro/chemical criteria for forecasting of the probability of secondary pollution caused by the reservoir bottom sediments have been developed. A concept of reservoir zoning by the hazard level of water mass secondary pollution with heavy metals during the period of conditions favorable for heavy metals output from bottom sediments. On the basis of these criteria mapping of the Uchisk reservoir water area with the use of a mathematical model has been carried out. Measures on the reduction of the reservoir secondary pollution probability have been proposed.

Pressures and impact analysis in the Dnipro river basin within Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Osadcha ◽  
Yurii Nabyvanets ◽  
Volodimir Osadchyi ◽  
Olha Ukhan ◽  
Valeriy Osypov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Diffuse Sources

<p>The third largest European river Dnipro covers 48% of Ukraine’s territory. An analysis of the main anthropogenic pressures in the Dnipro Basin was first performed according to the requirements of EU WFD.</p><p>Surface water pollution by organic substances and nutrients is principally attributed with point sources, among which the municipal wastewaters play the dominant role. The main load by organic substances and nutrients is caused by the wastewater discharges of big cities with Population Equivalent >100 000; 89% of such cities are located within the sub-basins of Middle Dnipro and Lower Dnipro. </p><p>Point sources form 33% of nitrogen and 61% of phosphorus loads in the Dnipro Basin. Diffuse sources related to agricultural production cause incoming of 29% of nitrogen and 36% of phosphorus. Phosphorus is transported to the water bodies mainly with erosion particles. </p><p>Natural conditions in the River Basin are one of the reasons of nitrogen load significant share (33%). Humus compounds and nitrogen compounds enter into water bodies due to the high bogginess of the Dnipro Basin upper part, especially the Prypiaty Basin. This leads to winter and summer anoxia in the rivers and upper reservoirs and creates prerequisites for eutrophication of the Dnipro cascade reservoirs. Rivers of the Prypiaty sub-basin, Upper Dnipro, and Desna sub-basins are extremely vulnerable to anthropogenic pollution by nutrients and organic substances that generates the increased background of organic compounds and nitrogen in the Dnipro reservoirs cascade. </p><p>The load of the Dnipro Basin surface water by hazardous substances (especially synthetic) still remains insufficiently studied. Currently, information is only available regarding load by heavy metals included to the list of priority substances and some other ones. Water pollution by metals is noted mostly in the Lower Dnipro sub-basin where the most of the metallurgical enterprises are located. </p><p>The high application of pesticides (> 3 kg/ha) in 4 administrative Rayons leads to the appearance of risk conditions for pollution of xenobiotics in 50 surface water bodies (SWBs). </p><p>The Dnipro reservoirs cascade serves as a powerful geochemical barrier causing heavy metals and pesticides deposition in bottom sediments. The highest pollution by metals is noted in the sediments of the Dnipro reservoirs that receive the metallurgy enterprises wastewaters. Probability of significant secondary remobilization is foremost noted for Cadmium. Organochloride pesticides content in the bottom sediments is 2 to 5 times lower than maximal allowable concentration in soil. </p><p>Water abstraction volume is around 22% of the annual flow of 95% probability. The natural flow of the Dnipro is regulated by 6 large reservoirs. Besides, there are 1072 dams and other cross-sectional artificial installations. Natural morphology changes are observed in a large number of rivers within the Dnipro Basin. </p><p>It was found that 56% of the Dnipro Basin SWBs are at risk of failing the “good” ecological status.</p><p>Hydromorphological alterations cause the main anthropogenic pressure in the Dnipro Basin (concerning 45% of the SWBs). Risks from diffuse sources and point sources are observed in 23% and 5% of SWBs, respectively.</p>

scholarly journals FEATURES OF HEAVY METALS DISTRIBUTION IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF THE RIVERS OF UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
N. G. Lyuta
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Geochemical Background ◽  
Metallogenic Province ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Background Content

