Assessment of the Willis circle pathology in patients with acute cerebrovascular accident

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
S. K. PERMINOVA ◽  
◽  
A. A. YAKUPOVA ◽  
A. Ya. NAZIPOVA ◽  
R. T. GAYFUTDINOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Neurological Deficit ◽  
Cerebrovascular Accident ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Stroke Severity ◽  
Functional Disorders ◽  
Good Recovery ◽  
Acute Cerebrovascular Accident ◽  
The Brain

The purpose — to evaluate the Willis circle pathology in patients with acute cerebral circulatory disorders using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, to assess the degree of functional disorders and the long-term perspective. Material and methods. Data from magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and magnetic resonance angiography of the brain were analyzed in 47 patients with acute cerebrovascular accident. The study included 21 (44,6%) men and 26 (55,4%) women, with an average age of 67,08 ± 16,03. All patients underwent neurological examination using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, assessment of functional disorders using the Rivermead scale, and assessment of long-term perspective using the Rankin scale before and after treatment. Results. Patients with the absence of one posterior connective artery showed a significant stroke severity according to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. The largest subgroup with the absence of both posterior connective arteries was identified, having the best indicators on the Rivermead scale before treatment and a good recovery for neurological deficit after treatment. Significant positive results by the Rivermead scale after treatment were shown in the subgroup with the absence of all connecting arteries. Conclusion. The variant of the Willis circle structure in the form of the absence of both posterior connective arteries in patients with acute cerebrovascular accident is most often found with a good recovery of neurological deficit.

scholarly journals Tracking elemental changes in an ischemic stroke model with X-ray fluorescence imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Pushie ◽  
N. J. Sylvain ◽  
H. Hou ◽  
S. Caine ◽  
M. J. Hackett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Response ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Parameter Method ◽  
Stroke Severity ◽  
Stroke Model ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability in adults and a leading cause of death in developed nations. The cascade of cellular events and signalling that occur after cerebral ischemia are complex, however, analyzing global element markers of metabolic state affords the means to monitor stroke severity, status of injury, and recovery. These markers provide a multi-parameter method for assessing changes through the post-stroke time course. We employ synchrotron-based elemental mapping to follow elemental changes in the brain at 1 h, 1-, 2-, and 3-days, and at 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-weeks post-stroke in a photothrombotic stroke model in mice. Our analysis reveals a highly consistent metabolic penumbra that can be readily identified based on the level of dysregulated potassium and other key elements. Maps of elemental distributions are also useful to demarcate events in the cellular response to the inflammatory cascade, including ion dysregulation, recruitment of cells to the lesion, and glial scar formation.

scholarly journals The Role of Dietary Antioxidants in the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Their Impact on Cerebral Oxidoreductive Balance

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Winiarska-Mieczan ◽  
Ewa Baranowska-Wójcik ◽  
Małgorzata Kwiecień ◽  
Eugeniusz R. Grela ◽  
Dominik Szwajgier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Functional Disorders ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Diet Supplements ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain ◽  
All Diseases

Neurodegenerative diseases are progressive diseases of the nervous system that lead to neuron loss or functional disorders. Neurodegenerative diseases require long-term, sometimes life-long pharmacological treatment, which increases the risk of adverse effects and a negative impact of pharmaceuticals on the patients’ general condition. One of the main problems related to the treatment of this type of condition is the limited ability to deliver drugs to the brain due to their poor solubility, low bioavailability, and the effects of the blood-brain barrier. Given the above, one of the main objectives of contemporary scientific research focuses on the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. As disorders related to the competence of the antioxidative system are a marker in all diseases of this type, the primary prophylactics should entail the use of exogenous antioxidants, particularly ones that can be used over extended periods, regardless of the patient’s age, and that are easily available, e.g., as part of a diet or as diet supplements. The paper analyzes the significance of the oxidoreductive balance in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Based on information published globally in the last 10 years, an analysis is also provided with regard to the impact of exogenous antioxidants on brain functions with respect to the prevention of this type of diseases.

STAGES OF REHABILITATION OF PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
I. V. Kas ◽  
I. S. Petukhova ◽  
T. P. Ustymenko
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Deficit ◽  
Cerebrovascular Accident ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
The Body ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Acute Cerebrovascular Accident ◽  
Number Of Factors

One of the urgent tasks of modern medicine is organizing the rehabilitation for patients who have suffered a stroke at different stages of rehabilitation. Restoration of impaired functions in such patients occurs in the first 3−5 months from the onset of the disease, that is influenced by a number of factors: duration of the stroke, size of the lesion and pool of lesions, active participation in the process of a patient him−/herself. The main principles of rehabilitation include its early onset in an acute period of stroke; regularity and duration; complexity and multidisciplinarity (formation of multidisciplinary teams); adequacy of rehabilitation measures, i.e. creation of individual programs taking into account the severity of neurological deficit and dysfunction; stages. Different methods of recovery are applied to each patient individually or in combination, or sequentially according to the rehabilitation program, which is based on the analysis of the patient's condition by all members of the multidisciplinary team, taking into account the results of functional testing and objective examination. Medical support, postural correction, kinesitherapy, mechanotherapy (including robotic), field therapy, hardware physiotherapy, massage, acupuncture according to the indications, functional neurotraining and cardiotraining, neuropsychological training are used. The results of research confirm that the integrated use of kinesitherapy, physical factors, balneotherapy, the methods of psychological rehabilitation of patients after stroke provides a faster recovery of neurological deficit, activates non−specific brain systems, restores mental and somatic functions of the body. Therefore, in addition to health, the patient needs to renew his ability to work and social status. Key words: acute cerebrovascular accident, medical rehabilitation, stages of rehabilitation.

Brain Damage in Diabetes Mellitus

1973 ◽  
Vol 122 (568) ◽  
pp. 337-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Bale
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Cerebrovascular Accident ◽  
Diabetic Encephalopathy ◽  
Autopsy Study ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Permanent Brain Damage ◽  
The Brain

Several previous studies have demonstrated involvement of the central nervous system in diabetes mellitus. Reske-Nielsen and Lundbaek (1963) gave a description of cerebral changes seen in an autopsy study of three cases of long term diabetes and considered these to contribute a diabetic encephalopathy. Lawrence et al. (1942) demonstrated lesions in the brain following fatal hypoglycaemia, and Fineberg and Altschul (1952) described cases in which permanent brain damage followed non-fatal hypoglycaemia. Grunnet (1963) found cerebral atherosclerosis to develop at an earlier age and more severely in the diabetic than the non-diabetic, and a higher incidence of cerebrovascular accident was found in diabetic than non-diabetic subjects by Alex et al. (1962).

scholarly journals MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Cushing's syndrome causes irreversible effects on the human brain: a systematic review of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 173 (1) ◽  
pp. R1-R14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelie D Andela ◽  
Femke M van Haalen ◽  
Oskar Ragnarsson ◽  
Eleni Papakokkinou ◽  
Gudmundur Johannsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Biochemical Cure ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Active Disease

BackgroundCushing's syndrome (CS) is characterized by excessive exposure to cortisol, and is associated with both metabolic and behavioral abnormalities. Symptoms improve substantially after biochemical cure, but may persist during long-term remission. The causes for persistent morbidity are probably multi-factorial, including a profound effect of cortisol excess on the brain, a major target area for glucocorticoids.ObjectiveTo review publications evaluating brain characteristics in patients with CS using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsSystematic review of literature published in PubMed, Embase, Web of Knowledge, and Cochrane databases.ResultsNineteen studies using MRI in patients with CS were selected, including studies in patients with active disease, patients in long-term remission, and longitudinal studies, covering a total of 339 unique patients. Patients with active disease showed smaller hippocampal volumes, enlarged ventricles, and cerebral atrophy as well as alterations in neurochemical concentrations and functional activity. After abrogation of cortisol excess, the reversibility of structural and neurochemical alterations was incomplete after long-term remission. MRI findings were related to clinical characteristics (i.e., cortisol levels, duration of exposure to hypercortisolism, current age, age at diagnosis, and triglyceride levels) and behavioral outcome (i.e., cognitive and emotional functioning, mood, and quality of life).ConclusionPatients with active CS demonstrate brain abnormalities, which only partly recover after biochemical cure, because these still occur even after long-term remission. CS might be considered as a human model of nature that provides a keyhole perspective of the neurotoxic effects of exogenous glucocorticoids on the brain.

Cerebral and Brain Stem Changes After ECT Revealed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging

1987 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Mander ◽  
A. Whitfield ◽  
D. M. Kean ◽  
M. A. Smith ◽  
R. H. B. Douglas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Relaxation Time ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

Nuclear magnetic resonance images of the brain were obtained in fourteen patients with major depression during a course of ECT. The T1, relaxation time rose immediately after the fit reaching a maximum 4–6 h later. The T1, values then returned to their original level; no long-term increase occurred over the course of treatment. These results are consistent with an extensive but temporary breakdown of the blood-brain barrier during ECT.

scholarly journals A Simple Hospital Mobility Scale for Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Predicts Long-term Functional Outcome

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 614-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iara Maso ◽  
Elen Beatriz Pinto ◽  
Maiana Monteiro ◽  
Marina Makhoul ◽  
Tassiana Mendel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Prognostic Indicator ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Stroke Severity ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Derivation Cohort

Background. Stroke patients present restriction of mobility in the acute phase, and the use of a simple and specific scale can be useful to guide rehabilitation. Objective. To validate and propose a Hospital Mobility Scale (HMS) for ischemic stroke patients as well as to evaluate the HMS as a prognostic indicator. Methods. This study was performed in 2 phases: in the first, we developed the HMS content, and in the second, we defined its score and evaluated its psychometric properties. We performed a longitudinal prospective study consisting of 2 cohorts (derivation and validation cohorts). The data were collected in a stroke unit, and the following scales were applied during hospitalization: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale to quantify stroke severity and the HMS to verify the degree of mobility. The primary outcome was the proportion of unfavorable functional outcomes, defined as a modified Barthel Index of <95. Results. We defined 3 tasks for HMS: sitting, standing, and gait. In the derivation cohort, the HMS presented an accuracy of 84.5% measured using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (95% CI = 78.3-90.7; P < .001), whereas in the validation cohort the accuracy was 87.8% (95% CI = 81.9%-93.7%; P < .001). The HMS presented a large standardized effect size (1.41) and excellent interexaminer agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.962; 95% CI = 0.917-0.983; P < .001). Conclusion. The HMS was able to predict accurately the functional outcome of poststroke patients, presented excellent interexaminer agreement, and was sensitive in detecting changes.

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