The chemical composition of bottom sediments is an important indicator of the ecological state of both water systems and watershed areas, since contaminated bottom sediments are a potential source of secondary pollution of aquatic systems. The analysis of recent publications shows that great attention has been paid to the chemical composition of bottom sediments, however, as a rule, these studies are of a local nature, that is, they cover very small areas. This often raises the issue of criteria for assessing the ecological and geochemical status of bottom sediments, since a small number of samples does not allow correctly determining the local geochemical background. In addition, generally accepted norms, for example, the maximum allowable concentrations, do not exist for bottom sediments. In these conditions, data on regional geochemical backgrounds of pollutants are needed. The need for the implementation of the Water Framework Directive in Ukraine, which requires the introduction of water management basin-based, necessitates the determination of the geochemical characteristics of bottom sediments within the river basin territories. To study the distribution of heavy metals and determine their regional backgrounds in the bottom sediments, a database of environmental and geochemical information was used in the GIS, one of the blocks of which is information on the content of chemical elements and compounds in the bottom sediments of watercourses and water bodies of Ukraine, and the electronic map of river basins of Ukraine. Based on the analysis in the GIS of information on the chemical composition of the bottom sediments of the rivers of Ukraine (about 8,1 thousand samples), regional geochemical background of lead, zinc, copper, chromium, nickel and cobalt have been determined. The main regularities of distribution of chemical elements in bottom sediments in the territory of Ukraine are established. For the chemical elements in question, a gradual increase in their content in soils from north to south, that is, from the river basins of the Polissya zone to the basins of the Steppe landscape-climatic zone, is consistent with the geochemical features of the soil cover of the catchment areas. The increased background content of chemical elements in bottom sediments often spatially coincides with the spread of soil differences in the catchment areas, which also have a high content of these elements. The maximum background content of most heavy metals in bottom sediments is naturally clearly recorded within the Carpathian-Crimean metallogenic province. Thus, despite the long and intensive technogenic impact on the surface water bodies of Ukraine, it is necessary to note the priority of natural factors in the formation of the chemical composition of bottom sediments, at least for the heavy metals considered above.

scholarly journals The Micro/elemental Composition of Bottom Sediments of Small Lakes as Indicator of Environmental Risks in Urban Area of Republic of Karelia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Small Lakes ◽  
Living Organisms

The general questions of the influence of urban environment on the development of deviations in living organisms up to the death of individual species are considered. Using the example of a study of the chemical composition of bottom sediments of six small lakes of the Republic of Karelia, a significant effect of technogenesis on the occurrence of ecological risks on the aquatic flora and fauna of an urbanized environment is shown. We have stated that the upper layers of the bottom sediments of urban lakes have increased concentrations of heavy metals in comparison with the underlying layers. The thickness of technogenically altered lake sediments for urban water bodies of Karelia is established. According to the analysis of the formulas of geochemical associations of bottom sediments of urbanized lakes, we identified priority pollutants (Pb, Sb, Cd, V, Zn, Cu, Ni etc.). These metals are associated with major environmental risks within the urban environment of the region. The patterns of distribution of individual chemical elements in the investigated lake sediments are determined depending on the geochemical specificity of the catchment area and specific sources of heavy metals. Examples of direct negative effects of heavy metals on living organisms of the aquatic environment are benthic organisms and fish. The biogeochemical potential of biota of urban water bodies to accumulate heavy metals and accompanying microelements is shown.

scholarly journals Chemical Forms of Heavy Metals in Bottom Sediments of the Mitręga Reservoir

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Lidia Dąbrowska
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Chemical Forms ◽  
Secondary Pollution ◽  
Ni Content ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Potential Mobility

Abstract Bottom sediments originating from the Mitręga water reservoir were studied. It was assayed, in what chemical forms heavy metals (zinc, copper, nickel, cadmium and lead) occur in sediments, using the method of sequential extraction BCR. According to the geochemical criteria with respect to the content of Zn, Cu and Ni, the sediments in all measuring points were classified as uncontaminated, however because of the Cd content - as moderately contaminated. The highest Cu and Ni content was found in the sediment collected in the southern part of the reservoir, 15 and 11 mg/kg d.m, respectively. In the case of Zn, Pb and Cd, the sediment collected at the outflow of the Mitręga river was the most contaminated; metal content amounted to 136; 35; 3 mg/kg d.m., respectively. Based on the conducted fractionation of heavy metals, it was found that the potential mobility of metals, hence the possibility of secondary pollution of the reservoir open water, are arranged in the following order: Zn> Cd> Ni> Cu ~ Pb.

Oxygen Regime of the Water Bodies as Main Factor of Different Metals Forms Migration within the System “Bottom Sediments - Water”

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. Linnik ◽  
O. V. Timchenko ◽  
A. V. Zubko ◽  
I. B. Zubenko ◽  
L. A. Malinovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Oxygen Regime ◽  
Main Factor
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